scholarly journals Puberty Onset among Boys in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S4610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al Alwan ◽  
Naila Felimban ◽  
Yasmin Altwaijri ◽  
Hani Tamim ◽  
Angham Al Mutair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hair Development

Background The ages of onset of pubertal characteristics are influenced by genetic, geographic, dietary and socioeconomic factors; however, due to lack of country-specific norms, clinicians in Saudi Arabia use Western estimates as standards of reference for local children. Aims The aim of the Riyadh Puberty Study was to provide data on pubertal development to determine the average age of onset of pubertal characteristics among Saudi boys. Methods Cross-sectional study among male school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2006, 542 schoolboys, aged 6 to 16 years old, from diverse socioeconomic levels were selected into the sample using a cluster sample design. Tanner stages were ascertained during physical examination by pediatric endocrine consultants, and also trained pediatric residents and fellows. Results The mean age (standard deviation) at Tanner Stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 for pubic hair development of Saudi boys was 11.4 (1.6), 13.3 (1.3), 14.4 (1.0) and 15.1 (0.8) years old, respectively. For gonadal development, the mean age (standard deviation) at stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 11.4 (1.5), 13.3 (1.2), 14.3 (1.1) and 15.0 (0.9) years old, respectively. Conclusion The ages of onset of pubertal characteristics, based on gonadal development, among Saudi boys are comparable to those reported in Western populations.

scholarly journals Hypogonadism in females with Prader–Willi syndrome from infancy to adulthood: variable combinations of a primary gonadal defect and hypothalamic dysfunction

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Eldar-Geva ◽  
Harry J Hirsch ◽  
Fortu Benarroch ◽  
Orit Rubinstein ◽  
Varda Gross-Tsur
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypothalamic Dysfunction

ObjectiveThe variable hypogonadism in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) has generally been attributed to hypothalamic dysfunction. Recent studies have documented primary testicular dysfunction in PWS males. Our aims were to characterize sexual development and reproductive hormones in PWS females and to investigate the etiology of hypogonadism.DesignA cross-sectional study.MethodsPhysical examination was performed on 45 PWS females (aged 6 weeks to 32 years) and blood samples were obtained for hormonal analyses.ResultsAge of onset and progression of puberty varied; most adults had incomplete sexual development. Spontaneous menarche was reported in four (aged 15–30 years) but all had subsequently developed secondary amenorrhea or oligomennorrhea. Anti-Mullerian hormone levels were within the normal range in all age groups. Inhibin B was consistently low or undetectable; only five women had levels in the low-normal range (20–54 pg/ml). LH was normal in most children, but low (<1.0 IU/l) in 9 of 15 adults. FSH was within the normal range for age in most children, but low (<0.5 IU/l) in 10 and high in four adults. Estradiol levels were normal-low and androgen levels were normal in the majority.ConclusionsPubertal development in PWS females, as in males, is characterized by normal adrenarche, pubertal arrest, and hypogonadism due to variable combinations of a unique primary gonadal defect and hypothalamic dysfunction.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of relationship between self-esteem and self-concept of students of medical sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Mehdi Amirkhani ◽  
Fatemeh Habibi ◽  
Azadeh Hakimi ◽  
Majid Najafi Kalyani ◽  
Javad Salami
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Identification of the role of factors such as self-esteem and self-efficacy and the investigation of their relationship among students can bring about improvement of educational planning and enhance the teaching outcome. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy among the students of medical sciences.Methods: The present study is an analytical-descriptive which was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 394 students of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2016. In order to collect the data two questionnaires were used namely, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and Rogers Self-concept Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22. The researchers used descriptive and inferential statistics such as t-test, chi-square one-way ANOVA, and correlation to analyze the data.Results: The mean and the standard deviation of self-esteem scores of female and male students were 38.23±6.80 and 37.51±6.67 respectively. The mean and the standard deviation of self-concept scores of female and male students were 9.49±3.53 and 9.43±4.14 respectively. The mean of self-concept scores of students of different majors had statistically significant difference with each other (0.011), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in self-esteem scores among students with different majors (0.442).Conclusions: Considering the statistically significant difference in students’ self-concept scores in different majors, it is suggested that we take right approaches to the improvement and enhancement of individuals’ self-concept and the creation of positive feedback.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Curfews and Social Distancing in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badrah S Alghamdi ◽  
Yasser AlAtawi ◽  
Fahad S. AlShehri ◽  
Haythum O. Tayeb ◽  
Hanin Abo Abo Taleb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stress Score

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 150 countries worldwide. Since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Saudi Arabia, cases have continued to escalate exponentially. The COVID-19 outbreak has had a negative effect on mental health and well-being. The study aim was to investigate the effects of the strict national regulations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s mental health. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of Saudi residents. Participants completed an online questionnaire after 1 month of a nationwide 24-hour curfew. We measured psychological distress using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). We ran binary logistic regression analyses to detect variables that significantly predicted DASS-21 scores. Results The sample comprised 2252 Saudi residents. The DASS-21 score means and standard deviations for depression and anxiety for the whole sample (10.73 ± 10.29 and 6.98 ± 8.30, respectively) were in the range of mild depression and anxiety. In contrast, the mean DASS-21 stress score was within the normal range (11.97 ± 10.80). The mean stress score for healthcare workers was within normal range (13.70 ± 10.68), but was significantly higher than the mean score for the public (11.56 ± 10.89; P = .0006). Several variables (e.g. age, gender and history of contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases) were significantly associated with higher DASS-21 scores. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has created a psychological burden. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement emergency psychological interventions to reduce the negative psychosocial effects of the pandemic on public mental health.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes in Children of Mazandaran Province

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zamanfar ◽  
Pooneh Yazdani ◽  
Mohsen Aarabi ◽  
Hedieh Pournorooz
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Introduction: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in all countries throughout the world is different. In this study, an introduction is, therefore, provided for the development of type 1 diabetes in children in Mazandaran province by using all available resources.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the prevalence of patients with initial diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, aging from 6 months to 18 years, was located through contacting and referring to all organizations of insurers and doctors or experts in children endocrinologist and adolescent diseases in Mazandaran province.Results: 289 patients with type 1 diabetes were identified, 138 of whom were male (47.8%), and 151 were women (52.2%) with an overall prevalence of 0.04%, and the rate of this prevalence was 48 cases among 100000 people (50 cases among 100000 girls and 36 cases among 100000 boys). The mean age of the patients was 11.5 years old. In the study of delivery method, 180 patients (62.3%) were diagnosed with cesarean section, and 109 (37.7%) were born through natural delivery method. The mean age of onset of diabetes was 7 years. The minimum and maximum ages were 7 months and 18 years, respectively. 97 (33.6%) of the patients were also hospitalized for the first time due to ketoacidosis, and were diagnosed with diabetes.Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes in Mazandaran province was more prevalent than the similar study in southern Iran and neighboring countries. It is essential to pay greater attention to this disease through studying it in the other parts of the country.

Awareness, views, perceptions, and beliefs of Pharmacy Interns regarding digital health: a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAUD Alsahali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Training ◽  
Very High ◽  
Health Applications

BACKGROUND : Digital health technologies and applications are rapidly advancing and have gained attention in recent years. It is expected to have more roles and functions to transform the healthcare system in this era of digital consumers and services. However, limited research is available regarding delivering digital health education and training in pharmacy education and the pharmacy students’ perspectives on digital health. OBJECTIVE To assess pharmacy interns’ awareness of digital health applications in Saudi Arabia and their views regarding the coverage of digital health in the education of pharmacists. We will also assess the interns’ perceptions and beliefs about the concepts, benefits, and implementation of digital health in the practice settings METHODS A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted among pharmacy interns at Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. An invitation with the link to the online survey was sent to all interns registered at the College during the period of January to March 2021 RESULTS A total of 68 out of 77 interns registered in the internship year participated in the study, giving a response rate of 88.31%. The mean total score for pharmacy interns’ awareness of digital health applications in Saudi Arabia was 5.66 ± 1.74 (the maximum attainable score = 7). The awareness with different applications ranged from 97% for the Tawakkalna app to 64.7% for the Ministry of Health 937 call center. The mean total score for attitude and beliefs toward concepts and benefits of telehealth and telemedicine applications was 58.25 ± 10.44 (Maximum attainable score = 75). In this regard, 83.8% of the interns believed that telehealth could enhance the quality of care, 72% believed that it could enable pharmacists to accomplish tasks more quickly, and 70.6% believed that it could help effectively provide patient counseling, and 69.1% believed it could improve patients’ adherence to therapy. In this study, 40.6% believed that the current coverage of telehealth and telemedicine in the curriculum was average, while only 17.6% believed it was high/very high coverage. Moreover, only 38.2% attended additional educational activities related to digital health. Consequently, the majority (63.2%) were of the opinion that there is a high/very high need to educate and train pharmacists in the field of digital health CONCLUSIONS Overall, the interns showed good awareness of the common digital health applications in Saudi Arabia. In addition, majority of the interns had positive perceptions and beliefs towards the concepts, benefits, and implementation of digital health. However, the findings showed there is still further scope for improvement in some areas. Moreover, most interns indicated that there is a need for more education and training in the field of digital health and pharmacy informatics. Consequently, early exposure to content related to digital health and pharmacy informatics is an important step to help in the wide use and application of these technologies in the graduates’ future careers and practice CLINICALTRIAL Ethical approval was obtained from Health Research Ethics Committee at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia (reference number 20-06-12).

A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Variation in Body Surface Area and Chemotherapy Dosing in Pediatric Oncology Using Two Different Methods

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3969-3969
Author(s):  
Wasil Jastaniah ◽  
Mohammed Aseeri
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Abstract: Standardizing Body Surface Area (BSA) determination is essential for avoiding variation in chemotherapy dosage calculations. In this study we compared variation in BSA calculation using weight and height by the Mosteller formula with weight alone using recently adapted table at the Princess Norah Oncology Center (PNOC). Methods: Cross-sectional study of pediatric oncology patients presenting to the pediatric oncology clinic at PNOC over a week period of time. Results: One hundred consecutive pediatric oncology patients presented to the clinic. The mean BSA calculated by the Mosteller formula was 0.83m2 (Standard Deviation = 0.24) and the mean BSA determined by the table (based on weight alone) was 0.82m2 (Standard Deviation = 0.25). The mean variation in dosing between the two methods was 1.64% (Standard Deviation = 3.4). Only 13 out of 100 patients (13%) had equal dosing using both methods and 21 out of 100 patients (21%) had dosing variation greater than 5%. When comparing both methods, using paired t-test, the difference was statistically significant (t(99) = 3.99 and P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Significant differences in BSA-based chemotherapy dosing exist in our center. The Mosteller method should remain the standard until prospective studies are performed to determine the significance of this dosing variability on toxicity and survival outcome.

scholarly journals Determinants and Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking among Medical Students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alkhalaf ◽  
Abdullatif Suwyadi ◽  
Eissa AlShamakhi ◽  
Hassan Oribi ◽  
Zain Theyab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Academic Year

Tobacco smoking has a significant role in health deterioration worldwide; it can lead to many dangerous diseases. Tobacco smoking among medical students is common worldwide, but the prevalence and determinants vary from one community to another. Data from medical students in Saudi Arabia is limited. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and determinants of smoking among medical students at the College of Medicine, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered electronic survey was conducted to estimate tobacco smoking’s prevalence and characteristics among medical students at Jazan University. The survey includes information on the gender, academic year, academic performance, type of tobacco smoking, and age of onset of the participants’ tobacco smoking. Other data, like the prevalence of passive smoking and social factors, were considered, too. The sample size was 354, 51.7% males and 48.3% females, students with a response rate of 38.02%. The prevalence of smoking among medical students was 12.4%, while passive smoking prevalence was 39.9% of all medical students. The research shows that 18.6% of male and 5.9% of female medical students were active smokers. Regarding the type of tobacco, we found that 47% of male smokers used waterpipe, while the percentage among female smokers using waterpipe reached 77.8%. The age of onset of smoking for 34.9% of the smokers was between 18 and 21 years old. The prevalence of smoking is inversely proportional to the GPA. Additionally, 71.1% of the smokers did not have a smoker friend, and only 13.3% of the smokers were motivated to quit. University age is critical for smoking habits, and the smoking cessation rate was low. More campaigns should be done in universities to increase smoking cessation awareness, and smoking cessation clinics should be activated at universities.

scholarly journals Changes in Pediatric Fracture Cases during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Data from a National Referral Orthopedic Hospital in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 754-758
Author(s):  
Pamudji Utomo ◽  
Muhammad Yogatama Wirawan ◽  
Hendra Cahya Kumara ◽  
Mochamadsyah Beizar Yudistira
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Service Support ◽  
Pediatric Fracture ◽  
Orthopedic Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AIM: This study aims to compare the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric fracture services in a national referral orthopedic hospital in Indonesia to understand the service provisions that may be required during the pandemic. METHODS: The study compared the population group during 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia to the same period 1 year before. This cross-sectional study was performed in Prof. Dr. R Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, from March 2019 to February 2021. The subjects were pediatric fracture patients aged 0–18 years. Patients recorded on other orthopedic service support installations such as radiology, laboratory, or physiotherapy and diagnosed with any other orthopedic sub-specialty were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 1787 patients were recorded in this study, with the mean of pediatric fracture patients during the pre-COVID-19 period was 90.75 (standard deviation [SD]: 28.5) and during the COVID-19 period was 58.16 (SD: 19.17) monthly. In the 1st year of the pandemic, there was a significant reduction in clinical visits compared to the same period in 2019 (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in pediatric fracture cases clinic visits and patients’ length of stay in the COVID-19 period than before the COVID-19 occurred.

scholarly journals Study of hematological parameters in sepsis patients and its prognostic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Ashish Gupta ◽  
Rahul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
The Difference

Background: Septic response is a leading contributory factor for morbidity and mortality especially in intensive care settings. The current research aims to study the co-relation of various hematological parameters in sepsis patients with the objective to see their effects in prognosis of sepsis patients.Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 117 patients with sepsis. Various hematological parameters of all the patients were obtained on day of admission (day 1) and seventh day (day 7) using hemogram reports and the difference of their statistical mean and standard deviation was estimated.Results: There was a significant statistical difference in the mean and standard deviation of neutrophil lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR), red cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW SD), Platelet count (PLT) and Platelet crit (PCT) whereas Mean platelet volume (MPV), Platelet distribution width (PDW) and Platelet large cell ratio (PLCR) showed no significant changes on day 1 and day 7 of observation in patients taken for the study.Conclusions: The prognosis of sepsis can be important when we can clinch the hemogram markers early in the period of sepsis and evaluate them according to the etiology of the respective incidences. Targeted approach can be initiated early in the course of hospitalization and may be a specific index of hemogram could be established to further co relate sepsis and its form in particular diseases.

scholarly journals Epidemiological trends of malaria in the Western regions of Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1332-1337
Author(s):  
Omar SO Amer ◽  
Mohamed I Waly ◽  
Izhar W Burhan ◽  
Esam S Al-Malki ◽  
Amor Smida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

Introduction: Saudi Arabia has successfully reduced malaria cases to be constrained largely in the western regions. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological trends of malaria infection in five western regions of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the epidemiological trends of malaria infection in the western regions, based on the published registry of the Saudi Ministry of Health, during the period from 2014 to 2017 using the appropriate statistical tools. Results: A total of 8925 confirmed cases of malaria were reported in the western regions during the period from 2014 to 2017 with the mean of 2231 malaria cases per year. The minimum (n = 1097) and maximum (n = 4075) number of cases were reported in 2014 and 2016 respectively. The highest (n = 5919, 66.3%) number of cases were reported from Jazan region, while lowest (n = 86, 1.0%) number of cases were reported from Al-Bahah region. Plasmodium falciparum was the most frequently reported species with 7485 (83.9%) cases, while Plasmodium vivax accounted 1386 (15.5%) cases. Plasmodium malariae and mixed infections were insignificant and accounted 0.5% (n = 48) and 0.1% (n = 6) cases respectively. In relation to malaria infection and age group, malaria was predominant in > 15 age group. The highest number of malaria cases in almost all years was observed from January until March and the lowest number was reported from May until July. Conclusions: Plasmodium falciparum was the most dominant species in this survey and Jazan was the most affected region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document