scholarly journals High-Throughput Sequencing of miRNAs Reveals a Tissue Signature in Gastric Cancer and Suggests Novel Potential Biomarkers

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. BBI.S23773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Darnet ◽  
Fabiano C Moreira ◽  
Igor G Hamoy ◽  
Rommel Burbano ◽  
André Khayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mirnas Expression

Gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide; however, the use of biomarkers for its clinical diagnosis remains limited. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are biomarkers with the potential to identify the risk and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets. We performed the ultradeep miRnomes sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric antrum without tumor samples. We observed that a small set of those samples were responsible for approximately 80% of the total miRNAs expression, which might represent a miRNA tissue signature. Additionally, we identified seven miRNAs exhibiting significant differences, and, of these, hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c were able to discriminate antrum without tumor from gastric cancer regardless of the histological type. These findings were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c are potential gastric adenocarcinoma occurrence biomarkers with the ability to identify individuals at a higher risk of developing this cancer, and could even be used as therapeutic targets to allow individualized clinical management.

scholarly journals Phytoplasma occurrence in apple trees in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fialová ◽  
M. Navrátil ◽  
P. Válová
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The presence of phytoplasmas in apple trees with proliferation symptoms, rubbery wood symptoms and no symp­toms was determined by using polymerase chain reaction assays with primers amplifying phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene. Phytoplasmas were detected in all trees with proliferation symptoms. Positive tests for phytoplasma in the group of trees with rubbery wood symptoms and of those without symptoms revealed a relatively high incidence of latent phytoplasma infection. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, phytoplasma of the same identity – apple proliferation phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrX-A) – was recorded in all positively tested trees.  

Cost-Effectiveness of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Screening with Epstein-Barr Virus Polymerase Chain Reaction or Serology in High-Incidence Populations Worldwide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A Miller ◽  
Quynh-Thu Le ◽  
Benjamin A Pinsky ◽  
Hannah Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Background The incidence of endemic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) varies considerably worldwide. In high-incidence regions, screening trials have been conducted. We estimated the mortality reduction and cost-effectiveness of EBV-based NPC screening in populations worldwide. Methods We identified 380 populations in 132 countries with incident NPC and developed a decision-analytic model to compare ten unique onetime screening strategies to no screening for men and women at age 50 years. Screening performance and the stage distribution of undiagnosed NPC were derived from a systematic review of prospective screening trials. Results Screening was cost-effective in up to 14.5% of populations, depending on the screening strategy. These populations were limited to East Asia, Southeast Asia, North Africa, or were Asian, Pacific Islander, or Inuit populations in North America. A combination of serology and nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was most cost-effective, but other combinations of serologic and/or plasma PCR screening were also cost-effective. The estimated reduction in NPC mortality was similar across screening strategies. For a hypothetical cohort of patients in China, 10-year survival improved from 71.0% (95%CI = 68.8%–73.0%) without screening to a median of 86.3% (range = 83.5%–88.2%) with screening. This corresponded to a median 10-year reduction in NPC mortality of 52.9% (range= 43.1%–59.3%). Screening interval impacted absolute mortality reduction and cost-effectiveness. Conclusions We observed decreased NPC mortality with EBV-based screening. Screening was cost-effective in many high-incidence populations and could be extended to men and women as early as age 40 years in select regions. These findings may be useful when choosing among local public health initiatives.

scholarly journals Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 oncogen E7 in surgical materials from Russian prostate cancer patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Volgareva ◽  
V. D. Ermilova ◽  
A. V. Khachaturyan ◽  
V. V. Tatarskiy ◽  
L. S. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Preservation ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
E7 Oncogene

Introduction. High indices of prostate cancer (PC) incidence and mortality as well as high speed of growth of these figures testify to urgency of research into PC origin as well as means of its prophylaxis. The problem of possible PC association with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) is still being disputable. Objective: to test whether surgical materials from PC patients in Russia harbour E7 oncogene of HPV type 16 (HPV16), the main HPV type responsible for cervical cancer. Materials and methods. Prostate tissues excised in the course of radical prostatectomy from 17 PC patients were tested by polymerase chain reaction. For better DNA preservation cryopreserved tumor specimens not treated with either formalin or paraffin were used. The PC typical multifocal type of growth was taken into account by microdissecting of cryostate cuts to accumulate homogeneous cells (cancerous, dysplastic or normal). Results. HPV16 E7 was registered in prostate tissues of 7 patients out of 17 examined including all those 5 cases for which DNA had been isolated from homogeneous sites of cancer cells. Conclusion. The result obtained enables one to admit that HPV16 may be harbored in prostates of Russian PC patients not infrequently.

scholarly journals Updating the Quarantine Status of Prunus Infecting Viruses in Australia

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wycliff M. Kinoti ◽  
Narelle Nancarrow ◽  
Alison Dann ◽  
Brendan C. Rodoni ◽  
Fiona E. Constable
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
First Report ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Stem Pitting

One hundred Prunus trees, including almond (P. dulcis), apricot (P. armeniaca), nectarine (P. persica var. nucipersica), peach (P. persica), plum (P. domestica), purple leaf plum (P. cerasifera) and sweet cherry (P. avium), were selected from growing regions Australia-wide and tested for the presence of 34 viruses and three viroids using species-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. In addition, the samples were tested using some virus family or genus-based RT-PCR tests. The following viruses were detected: Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) (13/100), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) (1/100), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) (4/100), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) (2/100), Cherry virus A (CVA) (14/100), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV2) (3/100), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV) (4/100), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) (3/100), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) (52/100), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) (9/100) and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) (6/100). The results showed that PNRSV is widespread in Prunus trees in Australia. Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterise the genomes of some viruses that were detected by RT-PCR tests and Apricot latent virus (ApLV), Apricot vein clearing associated virus (AVCaV), Asian Prunus Virus 2 (APV2) and Nectarine stem pitting-associated virus (NSPaV) were also detected. This is the first report of ApLV, APV2, CGRMV, CNRNV, LChV1, LChV2, NSPaV and PBNSPaV occurring in Australia. It is also the first report of ASGV infecting Prunus species in Australia, although it is known to infect other plant species including pome fruit and citrus.

scholarly journals TASK-3 Gene Knockdown Dampens Invasion and Migration and Promotes Apoptosis in KATO III and MKN-45 Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Cikutović-Molina ◽  
Andres A. Herrada ◽  
Wendy González ◽  
Nelson Brown ◽  
Leandro Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Gene Knockdown ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Incidence and mortality of gastric cancer is increasing worldwide, in part, because of the lack of new therapeutic targets to treat this disease. Different types of ion channels participate in the hallmarks of cancer. In this context, ion channels are known to exert control over the cell cycle, mechanisms that support survival, angiogenesis, migration, and cell invasion. In particular, TASK-3 (KCNK9), a member of the K2P potassium channel family, has attracted much interest because of its oncogenic properties. However, despite multiple lines of evidence linking TASK-3 to tumorigenesis in various types of cancer, its relationship with gastric cancer has not been fully examined. Therefore, we set out to assess the effect of TASK-3 gene knockdown on KATO III and MKN-45 human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines by using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown. Our results demonstrate that knocking down TASK-3 reduces cell proliferation and viability because of an increase in apoptosis without an apparent effect on cell cycle checkpoints. In addition, cell migration and invasion are reduced after knocking down TASK-3 in these cell lines. The present study highlights TASK-3 as a key protein involved in migration and cell survival in gastric cancer and corroborates its potential as a therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Evolutionarily-Related Helicobacter pylori Genotypes and Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia in a High-Risk Area of Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Sonia Toracchio ◽  
Rosario Alberto Caruso ◽  
Silvia Perconti ◽  
Luciana Rigoli ◽  
Enrico Betri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is the major recognized risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer (GC), but only a fraction of infected subjects develop GC, thus GC risk might reflect other genetic/environmental cofactors and/or differences in virulence among infectious Hp strains. Focusing on a high GC risk area of Northern Italy (Cremona, Lombardy) and using archived paraffin-embedded biopsies, we investigated the associations between the Hp vacA and cagA genotype variants and gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN, 33 cases) versus non-neoplastic gastroduodenal lesions (NNGDLs, 37 cases). The glmM gene and the cagA and vacA (s and m) genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Hp was confirmed in 37/37 (100%) NNGDLs and detected in 9/33 GINs (27%), consistently with the well-known Hp loss in GC. CagA was detected in 4/9 Hp-positive GINs and in 29/37 NNGDLs. The vacA s1a and m1 subtypes were more common in GINs than in NNGDLs (6/7 vs. 12/34, p=0.014, for s1a; 7/7 vs. 18/34, p=0.020 for m1), with significant vacA s genotype-specific variance. The GIN-associated vacA s1a sequences clustered together, suggesting that aggressive Hp strains from a unique founder contribute to GC in the high-risk area studied.

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