Future of Bone Repair

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. BTRI.S12333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Somaiya ◽  
Ginpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Bone Injury ◽  
Preclinical Trials ◽  
New Research

Bone can suffer from various conditions such as fractures and diseases such as osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta and tumors. Osteoporosis globally causes >8.9 million fractures each year. Current epidemiological data relevant to this and other diseases urge us to focus critically on promising and efficacious treatments for bone injury. Because of the limitations of conventional treatments for bone fracture, such as limited quantity for autograft, there is a demand to investigate better alternatives for bone healing. The main aim of this review is to highlight repair of bone injury, particularly focusing on several new research methods studied in preclinical trials and in vitro. New research methods such as low-level laser therapy, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy, nanomaterials, biodegradable hydrogels, extracellular matrix-mimetic materials, and controlled delivery of growth factors from polymer scaffolds look promising for bone healing, and further clinical studies are suggested that use them in routine bone repair treatment in the near future.

scholarly journals Interactions between MSCs and Immune Cells: Implications for Bone Healing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy K. Kovach ◽  
Abhijit S. Dighe ◽  
Peter I. Lobo ◽  
Quanjun Cui
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

It is estimated that, of the 7.9 million fractures sustained in the United States each year, 5% to 20% result in delayed or impaired healing requiring therapeutic intervention. Following fracture injury, there is an initial inflammatory response that plays a crucial role in bone healing; however, prolonged inflammation is inhibitory for fracture repair. The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. Some cytokines are reported to be proosteogenic while others inhibit bone healing. Cell-based therapy utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an attractive option for augmenting the fracture repair process. Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. In this paper, we review the current literature on bothin vitroandin vivostudies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. Insight into this paradigm can provide valuable clues in identifying cellular and noncellular targets that can potentially be modulated to enhance both natural bone healing and bone repair augmented by the exogenous addition of MSCs.

scholarly journals Direct contribution of skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitors to bone repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anais Julien ◽  
Anuya Kanagalingam ◽  
Ester Martínez-Sarrà ◽  
Jérome Megret ◽  
Marine Luka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Fibrotic Response ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitors ◽  
Fibrotic Tissue ◽  
Bone Injury ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Musculoskeletal Trauma

AbstractBone regenerates by activation of tissue resident stem/progenitor cells, formation of a fibrous callus followed by deposition of cartilage and bone matrices. Here, we show that mesenchymal progenitors residing in skeletal muscle adjacent to bone mediate the initial fibrotic response to bone injury and also participate in cartilage and bone formation. Combined lineage and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses reveal that skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitors adopt a fibrogenic fate before they engage in chondrogenesis after fracture. In polytrauma, where bone and skeletal muscle are injured, skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitors exhibit altered fibrogenesis and chondrogenesis. This leads to impaired bone healing, which is due to accumulation of fibrotic tissue originating from skeletal muscle and can be corrected by the anti-fibrotic agent Imatinib. These results elucidate the central role of skeletal muscle in bone regeneration and provide evidence that skeletal muscle can be targeted to prevent persistent callus fibrosis and improve bone healing after musculoskeletal trauma.

scholarly journals Zn-Containing Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration in Dentistry

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Manuel Toledano ◽  
Marta Vallecillo-Rivas ◽  
María T. Osorio ◽  
Esther Muñoz-Soto ◽  
Manuel Toledano-Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Guided Bone Regeneration ◽  
M2 Macrophage

Barrier membranes are employed in guided bone regeneration (GBR) to facilitate bone in-growth. A bioactive and biomimetic Zn-doped membrane with the ability to participate in bone healing and regeneration is necessary. The aim of the present study is to state the effect of doping the membranes for GBR with zinc compounds in the improvement of bone regeneration. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, DIMDI, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. A narrative exploratory review was undertaken, focusing on the antibacterial effects, physicochemical and biological properties of Zn-loaded membranes. Bioactivity, bone formation and cytotoxicity were analyzed. Microstructure and mechanical properties of these membranes were also determined. Zn-doped membranes have inhibited in vivo and in vitro bacterial colonization. Zn-alloy and Zn-doped membranes attained good biocompatibility and were found to be non-toxic to cells. The Zn-doped matrices showed feasible mechanical properties, such as flexibility, strength, complex modulus and tan delta. Zn incorporation in polymeric membranes provided the highest regenerative efficiency for bone healing in experimental animals, potentiating osteogenesis, angiogenesis, biological activity and a balanced remodeling. Zn-loaded membranes doped with SiO2 nanoparticles have performed as bioactive modulators provoking an M2 macrophage increase and are a potential biomaterial for promoting bone repair. Zn-doped membranes have promoted pro-healing phenotypes.

Tissue Engineering Strategies to Promote Bone Repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 2495-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Margaux Collignon ◽  
Gaël Y. Rochefort
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Local Bone ◽  
Bone Injury ◽  
Autologous Bone

Bone displays an amazing capacity for endogenous self-remodeling. However, compromised bone healing and recovering is on the ascent because of population aging, expanding rate of bone injury and the clinical requirement for the advancement of elective choices to autologous bone unions. Current strategies, including biomolecules, cell treatments, biomaterials and diverse combinations of these, are presently created to encourage the vascularization and the engraftment of the grafts, to reproduce at last a bone tissue with similar properties and attributes of the local bone. In this review, we look through the current techniques that are right now created, utilizing biomolecules, cells and biomaterials, to initiate, coordinate and potentiate bone regeneration and healing after damage and further talk about the natural procedures related with this repair.

scholarly journals Low-Level Laser Therapy and Calcitonin in Bone Repair: Densitometric Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
Simone Bustamante Nascimento ◽  
Claúdia Alessandra Cardoso ◽  
Raduan Hage ◽  
Janete Dias Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin

The aim of this work was to evaluate the association of low-level laser therapy (LLLT, 830 nm) and calcitonin in bone repair considering that bone healing remains a challenge to health professionals. Calcitonin has antiosteoclastic action and LLLT is a treatment that uses low-level lasers or light-emitting diodes to alter cellular function. Both are used to improve bone healing. Densitometry is a clinical noninvasive valuable tool used to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD). Sixty male rats were submitted to bone defect with a trephine bur, randomly divided into four groups of 15 animals each: control (C); synthetic salmon calcitonin (Ca); LLLT (La); LLLT combined with calcitonin (LaCa). Animals from Ca and LaCa received 2 UI/Kg synthetic salmon calcitonin intramuscularly on alternate days after surgery. Animals from groups La and LaCa were treated with infrared LLLT (830 nm, 10 mW, 20 J/cm2, 6 s, contact mode). Five animals from each group were euthanized 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery and bone defects were analyzed by densitometry. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in BMD values in LaCa group at 7 and 21 days (). The results of the densitometric study showed that LLLT (830 nm) combined with calcitonin improved bone repair.

scholarly journals Bovine-Derived Xenografts Immobilized With Cryopreserved Stem Cells From Human Adipose and Dental Pulp Tissues Promote Bone Regeneration: A Radiographic and Histological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Shi-min Wei ◽  
Kai-xiao Yan ◽  
Ying-xin Gu ◽  
Hong-chang Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Differentiation Potential

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have become promising sources for bone tissue engineering. Our study aimed at evaluating bone regeneration potential of cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs combined with bovine-derived xenografts with 10% porcine collagen. In vitro studies revealed that although DPSCs had higher proliferative abilities, ADSCs exhibited greater mineral depositions and higher osteogenic-related gene expression, indicating better osteogenic differentiation potential of ADSCs. After applying cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs in a critical-sized calvarial defect model, both cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved bone volume density and new bone area at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Furthermore, the combined treatment with ADSCs and xenografts was more efficient in enhancing bone repair processes compared to combined treatment with DPCSs at all-time points. We also evaluated the sequential early bone healing process both histologically and radiographically, confirming a high agreement between these two methods. Based on these results, we propose grafting of the tissue-engineered construct seeded with cryopreserved ADSCs as a useful strategy in accelerating bone healing processes.

scholarly journals Trends in In Silico Approaches to the Prediction of Biologically Active Peptides in Meat and Meat Products as an Important Factor for Preventing Food-Related Chronic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11236
Author(s):  
Paulina Kęska ◽  
Waldemar Gustaw ◽  
Joanna Stadnik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

The increasing awareness of modern consumers regarding the nutritional and health value of food has changed their preferences, as well their requirements, for food products, including meat and meat products. Expanding the knowledge on the impact of food on human health is currently one of the most important research areas for scientists worldwide, and it is also of interest to consumers who want to consciously compose their daily diets. New research methods, such as in silico techniques, offer solutions to these new challenges. These research methods are preferred over food evaluation, e.g., from meat, because of their advantages, such as low costs, shorter analysis times, and general availability (e.g., online databases), and are often used to design in vitro and, subsequently, in vivo tests. This review focuses on the possible use of in silico computerized methods to assess the potential of food as a source of these health-relevant biomolecules by using examples from the literature on meat and meat products. This review also provides information and important suggestions for analyzing peptides in terms of assessing their best sources, and screening those resistant to digestive factors and that show biological activity. The information provided in this review could contribute to the development of new sources of foods as biomolecules important for preventing or treating food-related chronic diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

Mini Review; Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Oocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaifang Wang ◽  
Maryam Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Oocyte ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is one of the main diseases causing female infertility that occurs in about 1% of women between 30-40 years of age. There are few effective methods for the treatment of women with POI. In the past few years, stem cell-based therapy as one of the most highly investigated new therapies has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of POI. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into any type of cell. Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) as a type of pluripotent stem cells are the most powerful candidate for the treatment of POI. Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) are derived from adult somatic cells by the treatment with exogenous defined factors to create an embryonic-like pluripotent state. Both hiPSCs and hESCs can proliferate and give rise to ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal, and germ cell lineages. After ovarian stimulation, the number of available oocytes is limited and the yield of total oocytes with high quality is low. Therefore, a robust and reproducible in-vitro culture system that supports the differentiation of human oocytes from PSCs is necessary. Very few studies have focused on the derivation of oocyte-like cells from hiPSCs and the details of hPSCs differentiation into oocytes have not been fully investigated. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the differentiation potential of hPSCs into human oocyte-like cells.

scholarly journals Ibudilast Mitigates Delayed Bone Healing Caused by Lipopolysaccharide by Altering Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Yuhan Chang ◽  
Chih-Chien Hu ◽  
Ying-Yu Wu ◽  
Steve W. N. Ueng ◽  
Chih-Hsiang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Bridge ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Osteoclast Activity ◽  
Wall Components

Bacterial infection in orthopedic surgery is challenging because cell wall components released after bactericidal treatment can alter osteoblast and osteoclast activity and impair fracture stability. However, the precise effects and mechanisms whereby cell wall components impair bone healing are unclear. In this study, we characterized the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on bone healing and osteoclast and osteoblast activity in vitro and in vivo and evaluated the effects of ibudilast, an antagonist of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), on LPS-induced changes. In particular, micro-computed tomography was used to reconstruct femoral morphology and analyze callus bone content in a femoral defect mouse model. In the sham-treated group, significant bone bridge and cancellous bone formation were observed after surgery, however, LPS treatment delayed bone bridge and cancellous bone formation. LPS inhibited osteogenic factor-induced MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, calcium deposition, and osteopontin secretion and increased the activity of osteoclast-associated molecules, including cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in vitro. Finally, ibudilast blocked the LPS-induced inhibition of osteoblast activation and activation of osteoclast in vitro and attenuated LPS-induced delayed callus bone formation in vivo. Our results provide a basis for the development of a novel strategy for the treatment of bone infection.

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