scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Ingestion as Risk Factors for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. CMENT.S8610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pyeko Menach ◽  
Herbert O. Oburra ◽  
Asmeeta Patel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Glottic Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is strongly linked to cigarette smoking. It is estimated to account for more than 70% of laryngeal SCCs and up to 89% in combination with alcohol. We wished to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion among patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and estimate risk attributed to cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion. Fifty experimental group patients and fifty controls were recruited of matching age, sex and region of residence. History of smoking and alcohol intake was taken and analyzed to estimate the relative strengths of these exposures. Cessation of smoking was associated with reduced risk of SCC. Smokers had increased risk compared to controls. Those who smoked only had a higher glottic cancer risk. Those who smoked and drank alcohol had a higher supraglottic cancer risk. Being a current smoker and long duration of smoking were independent risk factors of laryngeal SCC.

scholarly journals Demography and Histologic Pattern of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Pyeko Menach ◽  
Asmeeta Patel ◽  
Herbert Ouma Oburra
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Background. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a common head and neck cancer worldwide.Objective. To determine the demographic characteristics of patients with laryngeal cancer, establish their tumor characteristics and relate it to their smoking and alcohol ingestion habits.Methods. Fifty cases and fifty controls were recruited of matching age, sex, and region of residence. History and pattern of cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion was taken and analyzed.Results. 33 (66%) of the cases and 3 (6%) among controls were current cigarette smokers. 74% had smoked for more than 30 years,P<0.0001OR 21.3 (95% CI: 2.6–176.1). There was a male predominance (96%) and most cases (62%) were from the ethnic communities in the highland areas of Kenya predominantly in Central and Eastern provinces. Very heavy drinkers had increased risk ofP<0.0001OR, 6.0 (95% CI: 1.957–18.398) and those who smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol had poorly differentiated tumors G3,P<0.001, OR 11.652 (95% CI 2.305–58.895), and G4,P=0.52OR 7.286 (95% CI 0.726–73.075). They also presented with advanced disease (73.6%).Conclusion. Cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion are strong risk factors for development of late stage and poorly differentiated laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Kenya.

Lack of Expression of Galectin-3 Is Associated With a Poor Outcome in Node-Negative Patients With Laryngeal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 3850-3856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Piantelli ◽  
Stefano Iacobelli ◽  
Giovanni Almadori ◽  
Manuela Iezzi ◽  
Nicola Tinari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Node Negative ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Galectin 3

PURPOSE: Galectin-3 is a pleiotropic carbohydrate-binding protein participating in a variety of normal and pathologic processes, including cancer progression. This study was aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of galectin-3 expression in node-negative laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Galectin-3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using M3/38 monoclonal antibody, in a single-institution series of 73 node-negative laryngeal SCC patients (median follow-up, 52 months; range, 2 to 90 months). RESULTS: Forty-two (57.5%) of 73 patients expressed galectin-3. Galectin-3 expression was positively associated with tumor keratinization and histologic grade. A significant correlation was found between galectin-3 tumor positivity and longer relapse-free and overall survival. In univariate analysis, high-grade (grade 3 or 4) tumors, nonkeratinizing tumors, and galectin-3–negative tumors showed a significantly increased risk of relapse and death. In multivariate analysis, only galectin-3 expression retained an independent prognostic significance for both relapse-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the absence of galectin-3 expression is an independent negative prognostic marker in laryngeal SCC patients. Thus, histochemical detection of galectin-3 in these tumors could be useful for the selection of node-negative patients with potentially unfavorable outcomes, to establish adjuvant therapy protocols.

scholarly journals Predictive indicators for revisional surgery in nasal reconstruction after Mohs surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Andrew ◽  
Jennifer J. Garioch ◽  
Penny E. Lovat ◽  
Marc D. Moncrieff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Revisional Surgery ◽  
Mohs Micrographic Surgery ◽  
Micrographic Surgery ◽  
Aesthetic Result ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Reconstruction of nasal lesions is complex due to the topography, mobile free margins and borders of anatomical subunits. Reconstructive challenges can lead to multiple revisional surgeries to achieve the final aesthetic result. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors and predictors of revisional surgery in patients undergoing reconstruction after Mohs micrographic surgery for nasal tumours. Methods This was a prospective cohort study from April 2, 2008 to February 26, 2019. The study population included all consecutive patients who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery for nasal skin cancer. Resection and reconstruction of nasal skin cancer was performed by the Mohs team. Results A total of 988 cases met our study inclusion criteria with 64 (6.5%) cases requiring unplanned surgical revision. Revision rates were highest in the ala (9.0%, p < 0.05) and complex anatomical subunits (16.7%, p < 0.0001). In contrast, revision rates for dorsum lesions were lowest (1.8%, p < 0.001). In terms of reconstructive modalities, local flaps resulted in significantly higher rates of revision when compared to grafts (relative risk, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.15–5.0; p < 0.01). In terms of histological diagnosis, squamous cell carcinoma had significantly higher revision rates when compared to basal cell carcinoma (p < 0.05). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the risk factors and predictors of revision surgery in patients undergoing MMS for nasal tumours. This study highlights that the reconstructive modality utilised affects the functional and cosmetic outcome of MMS. We note that ala complex subunit lesions, squamous cell carcinoma and flap reconstruction were associated with an increased risk of revision after Mohs reconstruction of nasal lesions. Level of evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic; therapeutic study. Trial registration number (Ref: PLA-19-20_A03) 04/02/2020.

scholarly journals Analysis of the TCGA Dataset Reveals that Subsites of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Are Molecularly Distinct

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Alana Sorgini ◽  
Hugh Andrew Jinwook Kim ◽  
Peter Y. F. Zeng ◽  
Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh ◽  
Neil Mundi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Glottic Cancer ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Tcga Dataset

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) from different subsites have distinct presentations and prognosis. In this study, we carried out a multiomic comparison of LSCC subsites. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LSCC cohort was analyzed in the R statistical environment for differences between supraglottic and glottic cancers in single nucleotide variations (SNVs), copy number alterations (CNAs), mRNA abundance, protein abundance, pathway overrepresentation, tumor microenvironment (TME), hypoxia status, and patient outcome. Supraglottic cancers had significantly higher overall and smoking-associated SNV mutational load. Pathway analysis revealed upregulation of muscle related pathways in glottic cancer and neural pathways in supraglottic cancer. Proteins involved in cancer relevant signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, the cell cycle, and PDL1 were differentially abundant between subsites. Glottic and supraglottic tumors have different molecular profiles, which may partially account for differences in presentation and response to therapy.

scholarly journals Smoking and inflammation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Jelena Sotirovic ◽  
Aleksandar Peric ◽  
Danilo Vojvodic ◽  
Nenad Baletic ◽  
Milanko Milojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction/Objective Epidemiological studies have established cigarette smoking as one of the most significant risk factors in pathogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). One of the possible underlying mechanism is chronic inflammation, but published data regarding the effect of tobacco on systemic immune response is inconsistent. The goal of this study was to evaluate concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1?, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?] in patients with LSCC and in healthy subjects according to cigarette smoking. Methods Fifty-nine LSCC patients and 44 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Samples of peripheral blood and details of tobacco use were gathered from the examinees. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1?, and TNF-?. The results were compared according to active smoking status. Results Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between smoking LSCC patients and smoking healthy subjects. Additionally, investigated cytokines were not significantly different in healthy subjects according to smoking status. In non-smoking participants with LSCC, concentrations of serum IL-1? and TNF-? were higher (p < 0.05) in comparison with smoking LSCC patients. Conclusion Findings of our study may indicate that smoking leads to the suppression of proinflammatory response in LSCC patients, whilst proinflammatory response is unaffected by cigarettes in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Analyses of High-Risk Factors for Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Establishment of Nomogram Prediction Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132090161
Author(s):  
Lu-ying Chen ◽  
Wei-bin Weng ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Jian-fu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Node Metastasis

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common laryngeal tumors, and its incidence is increasing yearly; however, whether lymph node dissection should be performed during surgery remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of 246 cases of LSCC and developed a nomogram for the prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) of LSCC. The predictive performance and consistency of the model were evaluated using the consistency coefficient (C-index) and calibration curve, respectively. Among 246 cases of LSCC, 52 cases had metastasis with a positivity rate of 21.14%. Multivariate analyses showed that dysphagia, clinical T stage, and pathological differentiation were independent risk factors for LNM in LSCC. The accuracy of the contour map used to predict the risk for LNM was 0.809. Overall, this nomogram model can be used to evaluate LNM in patients with LSCC before surgery to decide whether to conduct neck dissection and improve patient prognosis.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma beyond Alcohol and Smoking

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Munir Tarazi ◽  
Swathikan Chidambaram ◽  
Sheraz R. Markar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most common cause of death worldwide. Incidence rates vary internationally, with the highest rates found in Southern and Eastern Africa, and central Asia. Initial observational studies identified multiple factors associated with an increased risk of ESCC, with subsequent work then focused on developing plausible biological mechanistic associations. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of risk factors in the development of ESCC and propose future directions for further research. A systematic search of the literature was conducted by screening EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, and CENTRAL for relevant publications. In total, 73 studies were included that sought to identify risk factors associated with the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors were divided into seven subcategories: genetic, dietary and nutrition, gastric atrophy, infection and microbiome, metabolic, epidemiological and environmental and other risk factors. Risk factors from each subcategory were summarized and explored with mechanistic explanations for these associations. This review highlights several current risk factors of ESCC. These risk factors were explored, and explanations dissected. Most studies focused on investigating genetic and dietary and nutritional factors, whereas this review identified other potential risk factors that have yet to be fully explored. Furthermore, there is a lack of literature on the association of these risk factors with tumor factors and disease prognosis. Further research to validate these results and their effects on tumor biology is absolutely necessary.

scholarly journals Firefighter occupation is associated with increased risk for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma among men from the Greater Boston area

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
Scott M Langevin ◽  
Melissa Eliot ◽  
Rondi A Butler ◽  
Michael McClean ◽  
Karl T Kelsey
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Occupational History ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveFirefighters are exposed to a wide variety of carcinogens during the line of duty, including several associated with head and neck cancer. Existing studies assessing head and neck cancer risk with firefighting have predominately included occupational cohorts or registry data, which are limited by inability to adjust for smoking and alcohol consumption—major risk factors for head and neck cancer. Our objective was to assess the risk of head and neck cancer among men with an occupational history as a firefighter.MethodsThis work was conducted using male subjects from a large population-based case–control study of head and neck cancer from the greater Boston area using self-reported occupational history (718 cases and 905 controls).ResultsAn occupational history as a firefighter was reported for 11 cases and 14 controls. Although no significant association was observed overall, we observed substantial increased risk for hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma among professional municipal firefighters who had a light or no smoking history (OR=8.06, 95% CI 1.74 to 37.41), with significantly increasing risk per decade as a firefighter (OR=2.10, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.14).ConclusionProfessional municipal firefighters may be at increased risk for hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma due to carcinogenic exposures encountered during the line of duty.

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