scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Clinical Evidence on the Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Smoking-Mediated Cardiovascular Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BMI.S480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Csordas ◽  
Georg Wick ◽  
Günther Laufer ◽  
David Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prevention Strategies

The number of fatalities due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be far ahead of loss of human life caused by any other type of disease worldwide. According to the WHO, the annual global tobacco death toll is already 8.4 million and will reach 10 million by the year 2025. However, in contrast to other modifiable primary risk factors for CVD such as obesity, primary prevention strategies for smokers unable to quit are not available to date. This Review, by adopting the principles of evidence-based medicine, summarizes the most recent clinical studies on CVD in smokers, and concludes by suggesting a novel primary prevention strategy for CVD in smokers unable to quit. Evidence gathered from mechanistic studies involving basic research as well as large population-based approaches point to oxidative stress as the major insult imposed by cigarette smoke (CS), and a state of systemic inflammation, as signified by increased hs (high sensitivity) CRP levels in smokers, as the decisive pro-atherogenic response of the body to the initial insult. Since we identified oxidative stress induced by heavy metals as a significant pro-atherogenic activity of CS, strategies aimed at detoxifying heavy metals and combating inflammation appear as plausible approaches to counteract the accelerated onset of CVD in smokers. For this purpose, we discuss metal chelating agents and statins as promising novel primary prevention strategies in smokers unable to quit.

scholarly journals Colorimetry-Based Detection of Nitric Oxide from Exhaled Breath for Quantification of Oxidative Stress in Human Body

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Muni Raj Maurya ◽  
Haseena Onthath ◽  
Hagar Morsy ◽  
Najam-US-Sahar Riyaz ◽  
Muna Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Monitoring exhaled breath is a safe, noninvasive method for determining the health status of the human body. Most of the components in our exhaled breath can act as health biomarkers, and they help in providing information about various diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) is one such important biomarker in exhaled breath that indicates oxidative stress in our body. This work presents a simple and noninvasive quantitative analysis approach for detecting NO from exhaled breath. The sensing is based on the colorimetric assisted detection of NO by m-Cresol Purple, Bromophenol Blue, and Alizaringelb dye. The sensing performance of the dye was analyzed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The study covers various sampling conditions like the pH effect, temperature effect, concentration effect, and selective nature of the dye. The m-Cresol Purple dye exhibited a high sensitivity towards NO with a detection limit of ~0.082 ppm in the linear range of 0.002–0.5 ppm. Moreover, the dye apprehended a high degree of selectivity towards other biocompounds present in the breath, and no possible interfering cross-reaction from these species was observed. The dye offered a high sensitivity, selectivity, fast response, and stability, which benchmark its potential for NO sensing. Further, m-Cresol Purple dye is suitable for NO sensing from the exhaled breath and can assist in quantifying oxidative stress levels in the body for the possible detection of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Metallothionein and Glutathione Content as Biomarkers of Metal Pollution in Mussels and Local Fishermen in Abu Qir Bay, Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza A. Saad ◽  
Amany El-Sikaily ◽  
Hany Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Abu Qir Bay

Background. When heavy metals accumulate in air, soil, and water, the risk of human exposure increases among industrial workers, as well as in people living near polluted areas. Heavy metals adversely affect a variety of bodily systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. In addition, long-term exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in the body may disturb oxidative stress genes and thus increase the susceptibility to various diseases. Objectives. The aim of this study is to estimate the metallothionein concentration in both mussel samples from Abu Qir Bay, Egypt and the blood of local fishermen as a biomarker of exposure to metal pollution. Methods. Levels of metallothionein and heavy metals were measured in mussels. Blood levels of metallothionein and heavy metals of local fishermen were measured and compared with a control group. The effect of heavy metal exposure on oxidative stress status was investigated through the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and glutathione content. Results. The results of this study showed high concentrations of metallothionein in mussels and in fishermen's blood, accompanied by high concentrations of metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn). At the same time, a significant decrease in glutathione content and catalase enzyme activity was associated with a significant increase in the malondialdehyde concentrations in sera of fishermen. Conclusions. The present study found that the El Maadiya region is polluted with heavy metals, inducing oxidative stress in fishermen in the vicinity. These results reveal the necessity of further environmental monitoring in the study area in order to evaluate other types of pollutants and their effects on human health.

scholarly journals Improving life expectancy in people with serious mental illness: Should we place more emphasis on primary prevention?

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athif Ilyas ◽  
Edward Chesney ◽  
Rashmi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Exercise Interventions

SummaryPeople with serious mental illness have a reduced life expectancy that is partly attributable to increased cardiovascular disease. One approach to address this is regular physical health monitoring. However, physical health monitoring is poorly implemented in everyday clinical practice and there is little evidence to suggest that it improves physical health. We argue that greater emphasis should be placed on primary prevention strategies such as assertive smoking cessation, dietary and exercise interventions and more judicious psychotropic prescribing.

scholarly journals Природні детоксиканти в раціоні та їх вплив на продуктивність і якість продуктів забою свиней на відгодівлі

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
L.S. Dyachenko ◽  
T.L. Syvyc ◽  
O.M. Tytariova ◽  
O.A. Kuzmenko ◽  
V.V. Bilkevich
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Beet Pulp

<p> </p><p>Among the pollutants one of the main factor is heavy metals. Cadmium, a typical representative of this group has a very toxic effect on both the animal and the human. It is not involved in the vital processes of living organisms. Instead, exceeding the maximum permissible levels of cadmium has negative affects on animal, and accumulation in the tissues, is a threat to human life - the consumer of animal products. The results of research show efficiency of dry apple pulp and dry beet pulp as natural detoxicant of heavy metals, including cadmium, in the body of young pigs. Experimentally proved that the cadmium content in complete feed with the maximum permissible level (1 mg/kg) predetermined decrease of average daily gain of pigs experimental group, compared with the control, by 10.8% and increase of feed conversion by 9.8%. The introduction to the mixed fodder of dry apple pulp (45 g/kg) or dry beet pulp (45 g/kg) with of the same cadmium content contributed that the productivity of animals, the cost of feed for 1 kg of growth, slaughter weight, carcass yield, weight mascara and economic efficiency of fattening young pigs approaching to the level of control. In addition, the use of dry apple pulp and dry beet pulp as natural forage detoxicant in diets of young pigs helps significantly (P &lt;0.05-0.001), reduction of heavy metals, including cadmium in products of slaughter (meat, bacon, liver, kidney, heart), which increases their purity, environmental safety and competitiveness.</p>

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