Lipases and Related Molecules in Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CGM.S2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Staege ◽  
Manuela Hesse ◽  
Daniela Max
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Function ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Immunological Treatment ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Serine Esterases ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Single Tumor ◽  
Tumor Entities

Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of lipids. Based on protein structures and sequences, lipases can be classified into different protein families. The majority of conventional mammalian lipases are members of the protein super-families of serine esterases and alpha-beta hydrolases. Differential expression of lipases and related alpha-beta hydrolases in tumor cells has been observed. The physiological or patho-physiological functions of these tumor related enzymes are largely unknown. However, lipases are not only involved in energy metabolism but also in the metabolism of bioactive molecules, e.g. phosphatidic acid or arachidonic acid, suggesting that tumor-specifically expressed lipases might be interesting targets for the development of future treatment strategies. Moreover, independent of the patho-physiological function, tumor associated lipases can serve as targets for immunological treatment strategies. In addition, lipases with exclusive expression in single tumor entities can serve as potential diagnostic targets.

The Role of Glyoxalase in Glycation and Carbonyl Stress Induced Metabolic Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 846-859
Author(s):  
Mohd Saeed ◽  
Mohd Adnan Kausar ◽  
Rajeev Singh ◽  
Arif J. Siddiqui ◽  
Asma Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Carbonyl Stress ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Age Related

Glycation refers to the covalent binding of sugar molecules to macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids in a non-enzymatic reaction, resulting in the formation of irreversibly bound products known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are synthesized in high amounts both in pathological conditions, such as diabetes and under physiological conditions resulting in aging. The body’s anti-glycation defense mechanisms play a critical role in removing glycated products. However, if this defense system fails, AGEs start accumulating, which results in pathological conditions. Studies have been shown that increased accumulation of AGEs acts as key mediators in multiple diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis, decreased skin elasticity, male erectile dysfunction, pulmonary fibrosis, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, glycation of nucleotides, proteins, and phospholipids by α-oxoaldehyde metabolites, such as glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO), causes potential damage to the genome, proteome, and lipidome. Glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1) acts as a part of the anti-glycation defense system by carrying out detoxification of GO and MGO. It has been demonstrated that GLO-1 protects dicarbonyl modifications of the proteome and lipidome, thereby impeding the cell signaling and affecting age-related diseases. Its relationship with detoxification and anti-glycation defense is well established. Glycation of proteins by MGO and GO results in protein misfolding, thereby affecting their structure and function. These findings provide evidence for the rationale that the functional modulation of the GLO pathway could be used as a potential therapeutic target. In the present review, we summarized the newly emerged literature on the GLO pathway, including enzymes regulating the process. In addition, we described small bioactive molecules with the potential to modulate the GLO pathway, thereby providing a basis for the development of new treatment strategies against age-related complications.

scholarly journals Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of tannase fromLactobacillus plantarum

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingbo Wu ◽  
Xiaohong Peng ◽  
Hua Wen ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Qianming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ester Bond ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vapour Diffusion ◽  
Serine Esterases ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Tannase catalyses the hydrolysis of the galloyl ester bond of tannins to release gallic acid. It belongs to the serine esterases and has wide applications in the food, feed, beverage, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The tannase fromLactobacillus plantarumwas cloned, expressed and purified. The protein was crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method with microseeding. The crystals belonged to space groupP1, with unit-cell paramtersa= 46.5,b= 62.8,c= 83.8 Å, α = 70.4, β = 86.0, γ = 79.4°. Although the enzyme exists mainly as a monomer in solution, it forms a dimer in the asymmetric unit of the crystal. The crystals diffracted to beyond 1.60 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation and a complete data set was collected to 1.65 Å resolution.

scholarly journals Acid Hydrolysis of Some alpha,beta-Unsaturated Aliphatic Esters.

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1355-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero A. Halonen ◽  
Agneta Rosenberg ◽  
H. I. Waterman ◽  
N. A. Eliasson ◽  
B. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Aliphatic Esters ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Incorporation of Biosolids as Water Replacement in a Two-Step Renewable Hydrocarbon Process: Hydrolysis of Brown Grease with Biosolids

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 6769-6780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xia ◽  
Michael Chae ◽  
Justice Asomaning ◽  
Mehdi Omidghane ◽  
Chengyong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Replacement ◽  
Brown Grease ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract The accumulating volumes of biosolids in lagoons worldwide have intensified the need to develop innovative wastewater treatment strategies. Here, we provide proof-of-concept for the incorporation of biosolids into the hydrolysis step of a two-step thermal conversion of lipids for production of renewable hydrocarbons, which can be utilized as renewable fuels. Brown grease was hydrolysed with biosolids or water at 260–280 °C for 60 min at a mass ratio of 1:1 feed to water or biosolids. The feedstock and products were characterized using various analytical techniques to compare the performance of biosolids to water. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the degree of hydrolysis of brown grease when biosolids was used as water replacement. The fatty acids composition after hydrolysis when biosolids was used as a water replacement also remained largely unchanged. Hydrolysis of brown grease with biosolids could be achieved at pH ranging from 3.3 to 8.9, and at a lower than previously established temperature. Significantly, the rapid settling of solid material in biosolids observed after thermal hydrolysis of brown grease may reduce the necessity of biosolids settling lagoons. Thus, incorporation of biosolids into a lipid hydrolysis-pyrolysis process may simultaneously benefit the biofuel and waste management sectors. Graphic Abstract

Structure and reactivity of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ethers. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of alkenyl alkyl ethers

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (23) ◽  
pp. 5826-5831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi. Okuyama ◽  
Takayuki. Fueno ◽  
Hiroshi. Nakatsuji ◽  
Junji. Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Alkyl Ethers ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Scaffolding Strategies for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pina ◽  
Viviana P. Ribeiro ◽  
Catarina F. Marques ◽  
F. Raquel Maia ◽  
Tiago H. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Preclinical Research

During the past two decades, tissue engineering and the regenerative medicine field have invested in the regeneration and reconstruction of pathologically altered tissues, such as cartilage, bone, skin, heart valves, nerves and tendons, and many others. The 3D structured scaffolds and hydrogels alone or combined with bioactive molecules or genes and cells are able to guide the development of functional engineered tissues, and provide mechanical support during in vivo implantation. Naturally derived and synthetic polymers, bioresorbable inorganic materials, and respective hybrids, and decellularized tissue have been considered as scaffolding biomaterials, owing to their boosted structural, mechanical, and biological properties. A diversity of biomaterials, current treatment strategies, and emergent technologies used for 3D scaffolds and hydrogel processing, and the tissue-specific considerations for scaffolding for Tissue engineering (TE) purposes are herein highlighted and discussed in depth. The newest procedures focusing on the 3D behavior and multi-cellular interactions of native tissues for further use for in vitro model processing are also outlined. Completed and ongoing preclinical research trials for TE applications using scaffolds and hydrogels, challenges, and future prospects of research in the regenerative medicine field are also presented.

scholarly journals Immobilization of urease enzyme on nanoceria modifies secondary and tertiary protein structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim ◽  
Muneer Kadhem Khudhair ◽  
Eric Anderson Grulke
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Tertiary Structures ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. The increase in pH from the urease reaction causes a broad range of deleterious effects. Nanoceria (cerium oxide) possesses unique chemical properties under a redox reaction. This study investigated the synthesis of nanoceria via a hydrothermal method and determined its interaction with urease enzyme. Transmission electron microscopy results showed a cubic-figured nanoceria with a size of ~15 nm. Urease was immobilized on nanoceria through adsorption. The maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) of the free urease and urease immobilized on nanoceria decreased after interaction with nanoceria, and the Lineweaver-Burk plot showed an uncompetitive inhibition. The thermodynamic study of the adsorption process showed an endothermic reaction. The interaction changed the secondary and tertiary structures of urease as demonstrated by the circular dichroism study (the decrease in both α- and β-structure percentages). The fluorescence study revealed a change in the tertiary structure. The FTIR for the nanoceria—urease complex showed no changes in the covalent bonds, which indicated the involvement of physical forces in the interaction between urease and nanoceria.

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