scholarly journals Cancer Metastases: Early Dissemination and Late Recurrences

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CGM.S31244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Friberg ◽  
Andreas Nystrom
Keyword(s):  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Tumor Growth Rate ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Original Host ◽  
Metastatic Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastases ◽  
Cancer Tumor

Background Metastatic cells from a primary tumor can occur before the primary cancer is detected. Metastatic cells can also remain in the patient for many years after removal of the primary tumor without proliferating. These dormant malignant cells can awaken and cause recurrent disease decades after the primary treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical evidence for early dissemination and late recurrences in human malignant tumors. We used the following definitions: dormancy of cells may be defined as a nonproliferating state or an arrest in the cell cycle that results in a prolonged G0 phase. If one accepts the term “late metastases” to indicate a period exceeding 10 years from the removal of the primary tumor, then the two malignancies in which this occurs most frequently are cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched with the keywords “metastases,” “early dissemination,” “late recurrences,” “inadvertently transmitted cancer,” “tumor growth rate,” “dormancy,” “circulating tumor cells,” and “transplantation of cancer.” Results Several case reports of early dissemination and late recurrences of various types of malignancies were found. Analyses of the growth rates of several malignant tumors in the original host indicated that the majority of cancers had metastasized years before they were detected. CMM, RCC, and malignant glioblastoma were the three most common malignancies resulting from an organ transplantation. CMM and RCC were also the two most common malignancies that showed dormancy. In several cases of transplanted CMM and RCC, the donor did not have any known malignancy or had had the malignancy removed so long ago that the donor was regarded as cured. Conclusion (1) Metastases can frequently exist prior to the detection of the primary tumor. (2) Metastatic cells may reside in organs in the original host that are not usually the site of detectable secondary tumors, for example, the kidneys and heart. (3) Metastatic cells remain dormant for decades after the primary tumor has been removed. (4) Dormancy might be reversible and lead to late recurrences.

scholarly journals Metastasis Model of Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hager Mansour ◽  
Ghmkin Hassan ◽  
Said M. Afify ◽  
Ting Yan ◽  
Akimasa Seno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Cells ◽  
Metastasis Model ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Cell Conditioned Medium

Metastasis includes the dissemination of cancer cells from a malignant tumor and seed in distant sites inside the body forming secondary tumors. Metastatic cells from the primary tumor can move even before the cancer is detected. Therefore, metastases are responsible for more than 90% of cancer-related deaths. Over recent decades there has been adequate evidence suggesting the existence of CSCs with self-renewing and drug-resistant potency within heterogeneous tumors. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) act as a tumor initiating cells and have roles in tumor retrieve and metastasis. Our group recently developed a unique CSC model from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells cultured in the presence of cancer cell-conditioned medium that mimics tumors microenvironment. Using this model, we demonstrated a new method for studying metastasis by intraperitoneal transplantation of tumors and investigate the metastasis ability of cells from these segments. First of all, CSCs were injected subcutaneously in nude mice. The developed malignant tumors were minimized then transplanted into the peritoneal cavity. Following this, the developed tumor in addition to lung, pancreas and liver were then excised and analyzed. Our method showed the metastatic potential of CSCs with the ability of disseminated and moving to blood circulation and seeding in distant organs such as lung and pancreas. This method could provide a good model to study the mechanisms of metastasis according to CSC theory.

In Vitro Cancer Metastasis Induced by Mechanical Force

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tang ◽  
Taher Saif
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Medicine Development ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Reason

Based on the American Cancer Society’s report at 2004, after 50-year’s efforts in bio-chemical medicine development, the U.S.A. cancer mortality is 193.9 per 100,000 persons, which is not significantly reduced from that at 1950, 185.8 per 100,000 persons. One critical reason for the clinical inefficacy is that it is not identified what signals trigger the onset of metastasis. 90% of cancer deaths are caused by metastases (1–6). During metastasis, malignant cancer cells detach from the parent cancer tumor to invade new organs (5–7). Although the primary tumor can be readily removed by surgery if detected in time, metastasis cannot be cured effectively due to the presence of numerous secondary tumors. Here we present, for the first time, that cancer cells can exhibit metastasis like phenotype (MLP) in vitro when they are experiencing appropriate mechanical stimuli.

scholarly journals Inactivation of EMILIN-1 by Proteolysis and Secretion in Small Extracellular Vesicles Favors Melanoma Progression and Metastasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7406
Author(s):  
Ana Amor López ◽  
Marina S. Mazariegos ◽  
Alessandra Capuano ◽  
Pilar Ximénez-Embún ◽  
Marta Hergueta-Redondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Tumor Growth ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

Several studies have demonstrated that melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in lymph node metastasis; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not completely defined. Here, we found that EMILIN-1 is proteolyzed and secreted in small EVs (sEVs) as a novel mechanism to reduce its intracellular levels favoring metastasis in mouse melanoma lymph node metastatic cells. Interestingly, we observed that EMILIN-1 has intrinsic tumor and metastasis suppressive-like properties reducing effective migration, cell viability, primary tumor growth, and metastasis. Overall, our analysis suggests that the inactivation of EMILIN-1 by proteolysis and secretion in sEVs reduce its intrinsic tumor suppressive activities in melanoma favoring tumor progression and metastasis.

Immunosuppression by Murine Sarcoma Virus (Moloney)

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
S. P. Chan ◽  
W. A. Hook ◽  
W. Turner ◽  
M. A. Chirigos
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Humoral Antibody ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Murine Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Erythrocyte Antigen ◽  
Murine Sarcoma

Infection of mice with the murine sarcoma virus (Moloney) markedly suppressed the humoral antibody response to sheep erythrocyte antigen injected 10 days after infection, when tumor size was maximal, and on day 26, when primary tumors had partially regressed. Humoral antibody response was also inhibited when antigen was injected at the time secondary tumors and metastases were evident. No significant suppression of humoral antibody was seen when mice were injected with sheep erythrocyte antigen 5 days after virus infection. Inhibition of the cellular immune response of murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)-infected mice, as measured by the increased survival time of skin grafts, was also determined. Mice that were infected 5 days prior to grafting demonstrated prolonged survival of grafts, suggesting a suppression of cellular immunity. These mice had a graft survival time 14 days greater than noninfected controls. No significant prolongation of graft survival was seen in mice grafted at the times of maximum primary tumor growth, of primary tumor regression, or when secondary tumors had appeared.

Metastatic Tumors to the Spleen

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Lam ◽  
Victor Tang
Keyword(s):  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Primary Tumor Site ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Splenic Parenchyma ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Splenic Metastases ◽  
Esophageal Carcinomas

Abstract Objective.—The clinicopathologic features of splenic metastases have seldom been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological impact of splenic metastases. Case Material.—We reviewed the clinical/autopsy records and pathologic features of 92 Chinese patients (58 men, 34 women) with secondary nonlymphoid splenic tumors recorded during a 25-year period. Results.—The incidence of splenic secondary tumors at autopsy was 0.6% and at splenectomy, 1.1%. The lesions were often seen in elderly patients (mean age, 60 years). Seven (8%) of the splenic lesions were symptomatic. The symptomatic splenic lesions, as compared with asymptomatic lesions, were bigger and were found more often in women and younger patients. Two patients experienced spontaneous splenic rupture because of metastatic carcinoma. Eighty-seven (95%) of the secondary splenic tumors were carcinomas. Lung was the most common primary tumor site (21%), followed by the stomach (16%), pancreas (12%), liver (9%), and colon (9%). Rarely reported sources of primary tumor, such as esophageal carcinomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and choriocarcinoma, were also found. Splenic metastases could be identified macroscopically in 74 (80%) of our patients. Grossly, splenic metastases involved the splenic capsule (n = 8) or were solitary (n = 31), multiple (n = 30), or diffuse (n = 8) lesions in the splenic parenchyma. Isolated splenic metastases were noted in 5.3% of the metastases found at autopsy. Many of the metastatic lesions in the spleen were identified shortly after primary tumors were detected (mean latent period, 6.7 months). The time from diagnosis of the primary tumor to metastasis to the spleen was more than 2 years in 14 patients. Conclusions.—Splenic metastases are uncommon. A variety of clinical and pathologic patterns were noted in our series.

scholarly journals Primary Oral Malignant Melanoma: Two Case Reports and Review of Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Oral Region ◽  
Rare Neoplasm ◽  
Oral Malignant Melanoma

Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare neoplasm. The tumors tend to metastasize or locally invade tissue more readily than other malignant tumors in the oral region. The survival of patients with mucosal melanomas is less than for those with cutaneous melanomas. Tumor size and metastases are related to the prognosis of the disease. Early detection, therefore, is important.

scholarly journals Patient with Metastatic Process in the Skeleton of Unknown Etiology

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Majerníková M ◽  
Sedláček J ◽  
Monhart Z
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Kidney Tumor ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Benign Process ◽  
Metastatic Process

Bearing bone involvement is a possible sign of generalization variety of cancers. In many cases the process of bearing skeletal diagnosed at the time when the primary tumor is not obvious. The task of the physician is quickly to determine whether it is a benign process or not, and diagnosis of the primary process by which then determine the further progress of therapy. The search for causative bearing shell process, alternatively the primary tumor, is often common practice in the hands of internist. Departments of Clinical Oncology do not have to have sufficient capacity for complex treatment all of newly discovered deposits skeleton whose nature does not have to be always initially clear. Therefore, in the opinion of the authors in these cases, the role of internist as a significant diagnosis very important In our article, we introduce six case reports of patients who were bearing the ambiguous process of investigation of the skeleton in our department in 2014. In accordance with the literature data were represented kidney tumor, multiple myeloma, chondrosarcoma, and in one case the origo malignant process was not found.

scholarly journals Radiation therapy for oligometastatic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N.  V. Dengina ◽  
T. V. Mitin ◽  
I.  V. Tsimafeyeu ◽  
S.  V. Usychkin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Local Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oligometastatic Cancer

Current approaches to the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant tumors have changed significantly over the past decade. Instead of a purely palliative systemic or just supportive therapy, a large proportion of patients receive an aggressive local treatment directed not only to the primary tumor, but also to metastatic foci, and a number of studies demonstrate the advantage of such approach. This review provides information on the role of radiation therapy as a local method of treatment of cancer patients with oligometastases.

Malignant Tumors of the Spleen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Paniccia ◽  
Brandon Chapman ◽  
Ana Gleisner
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Diseases ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Radiologic Imaging ◽  
Splenic Tumor ◽  
Myeloproliferative Diseases ◽  
Splenic Lymphoma

Malignant tumors of the spleen are rare lesions that can be divided into three broad categories: lymphoproliferative diseases, metastatic lesions, and primary splenic (nonlymphoid) malignant neoplasms. Additionally, although myeloproliferative diseases are not tumors of the spleen, they do have the potential to either directly or indirectly affect splenic function, often manifesting as splenomegaly, hypersplenism, or both. Lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative diseases are almost always systemic diseases. Consequently, medical therapy is the primary treatment, and splenectomy is currently reserved for patients with hematologic disorders refractory to medical management—for palliation of symptoms caused by splenomegaly or hypersplenism—and in the rare case of the pure splenic form of the disease. Patients affected by malignant splenic lesions often present with vague symptomatology, including generalized malaise, fatigue, weight loss, and fever. These symptoms may be accompanied by abdominal pain, a palpable left upper quadrant mass, or overt splenomegaly. Radiologic imaging, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, is mandatory in the evaluation of splenic tumors and may narrow the differential diagnosis. Management of splenic metastases should be individualized and, whenever possible, determined in a multidisciplinary setting. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with primary malignant tumors of the spleen in the absence of metastatic disease.  This review contains 10 figures, 8 tables and 51 references Key words: angiosarcoma, leukemia, malignant splenic tumor, metastatic splenic tumor, spleen, splenectomy, splenic lymphoma  

Plasminogen Activator (PA) Activity In Metastatic Cells: An Amidolytic Approach

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Coen ◽  
A Bini ◽  
G Balconi ◽  
F Delaini ◽  
L Mussoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Mechanical Disruption ◽  
Metastatic Cells ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Selection Of

It has been proposed that fibrinolytic activity can play an important role in the process of metastasis formation. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear in which phase of the tumor growth and dissemination this activity is involved. We measured the fibrinolytic activity of cells from primary tumor and metastatic nodules of 3LL, an i.m. implanted murine tumor which selectively metastasizes to the lungs. Tumor cells have been studied both immediately after mechanical disruption of tumor tissue and after in vitro culturing to confluence. Their P.A. activity was tested by an amidolytic assay in which cells were incubated with purified plasminogen (3CU/ml) and 4mM S-2251 (Kabi Diagnostica, Stockholm, Sweden), a plasmin specific chromogenic substrate. After 3 hour incubation at 37°C, the reaction was stopped with acetic acid and absorbance read at 405 nm.Cells from the primary tumor and metastatic nodules showed a similar fibrinolytic activity, which was in both cases in- increased 3 to 4 fold in cell extracts obtained after preincubation with TRITON X-100. A dose-response curve plotted with increasing urokinase concentrations showed a parallel course. This data suggests that, in the 3LL model, PA activity is not one of the properties characterizing the selection of metastatic cells.On the other hand,cultured cells presented consistently higher levels of PA than their native counterparts, suggesting that adhesion of cells in culture may stimulate PA production or, alternatively, that cultured cells are a selected population in comparison to the overall number of native cells.

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