scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Periods of High Cholesterol and Saturated Fat Diet on Blood Biochemistry and Hydroxyproline Fractions in Rabbits

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. BBI.S445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A.K. Abdelhalim ◽  
N.J. Siiddiqi ◽  
A.S. Alhomida ◽  
Mohammed S. Al-Ayed
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are considered as important risk factors during the atherosclerotic process. The aim of the present investigation was to study the total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), platelet levels and hydroxyproline fractions during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. For this purpose, twenty five 12-weeks, New Zealand white male rabbits, were purchased, individually caged, and divided into either control group or cholesterol-fed group. The control group (n = 10) was fed 100 g/day of normal diet, ORC-4 (Oriental Yeast Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for a period of 15 weeks. The cholesterol-fed group (n = 15) was fed a high cholesterol and saturated fat diet of ORC-4 containing 1% cholesterol plus 1% olive oil (100 g/day) for periods of 5 (group 1), 10 (group 2) and 15 (group 3) weeks. Blood sample from each animal was taken at the end of the experimental period for the biochemical analysis. The results of the present study showed that TC, LDLC, TG, HDLC and platelets were significantly (P < 0.01) increased in cholesterol-fed rabbits as compared with control rabbits. The serum hydroxyproline (Hyp) in rabbits belonging to group 1 showed no significant alteration when compared to control group. Group 2 rabbits showed a significant increase of 103% (P < 0.01) and 100% (P < 0.001) in free and protein—bound hydroxyproline fractions respectively when compared to control rabbits. However, there was no significant change in peptide—bound and total serum hydroxyproline levels as compared to the control group (P > 0.05). There was no significant (P > 0.05) decrease of free serum hydroxyproline in group 3 rabbits when compared to control rabbits. On the other hand, group 3 rabbits showed a significant increase in peptide-bound and protein- bound Hyp by 517% (P < 0.05) and 100% (P < 0.01) respectively when compared to control rabbits. However, total serum Hyp in group 3 rabbits showed no significant (P > 0.05) change when compared to control rabbits. These results suggest that feeding rabbits high cholesterol and saturated fat diet for feeding periods of 5, 10 and 15 weeks induced significant change in TC, LDLC, HDL, TG, platelet levels and various Hyp fractions in serum without any significant change in the total Hyp content.

Postoperative Morphine Use and Hyperalgesia Are Reduced by Preoperative but Not Intraoperative Epidural Analgesia

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Katz ◽  
Lorenzo Cohen ◽  
Roger Schmid ◽  
Vincent W.S. Chan ◽  
Adarose Wowk
Keyword(s):  
Morphine Consumption ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Blinded Manner ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Postoperative Morphine ◽  
Group 1

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative morphine-sparing effects and reduction in pain and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia after preincisional or postincisional epidural administration of a local anesthetic and an opioid compared with a sham epidural control. Methods Patients undergoing major gynecologic surgery by laparotomy were randomly assigned to three groups and studied in a double-blinded manner. Group 1 received epidural lidocaine and fentanyl before incision and epidural saline 40 min after incision. Group 2 received epidural saline before incision and epidural lidocaine and fentanyl 40 min after incision. Group 3 received a sham epidural control (with saline injected into a catheter taped to the back) before and 40 min after incision. All patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia. Results One hundred forty-one patients completed the study (group 1, n = 45; group 2, n = 49; group 3, n = 47). Cumulative patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption at 48 h was significantly lower (P = 0.04) in group 1 (89.8 +/- 43.3 mg) than group 3 (112.5 +/- 71.5 mg) but not group 2 (95.4 +/- 60.2 mg), although the hourly rate of morphine consumption between 24 and 48 h after surgery was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.0009) in group 1 (1.25 +/- 0.02 mg/h) than group 2 (1.41 +/- 0.02 mg/h). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the visual analog scale pain score on movement was significantly less intense (P = 0.005) in group 1 (4.9 +/- 2.2 cm) than group 3 (6.0 +/- 2.6 cm) but not group 2 (5.3 +/- 2.5 cm), and the von Frey pain threshold near the wound was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in group 1 (6.4 +/- 0.6 log mg) than in group 3 (6.1 +/- 0.8 log mg) but not group 2 (6.2 +/- 0.7 log mg). Conclusions Preincisional administration of epidural lidocaine and fentanyl was associated with a significantly lower rate of morphine use, lower cumulative morphine consumption, and reduced hyperalgesia compared with a sham epidural condition. These results highlight the importance of including a standard treatment control group to avoid the problems of interpretation that arise when two-group studies of preemptive analgesia (preincisional vs. postsurgery) fail to find the anticipated effects.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effect of MnTE-2-PyP on Lung in Asthma Mice Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmil Terziev ◽  
Violeta Dancheva ◽  
Veneta Shopova ◽  
Galya Stavreva
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To investigate the effects of MnTE-2-PyP on some markers of antioxidant defence system in asthma mice model.Material and Methods. The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, controls; group 2, injected with ovalbumin, group 3, treated with MnTE-2-PyP, and group 4, treated with ovalbumin and MnTE-2-PyP. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups content (NPSH) were determined in lung homogenate.Results. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in group 2 decreased significantly as compared to control group. The decrease of the same enzymes in group 4 was lower and significant as compared to group 2. Changes in the glutathione peroxidase activity showed a similar dynamics. The NPSH groups content decreased in group 2. In group 4 this decrease was relatively lower as compared to group 2.Conclusions. The application of MnTE-2-PyP mitigated the effects of oxidative stress in asthma mice model.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Monoklonal Antibodi Bovine Zona Pelusida 3 (bZP3) terhadap Diameter dan Atresia Folikel Ovarium Mencit (Mus musculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Annisa Trissatharra ◽  
Sri Ratna Dwiningsih ◽  
Ratna Sofaria Munir
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To identify the effect of monoclonal antibody bZP3 at ovarian follicles that undergo atresia and diameter of various ovarian follicles.Materials and Methods: This is a true experimental research with post only control group design. Samples were 36 female mices (Mus musculus) which is divided into 6 groups, there are 3 control groups (group 1, 2, and 3) injected by Phospatase Buffer Saline (PBS) 50µl and 3 treatment groups (group 4, 5, and 6) injected by Mab bZP3 50µl. Group 1 and 4 terminated at 5th day, group 2 and 5 terminated at 10th day, and group 3 and 6 terminated at 20th day. Evaluation of atretic ovarian follicles and diameter of ovarian follicles performed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) and the data processed by parametric statistic.Results: There are no significant in different among groups in the aspect of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles (p>0.05), but descriptively, number of follicles undergo atresia of the follicle primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment group was higher than the control group, except on the 20th day of observation time.Conclusion: administration of Mab bZP3 had no effect to amount of atretic follicles and diameter of folicles during observation time.

scholarly journals Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietpoornamathy J ◽  
Parameswari C.S.
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Group 1

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats.  A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Comparative parasitological and electron microscopic studies on the effects of Nitazoxanide and Praziquantel in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Hend A. El-Taweel ◽  
Mona H. El-Sayad ◽  
Sahar A. Abu Helw ◽  
Mohammad A. Al-Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Antischistosomal Activity ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This study was designed to evaluate antischistosomal activity of Nitazoxanide (NTZ) in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice compared to Praziquantel (PZQ). Fifty four infected mice were recruited into 3 groups, each of 18 mice. Group 1 was infected non-treated control. Group 2 was infected and then treated with PZQ 500 mg for two days, and group 3 was infected and treated with NTZ 100 mg/kg for seven days. Efficacy of drugs was assessed by Parasitological, and scanning electron microscopic studies. PZQ reduced (4.9%, 22.5% and 50.7%) of faecal eggs, (22%, 22.6% and 55.1%) of intestinal eggs, (20.4%, 44.3% and 46.7%) of hepatic egg counts and (27%, 45.1% and 64.9%) of total worm load whereas, NTZ reduced (4.9%, 22.5% and 50.7%),of faecal eggs, (22%, 22.6% and 55.1%) of intestinal eggs ,(20.4%, 44.3% and 46.7%) of hepatic egg counts and (27%, 45.1% and 64.9%) of total worm load at 1, 2 and 4 WPT, respectively. The percentages of dead eggs were more than 80% after PZQ treatment and only 30% after NTZ at 4 WPT. PZQ showed extensive tegumental damages in male and female worms more than NTZ at 2 WPT. Our findings concluded that Nitazoxanide showed weaker antischistosomal activity in animal models than praziquantel.

scholarly journals The target matters – general vs. individualized exercise prescription for fertile-aged women with metabolic risk: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritta K Poyhonen-Alho ◽  
Vesa Hyrylä ◽  
Mika P. Tarvainen ◽  
Heikki O. Tikkanen ◽  
Saila Koivusalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Individualized Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Little is known about the associations of different depths of individualization of the exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), metabolic outcomes and cardiac autonomic regulation in at-risk subjects. This randomized trial compared the effect of general physical activity (PA) guideline -targeted and highly individualized exercise intervention on maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate variability, body composition, and glucose and lipid profiles in fertile-aged women with increased risk for gestational diabetes. Methods Forty-five women with previous gestational diabetes or BMI>30kg/m 2 were randomized into general advice without intervention (Group 1), individualized intervention planned according to PA questionnaires and general guidelines for exercise training (Group 2) and highly individualized intervention based on results from the pre-intervention cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) groups (Group 3). All subjects performed pre-intervention CPET on a cycle ergometer with step incremental protocol until volitional fatigue, followed by a 3-month intervention period and post-intervention CPET. Examinations included HRV assessment during CPET and body composition (bioimpedance), blood glucose and lipid profiles. Results Total dropout was 53.8% at various points of the study leaving 8 subjects in Group 1, 12 subjects in Group 2 and 10 subjects in Group 3. CRF improved only in Group 3 (+1.9 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 0.3 to 3.5). This was associated with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (0.18 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.32) and increased HRV. In Group 2, we found a decrease in body mass index (-0.7 kg/m 2, 95% CI -1.3 to -0.1), fasting insulin (-4.14 mU/L, 95% CI -6.58 to -1.70), insulin resistance (-1.21, 95% CI -1.88 to -0.54), and low-density lipoprotein (-0.44 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.79 to -0.09). The dropouts in Group 1 had significantly less weight, smaller waist circumference, less visceral fat, and higher maximal oxygen uptake compared to the continuers in Group 1. Conclusions To improve CRF and cardiac autonomic function the exercise intervention should be highly individualized. PA intervention focused to achieve general exercise guidelines is not enough to improve CRF over 3-month period but combined with weight loss has beneficial effects on the metabolic profile. In randomized controlled trials, dropout may be biased. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01675271)

Double activation improves rabbit freeze–thawed oocytes developmental potential

Zygote ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
L. Cong ◽  
Z.G. Zhang ◽  
Y.X. Cao ◽  
Z.L. Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Strontium Chloride ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Double Activation ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Group 1

SummaryObjective: To investigate the effects of various activation methods on freeze–thawed rabbit oocytes developmental potential. Methods: Rabbit oocytes were vitrified by cryoleafs and cryoprotected with ethylene glycol and propanediol. After thawing, the oocytes were fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Surviving oocytes after ICSI were divided into five groups at random. Group 1: Oocytes (n = 30) activated 1 h after ICSI by calcium ionomycin (I0634); Group 2: Oocytes (n = 26) activated by strontium chloride an hour after ICSI; Group 3: Oocytes (n = 33) activated by I0634 twice; Group 4: Oocytes (n = 28) were activated by strontium chloride twice; Control Group: Inactivated oocytes (n = 39). Blastocysts derived from each group were transplanted to recipient rabbits. Results: Rates of fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation of Group 3 were higher than those of Group 1 and Group 2 (81.8% vs 33.3% vs 53.8%, 54.5% vs 16.7% vs 26.9%, p < 0.05; 15.2% vs 3.3% vs 7.7%, p > 0.05). The rabbit transplanted with embryos derived from Group 3 became pregnant. Embryos derived from double activation could implant into endometrium. Conclusion: Double activation may increase freeze–thawed oocytes developmental potential. After activation, oocytes cleavage velocity may be faster than that of oocytes without activation.

Investigation of TAp63 gene Expression and Follicle Count Using Melatonin in Cisplatin-induced Ovarian Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacı Öztürk Şahin ◽  
Mehmet Nuri Duran ◽  
Fatma Sılan ◽  
Ece Sılan ◽  
Duygu Sıddıkoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: Premature ovarian failure is among the most important side effects of chemotherapy during reproductive period. Preserving ovarian function is gradually gaining importance during oncologic treatment. The present study aims to investigate the potential of melatonin to protect from cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity in rats. Twenty nine female rats were divided to three groups: Saline control group (Group 1), cisplatin group (Group 2), and cisplatin+melatonin group (Group 3). While the rats in Groups 2 and 3 were administered 5 mg/kg single dose of cisplatin via intra-peritoneal (IP) route, the rats in Group 3 were started on melatonin (20 mg/kg IP) before cisplatin administration and continued during 3 consecutive days. Ovaries were removed one week after cisplatin administration in all groups. Blood samples were obtained before the rats were decapited. Histological evaluation, follicle count, and classification were performed. TAp63 mRNA expression was evaluated using mRNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Serum estradiol (E2) and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) values were measured with enzyme immune-assay technology. Results: While primordial follicles were seen to decrease in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (p:0.023), primordial follicle count was observed to be preserved significantly in melatonin group as compared to Group 2 (p:0.047). Moreover, cisplatin-induced histo-pathological morphology was preserved in favor of normal histology in melatonin group. A significant difference was not observed between groups with regard to mean serum AMH and E2 values (p:0.102 and p:0.411, respectively). While TAp63 gene expression significantly increased in Group 2 as compared to control group (p:0.001), we did not detect a statistically significant difference in cisplatin+melatonin group, although gene expression decreased (p:0.34). Conclusion: We conclude that concurrent administration of melatonin and cisplatin may protect from ovarian damage.

scholarly journals Retinal microvascular abnormalities in patients after COVID-19 depending on disease severity

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317953
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Zapata ◽  
Sandra Banderas García ◽  
Adrián Sánchez ◽  
Anna Falcó ◽  
Susana Otero-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group Control Group ◽  
Group 1

BackgroundGlobal pandemic SARS-CoV-2 causes a prothrombotic state without fully elucidated effects. This study aims to analyse and quantify the possible retinal microvascular abnormalities.Materials and methodsCase–control study. Patients between 18 and 55 years old with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within the last 3 months were included. Risk stratification: group 1—mild disease (asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic); group 2—moderate disease (required hospital admission with no acute respiratory distress) and group 3—severe disease (subjects who developed an acute respiratory distress were admitted in the intensive care unit and presented interleukin 6 values above 40 pg/mL). Age-matched volunteers with negative serology tests were enrolled to control group. A colour photograph, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) and an angiography using OCT centred on the fovea were performed.ResultsControl group included 27 subjects: group 1 included 24 patients, group 2 consisted of 24 patients and 21 participants were recruited for group 3. There were no funduscopic lesions, neither in the colour images nor in the structural OCT. Fovea-centred vascular density (VD) was reduced in group 2 and group 3 compared with group 1 and control group (control group vs group 2; 16.92 vs 13.37; p=0.009) (control group vs group 3; 16.92 vs .13.63; p=0.026) (group 1 vs group 2; 17.16 vs 13.37; p=0.006) (group 1 vs group 3; 17.16 vs 13.63 p=0.017).ConclusionPatients with moderate and severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia had decreased central retinal VD as compared with that of asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic cases or control subjects.

scholarly journals Efficacy of 2 Different Intratympanic Steroid Regimen on Prevention of Cisplatin Ototoxicity: An Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 014556131987431
Author(s):  
Burak Mustafa Taş ◽  
Gökçe Şimşek ◽  
Musa Azman ◽  
Rahmi Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Ototoxicity is the general name of cochlear and vestibular organ injury resulting from encountering various therapeutic agents and chemical substances. Cisplatin is commonly used in the treatment of many cancers. In this study, the efficacy of intratympanic steroids was compared for preventing cisplatin ototoxicity. In this study, 32 (64 ears) rats were used by separating into 4 groups. Cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally to the first group (n = 8). Methylprednisolone and then cisplatin were administered intratympanically to the second group (n = 8). On the third group (n = 8), dexamethasone and then cisplatin were administered intratympanically. To the fourth group (n = 8), 0.9% NaCl and then cisplatin were given intratympanically. Otoacoustic emission (OAE) measurements and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) tests were performed on all groups before and 72 hours after the procedure. Pretreatment of ABR-IV values were 4.29 ± 0.19 milliseconds in group 2 and 4.27 ± 0.16 milliseconds in group 3, whereas posttreatment ABR-IV values were 4.95 ± 0.35 milliseconds in group 2 and 4.65 ± 0.26 milliseconds in group 3. The ABR-IV values were measured significantly shorter in the rats given dexamethasone and methylprednisolone, according to control and cisplatin groups ( P < .001). Pretreatment of ABR I-IV interval values were 2.98 ± 0.34 milliseconds and 3.03 ± 0.42 milliseconds in group 1 and group 4, respectively, and ABR I-IV interval values in group 1 and group 4 posttreatment were 3.49 ± 0.39 milliseconds and 3.5 ± 0.39 milliseconds in group 1 and group 4, respectively. Auditory brainstem responses I-IV interval was significantly longer in the cisplatin and control group than in the rats given dexamethasone and methylprednisolone ( P < .001). After cisplatin treatment, OAE amplitudes decreased significantly in group 1 and group 4 for all frequencies, while OAE values were protected in methylprednisolone and dexamethasone group ( P < .001). In conclusion, it has been shown that both agents have protective effects on cisplatin ototoxicity, with dexamethasone slightly more than methylprednisolone.

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