scholarly journals Molecular Imaging of Proteases in Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CGM.S2814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunan Yang ◽  
Hao Hong ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Weibo Cai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Probes

Proteases play important roles during tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Various molecular imaging techniques have been employed for protease imaging: optical (both fluorescence and bioluminescence), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). In this review, we will summarize the current status of imaging proteases in cancer with these techniques. Optical imaging of proteases, in particular with fluorescence, is the most intensively validated and many of the imaging probes are already commercially available. It is generally agreed that the use of activatable probes is the most accurate and appropriate means for measuring protease activity. Molecular imaging of proteases with other techniques (i.e. MRI, SPECT, and PET) has not been well-documented in the literature which certainly deserves much future effort. Optical imaging and molecular MRI of protease activity has very limited potential for clinical investigation. PET/SPECT imaging is suitable for clinical investigation; however the optimal probes for PET/SPECT imaging of proteases in cancer have yet to be developed. Successful development of protease imaging probes with optimal in vivo stability, tumor targeting efficacy, and desirable pharmacokinetics for clinical translation will eventually improve cancer patient management. Not limited to cancer, these protease-targeted imaging probes will also have broad applications in other diseases such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial-Targeted Molecular Imaging in Cardiac Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Li ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
You Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Molecular Imaging Probes ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Targeted Molecular Imaging

The present study aimed to discuss the role of mitochondrion in cardiac function and disease. The mitochondrion plays a fundamental role in cellular processes ranging from metabolism to apoptosis. The mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging could potentially illustrate changes in global and regional cardiac dysfunction. The collective changes that occur in mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging probes have been widely explored and developed. As probes currently used in the preclinical setting still have a lot of shortcomings, the development of myocardial metabolic activity, viability, perfusion, and blood flow molecular imaging probes holds great potential for accurately evaluating the myocardial viability and functional reserve. The advantages of molecular imaging provide a perspective on investigating the mitochondrial function of the myocardium in vivo noninvasively and quantitatively. The molecular imaging tracers of single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography could give more detailed information on myocardial metabolism and restoration. In this study, series mitochondrial-targeted99mTc-,123I-, and18F-labeled tracers displayed broad applications because they could provide a direct link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac disease.

scholarly journals Radiolabeling of Nucleic Acid Aptamers for Highly Sensitive Disease-Specific Molecular Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Hassanzadeh ◽  
Suxiang Chen ◽  
Rakesh Veedu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotide ligand molecules with a unique three-dimensional shape, capable of binding to a defined molecular target with high affinity and specificity. Since their discovery, aptamers have been developed for various applications, including molecular imaging, particularly nuclear imaging that holds the highest potential for the clinical translation of aptamer-based molecular imaging probes. Their easy laboratory production without any batch-to-batch variations, their high stability, their small size with no immunogenicity and toxicity, and their flexibility to incorporate various functionalities without compromising the target binding affinity and specificity make aptamers an attractive class of targeted-imaging agents. Aptamer technology has been utilized in nuclear medicine imaging techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), as highly sensitive and accurate biomedical imaging modalities towards clinical diagnostic applications. However, for aptamer-targeted PET and SPECT imaging, conjugation of appropriate radionuclides to aptamers is crucial. This review summarizes various strategies to link the radionuclides to chemically modified aptamers to accomplish aptamer-targeted PET and SPECT imaging.

SPECT Scan in Somatization Disorder Patients: An Exploratory Study of Eleven Cases

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Garcia-Campayo ◽  
Concepcion Sanz-Carrillo ◽  
Teresa Baringo ◽  
Concepción Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Somatization Disorder ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Objective: There are no previous studies using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans in somatization disorder (SD) patients. The aim of this paper is to assess SPECT imaging abnormalities in SD patients and study any relation to laterality. Method: Eleven SD patients from the Somatization Disorder Unit of Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain, not fulfilling criteria for any other psychiatric disorder and showing normal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were studied with SPECT. Patients with DSM-IV axis I comorbidity were ruled out because it has been demonstrated that SPECT scans can show abnormalities in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. The technique used for SPECT was 99mTc-D,1,hexamethylpropyleneamide- oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) in four patients and 99mTc-bicisate in the other seven. The SPECT scans were evaluated without knowledge of clinical data and entirely by visual inspection. Results: Seven out of 11 (63.6%) SD patients showed hypoperfusion in SPECT imaging. In four cases there was hypoperfusion in the non-dominant hemisphere and the predominance of pain symptoms took place in the contralateral hemibody. In the other three patients hypoperfusion was bilateral. The anatomical regions affected were cerebellum (four cases), frontal and prefrontal areas (three cases), temporoparietal areas (two cases) and the complete hemisphere (one case). Conclusions: A proportion of SD patients may present hypoperfusion in SPECT images, uni- or bilaterally, in different brain areas. Possible aetiological explanations for this finding are discussed. Controlled studies are necessary to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Radionuclide-Based Imaging of Breast Cancer: State of the Art

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Huiling Li ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Lujie Yuan ◽  
Kevin Fan ◽  
Yongxue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Perspective

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that can affect women worldwide and endanger their health and wellbeing. Early detection of breast cancer can significantly improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients, but with traditional anatomical imagine methods, it is difficult to detect lesions before morphological changes occur. Radionuclide-based molecular imaging based on positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) displays its advantages for detecting breast cancer from a functional perspective. Radionuclide labeling of small metabolic compounds can be used for imaging biological processes, while radionuclide labeling of ligands/antibodies can be used for imaging receptors. Noninvasive visualization of biological processes helps elucidate the metabolic state of breast cancer, while receptor-targeted radionuclide molecular imaging is sensitive and specific for visualization of the overexpressed molecular markers in breast cancer, contributing to early diagnosis and better management of cancer patients. The rapid development of radionuclide probes aids the diagnosis of breast cancer in various aspects. These probes target metabolism, amino acid transporters, cell proliferation, hypoxia, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and so on. This article provides an overview of the development of radionuclide molecular imaging techniques present in preclinical or clinical studies, which are used as tools for early breast cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Introduction to Infrared and Raman-Based Biomedical Molecular Imaging and Comparison with Other Modalities

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5547
Author(s):  
Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Raman Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Molecular imaging has rapidly developed to answer the need of image contrast in medical diagnostic imaging to go beyond morphological information to include functional differences in imaged tissues at the cellular and molecular levels. Vibrational (infrared (IR) and Raman) imaging has rapidly emerged among the molecular imaging modalities available, due to its label-free combination of high spatial resolution with chemical specificity. This article presents the physical basis of vibrational spectroscopy and imaging, followed by illustration of their preclinical in vitro applications in body fluids and cells, ex vivo tissues and in vivo small animals and ending with a brief discussion of their clinical translation. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of IR/Raman imaging with the other main modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/single-photon emission-computed tomography (PET/SPECT), ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), the design of multimodal probes combining vibrational imaging with other modalities is discussed, illustrated by some preclinical proof-of-concept examples.

Functional Neuroimaging: A Transformative Tool for Integrative Psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abass Alavi ◽  
Andrew B. Newberg
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Integrative Psychiatry ◽  
Integrative Therapies

Functional neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be highly useful in the evaluation and management of patients with psychiatric disorders. PET and SPECT imaging typically evaluate cerebral metabolism and blood flow, respectively, and can determine patterns associated with different disorders such as depression or schizophrenia. PET and SPECT imaging can also evaluate neurotransmitter changes such as dopamine or serotonin associated with different psychiatric disorders. fMRI is an excellent tool for studying the effects of psychiatric disorders on specific brain processes related to cognition and mood. fMRI activations studies allow researchers to present various stimuli to a subject in order to determine how the brain reacts and whether psychiatric disorders are associated with different brain reactivity patterns. Functional neuroimaging with PET, SPECT, and fMRI can be highly useful in the investigation of the mechanism of action of integrative therapies for psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT Predicts the Outcome of Endostar and Cisplatin Therapy in Xenograft Animals

Dose-Response ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581988254
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Guifu He ◽  
Mingming Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Hongmei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Antiangiogenic Therapy ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Cisplatin Therapy

Aims: Our study was designed to investigate the usefulness of 99mTc-3PRGD2 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for noninvasively monitoring the response of integrin αvβ3 expression to antiangiogenic treatment with endostar and cisplatin in xenograft animals. Methods: 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging was performed at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Tumors were harvested at all imaging time points for Western blotting and histopathological analysis. Result: In 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging, the radioactivity accumulation of NaCl group rised gradually in the first half and dispersed on day 21 due to the necrosis of the tumor. While the radioactivity accumulation of treated groups gradually decreased throughout the course. The downtrend of tumor to nontumor ratio in endostar-treated group was more remarkable than cisplatin-treated group. The expression of intergrin αvβ3 of treated groups was lower than NaCl group from day 14. The expression of intergrin αvβ3 of endostar-treated group was significantly lower than cisplatin-treated group from baseline onward. Conclusion: It’s demonstrated that the 99mTc-3PRGD2 could noninvasively visualize and semiquantify tumor angiogenesis in the xenograft model and monitor the response to the antiangiogenic therapy of endostar and cisplatin effectively. It also can predict the outcome of endostar and cisplatin therapy in xenograft animals.

scholarly journals Ocular Biodistribution Studies Using Molecular Imaging

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Castro-Balado ◽  
Cristina Mondelo-García ◽  
Miguel González-Barcia ◽  
Irene Zarra-Ferro ◽  
Francisco J Otero-Espinar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Biodistribution Studies

Classical methodologies used in ocular pharmacokinetics studies have difficulties to obtain information about topical and intraocular distribution and clearance of drugs and formulations. This is associated with multiple factors related to ophthalmic physiology, as well as the complexity and invasiveness intrinsic to the sampling. Molecular imaging is a new diagnostic discipline for in vivo imaging, which is emerging and spreading rapidly. Recent developments in molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow obtaining reliable pharmacokinetic data, which can be translated into improving the permanence of the ophthalmic drugs in its action site, leading to dosage optimisation. They can be used to study either topical or intraocular administration. With these techniques it is possible to obtain real-time visualisation, localisation, characterisation and quantification of the compounds after their administration, all in a reliable, safe and non-invasive way. None of these novel techniques presents simultaneously high sensitivity and specificity, but it is possible to study biological procedures with the information provided when the techniques are combined. With the results obtained, it is possible to assume that molecular imaging techniques are postulated as a resource with great potential for the research and development of new drugs and ophthalmic delivery systems.

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