scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Fingernail Clippings Can Help Differentiate between Postmenopausal Women who Have and Have Not Suffered a Fracture

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMAMD.S38493 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Beattie ◽  
Niamh M. Cummins ◽  
Clare Caraher ◽  
Olive M. O'Driscoll ◽  
Aruna T. Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
T Score ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Using Data

Raman spectroscopy was applied to nail clippings from 633 postmenopausal British and Irish women, from six clinical sites, of whom 42% had experienced a fragility fracture. The objective was to build a prediction algorithm for fracture using data from four sites (known as the calibration set) and test its performance using data from the other two sites (known as the validation set). Results from the validation set showed that a novel algorithm, combining spectroscopy data with clinical data, provided area under the curve (AUC) of 74% compared to an AUC of 60% from a reduced QFracture score (a clinically accepted risk calculator) and 61% from the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry T-score, which is in current use for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Raman spectroscopy should be investigated further as a noninvasive tool for the early detection of enhanced risk of fragility fracture.

Identification of mixite minerals – an SEM and Raman spectroscopic analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Frost ◽  
M. Weier ◽  
W. Martens ◽  
L. Duong
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Bending Mode ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Bending Modes ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic Analysis

AbstractTwo mixites from Boss Tweed Mine, Tintic District, Juab County, Utah and Tin Stope, Majuba Hill, Pershing County, Nevada, USA, were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and by Raman spectroscopy. The SEM images show the mixite crystals to be elongated fibres up to 200 μm long and 2 μm wide. Detailed images of the mixite crystals show the mineral to be composed of bundles of fibres. The EDX analyses depend on the crystal studied, though the Majuba mixite gave analyses which matched the formula BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6.3H2O. Raman bands observed in the 880–910 cm−1 and 867–870 cm−1 regions are assigned to the AsO-stretching vibrations of (HAsO4)2− and (H2AsO4)− units, whilst bands at 803 and 833 cm−1 are assigned to the stretching vibrations of uncomplexed (AsO4)3- units. Intense bands observed at 473.7 and 475.4 cm−1 are assigned to the v4 bending mode of AsO4 units. Bands observed at 386.5, 395.3 and 423.1 cm−1 are assigned to the v2 bending modes of the HAsO4 (434 and 400 cm−1) and the AsO4 groups (324 cm−1). Raman spectroscopy lends itself to the identification of minerals on host matrices and is especially useful for the identification of mixites.

scholarly journals X-ray Laue Microdiffraction and Raman Spectroscopic Investigation of Natural Silicon and Moissanite

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Camelia Veronica Stan ◽  
Earl Francis O’Bannon ◽  
Pavel Mukhin ◽  
Nobumichi Tamura ◽  
Larissa Dobrzhinetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Accessory Mineral ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Large Crystal ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Low Distortion ◽  
Laue Microdiffraction

Moissanite, SiC, is an uncommon accessory mineral that forms under low oxygen fugacity. Here, we analyze natural SiC from a Miocene tuff-sandstone using synchrotron Laue microdiffraction and Raman spectroscopy, in order to better understand the SiC phases and formation physics. The studied crystals of SiC consist of 4H- and 6H-SiC domains, formed from either, continuous growth or, in one case, intergrown, together with native Si. The native Si is polycrystalline, with a large crystal size relative to the analytical beam dimensions (>1–2 μm). We find that the intergrown region shows low distortion or dislocation density in SiC, but these features are comparatively high in Si. The distortion/deformation observed in Si may have been caused by a mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the two materials. Raman spectroscopic measurements are discussed in combination with our Laue microdiffraction results. Our results suggest that these SiC grains likely grew from an igneous melt.

scholarly journals Raman spectroscopic analysis of an important Visigothic historiated manuscript

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2082) ◽  
pp. 20160041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Carter ◽  
Fernando Rull Perez ◽  
Jesús Medina Garcia ◽  
Howell G. M. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Organic Pigments ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Complete Work ◽  
Iron Gall ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic Analysis

Raman spectroscopy has been used to study fragments of early Visigothic historiated manuscripts from the important mediaeval library at Santo Domingo de Silos which were a part of a Beato dating from the tenth to the mid-eleventh centuries. These fragments are from some of the oldest manuscripts in the scriptorium of the monastery. In this study, a comparison is made between the pigments and inks used on these manuscripts and those used in a previous study of the unique Visigothic Beato de Valcavado in Santa Cruz, Valladolid, completed in the year 970, which is noted for its quality of execution as well as its content and is remarkable eschatologically in being identifiable as the complete work of only a single scribe. For comparative purposes, the pigments and inks used in the Silos Monastery Beato and a series of historiated early manuscripts from mediaeval times through to the Renaissance also held in the monastic library were analysed. Raman spectroscopy identified a range of mineral and organic pigments such as cinnabar, orpiment, minium, azurite and indigo. In addition, a number of admixtures were found, for example, indigo and orpiment to produce vergaut (green) and a mixture of cinnabar with iron-gall ink and cerussite to produce darker and lighter shades of red. Some interesting conclusions were drawn about the use of iron-gall and carbon-based inks. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.

scholarly journals Raman spectroscopic analysis of archaeological specimens from the wreck of HMS Swift , 1770

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2082) ◽  
pp. 20160053
Author(s):  
Howell G. M. Edwards ◽  
Dolores Elkin ◽  
Marta S. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic Study ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Specimens from underwater archaeological excavations have rarely been analysed by Raman spectroscopy probably due to the problems associated with the presence of water and the use of alternative techniques. The discovery of the remains of the Royal Navy warship HMS Swift off the coast of Patagonia, South America, which was wrecked in 1770 while undertaking a survey from its base in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands, has afforded the opportunity for a first-pass Raman spectroscopic study of the contents of several glass jars from a wooden chest, some of which had suffered deterioration of their contents owing to leakage through their stoppers. From the Raman spectroscopic data, it was possible to identify organic compounds such as anthraquinone and copal resin, which were empirically used as materia medica in the eighteenth century to treat shipboard diseases; it seems very likely, therefore, that the wooden chest belonged to the barber-surgeon on the ship. Spectra were obtained from the wet and desiccated samples, but several samples from containers that had leaked were found to contain only minerals, such as aragonite and sediment. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.

scholarly journals Water Dispersible Few Layer Graphene Stabilized by a Novel Pyrene Derivative at Micromolar Concentration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Cunha ◽  
Maria Fernanda Proença ◽  
Maria Goreti Pereira ◽  
Maria José Fernandes ◽  
Robert Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Graphene Surface ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Quality Material ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

The search for graphene or few layer graphene production methods that are simple, allow mass production and yield good quality material continues to provoke intense investigation. The present work contributes through the study of the aqueous exfoliation of four types of graphene sources, namely graphite and graphite nanoflakes with different morphologies and geographical origin. The exfoliation was achieved in an aqueous solution of a soluble pyrene derivative that was synthesized to achieve maximum interaction with the graphene surface at low concentration (5 x 10-5 M). The yield of bilayer and few layer graphene obtained was quantified by Raman spectroscopic analysis and the adsorption of the pyrene derivative on the graphene surface was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The whole procedure was rationalized with the help of molecular modeling.

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of an Early 20th Century English Painted Organ Case by Temple Moore

Heritage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1148-1161
Author(s):  
Christopher Brooke ◽  
Howell Edwards ◽  
Peter Vandenabeele ◽  
Sylvia Lycke ◽  
Michelle Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic Analysis

An organ case from Lincoln, England, designed by the architect Temple Moore in 1907 was examined during conservation work using Raman spectroscopy in order to analyze the decorative paint composition. Samples from the six principal colours were extracted and examined using a Bruker Senterra R200-L spectrometer. The results are the first known formal analysis of a painted scheme by this architect, and they reveal a mixture of commonly used pigments for the period and the unexpected use of simpler, earth pigments, along with an unusual admixture in the red, along with an organic additive. The findings are of importance to both the conservation of Temple Moore’s artwork, in understanding the experimentation used in early twentieth-century England, and in furthering our knowledge of ecclesiastical decorative artwork of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

scholarly journals Comparing image analysis approaches versus expert readers: the relation of knee radiograph features to knee pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1606-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Minciullo ◽  
Matthew J Parkes ◽  
David T Felson ◽  
Timothy F Cootes
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Automated System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiographic Features ◽  
Random Forest Models ◽  
Using Data

ObjectivesThe relationship between radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis and knee pain has been weak. This may be because features that best discriminate knees with pain have not been included in analyses. We tested the correlation between knee pain and radiographic features taking into account both image analysis features and manual scores.MethodsUsing data of the Multicentre Osteoarthritis Study, we tested in a cross-sectional design how well X-ray features discriminated those with frequent knee pain (one question at one time) or consistent frequent knee pain (three questions at three times during the 2 weeks prior to imaging) from those without it. We trained random forest models on features from two radiographic views for classification.ResultsX-rays were better at classifying those with pain using three questions compared with one. When we used all manual radiographic features, the area under the curve (AUC) was 73.9%. Using the best model from automated image analyses or a combination of these and manual grades, no improvement over manual grading was found.ConclusionsX-ray changes of OA are more strongly associated with repeated reports of knee pain than pain reported once. In addition, a fully automated system that assessed features not scored on X-ray performed no better than manual grading of features.

Jervisite, NaScSi2O6: Optical Data, Morphology, Raman Spectroscopy, and Crystal Chemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Pietro Vignola ◽  
Nicola Rotiroti ◽  
Frédéric Hatert ◽  
Danilo Bersani ◽  
Sergio Andò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Natural Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions

Abstract The crystal structure of jervisite, ideally NaScSi2O6, was refined using single-crystal X-ray data collected using a crystal from the Seula quarry (Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola province, Italy). The refinement was carried out in the C2/c space group giving the following unit-cell dimensions: a = 9.8478(2) Å, b = 9.0575(1) Å, c = 5.3409(3) Å, β = 106.87(2)°, and V = 455.89(2) Å3 for Z = 4. The previous crystal structure, refined using data from a synthetic analogue and a natural sample, was confirmed and conforms with that of aegirine. The bond-valence calculation and the refined occupancy of the M1 and M2 sites confirm the cation distribution adopted in the empirical formula. Raman spectroscopy and refractive index measurements were also performed, and the morphology was studied in order to provide a complete description of this Sc-bearing Na pyroxene.

scholarly journals Fiber enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis as a novel method for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases related to hyperbilirubinemia and hyperbiliverdinemia

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (21) ◽  
pp. 6104-6115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Yan ◽  
Christian Domes ◽  
Robert Domes ◽  
Timea Frosch ◽  
Jürgen Popp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Chemically Selective ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic Analysis

Fiber enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (FERS) is introduced for chemically selective and ultrasensitive analysis of the biomolecules hematin, hemoglobin, biliverdin, and bilirubin, as well as intact red blood cells.

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