Time‐Lapse High‐Resolution Seismic Monitoring for a Small‐Scale Carbon Dioxide Gas Injection Test at Shallow Depths

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomio Inazaki ◽  
Naomi Kano ◽  
Toshiyuki Tosha ◽  
Takeshi Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Seismic Monitoring ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Injection Test ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas

Field Test of Carbon Dioxide Gas Channeling Foam Plugging

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 769-772
Author(s):  
Yun Bo Bao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Oil Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Gas Channeling ◽  
Swept Volume

Gas channeling is tending to happen in CO2 immiscible flooding process, and that would seriously influence gas injection development. In order to plugging gas channeling channel effectively, improve inspiration and production profile, and enhance swept volume and oil displacement efficiency of the gas injection, field trials of foam seal channeling are carried out. The tests showed that carbon dioxide foam can effectively plugging the gas channeling channel, expand the swept volume of carbon dioxide gas, reduce invalid circulation, and enhancing oil displacement efficiency. The anti-sealing channeling technology is cost-efficient, and it is suitable for Daqing peripheral low permeability oil field on gas injection development. It has good prospects, and it will provide a strong technical support on gas injection development of low permeability reservoir.

scholarly journals In situ quantification of supraglacial cryoconite morphodynamics using time-lapse imaging: an example from Svalbard

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (204) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram D.L. Irvine-Fynn ◽  
Jonathan W. Bridge ◽  
Andrew J. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Ice Surface

AbstractThere is growing recognition of the significance of biologically active supraglacial dust (cryoconite) for glacial mass balance and ecology. Nonetheless, the processes controlling the distribution, transport and fate of cryoconite particles in the glacial system remain somewhat poorly understood. Here, using a 216 hour time series of plot-scale (0.04 m2) images, we quantify the small-scale dynamics of cryoconite on Longyearbreen, Svalbard. We show significant fluctuations in the apparent cryoconite area and dispersion of cryoconite over the plot, within the 9 day period of observations. However, the net movement of cryoconite across the ice surface averaged only 5.3 mm d−1. High-resolution measurements of cryoconite granule motion showed constant, random motion but weak correlation with meteorological forcing factors and no directional trends for individual particle movement. The high-resolution time-series data suggest that there is no significant net transport of dispersed cryoconite material across glacier surfaces. The areal coverage and motion of particles within and between cryoconite holes appears to be a product of differential melting leading to changes in plot-scale microtopography, local meltwater flow dynamics and weather-dependent events. These subtle processes of cryoconite redistribution may be significant for supraglacial albedo and have bearing on the surface energy balance at the glacier scale.

scholarly journals Modelling CO<sub>2</sub> weather – why horizontal resolution matters

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7347-7376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Agustí-Panareda ◽  
Michail Diamantakis ◽  
Sébastien Massart ◽  
Frédéric Chevallier ◽  
Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Co2 Fluxes

Abstract. Climate change mitigation efforts require information on the current greenhouse gas atmospheric concentrations and their sources and sinks. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Its variability in the atmosphere is modulated by the synergy between weather and CO2 surface fluxes, often referred to as CO2 weather. It is interpreted with the help of global or regional numerical transport models, with horizontal resolutions ranging from a few hundreds of kilometres to a few kilometres. Changes in the model horizontal resolution affect not only atmospheric transport but also the representation of topography and surface CO2 fluxes. This paper assesses the impact of horizontal resolution on the simulated atmospheric CO2 variability with a numerical weather prediction model. The simulations are performed using the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) CO2 forecasting system at different resolutions from 9 to 80 km and are evaluated using in situ atmospheric surface measurements and atmospheric column-mean observations of CO2, as well as radiosonde and SYNOP observations of the winds. The results indicate that both diurnal and day-to-day variability of atmospheric CO2 are generally better represented at high resolution, as shown by a reduction in the errors in simulated wind and CO2. Mountain stations display the largest improvements at high resolution as they directly benefit from the more realistic orography. In addition, the CO2 spatial gradients are generally improved with increasing resolution for both stations near the surface and those observing the total column, as the overall inter-station error is also reduced in magnitude. However, close to emission hotspots, the high resolution can also lead to a deterioration of the simulation skill, highlighting uncertainties in the high-resolution fluxes that are more diffuse at lower resolutions. We conclude that increasing horizontal resolution matters for modelling CO2 weather because it has the potential to bring together improvements in the surface representation of both winds and CO2 fluxes, as well as an expected reduction in numerical errors of transport. Modelling applications like atmospheric inversion systems to estimate surface fluxes will only be able to benefit fully from upgrades in horizontal resolution if the topography, winds and prior flux distribution are also upgraded accordingly. It is clear from the results that an additional increase in resolution might reduce errors even further. However, the horizontal resolution sensitivity tests indicate that the change in the CO2 and wind modelling error with resolution is not linear, making it difficult to quantify the improvement beyond the tested resolutions. Finally, we show that the high-resolution simulations are useful for the assessment of the small-scale variability of CO2 which cannot be represented in coarser-resolution models. These representativeness errors need to be considered when assimilating in situ data and high-resolution satellite data such as Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), the Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission (TanSat) and future missions such as the Geostationary Carbon Observatory (GeoCarb) and the Sentinel satellite constellation for CO2. For these reasons, the high-resolution CO2 simulations provided by the CAMS in real time can be useful to estimate such small-scale variability in real time, as well as providing boundary conditions for regional modelling studies and supporting field experiments.

The STIMTEC-X hydraulic stimulation campaign at the URL Reiche Zeche Mine, Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Boese ◽  
Joerg Renner ◽  
Georg Dresen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Seismic Monitoring ◽  
Underground Laboratory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Stimulation

&lt;p&gt;In 2018-2019, the STIMTEC hydraulic stimulation experiment was conducted at the Reiche Zeche underground laboratory in Freiberg, Saxony/Germany, to investigate the role of hydro-mechanical processes for the often required enhancement of hydraulic properties in deep geothermal projects. We applied the same injection protocol to each of the ten stimulated intervals in the 63 m-long injection borehole. Yet, we observed significant small-scale variability in the seismic and hydraulic responses to stimulation and in parallel stress field heterogeneity on the meter scale. While acoustic emission (AE) activity was high in the upper part of the injection borehole, no AE events were detected in its deepest part, ending in a high-permeability damage zone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To investigate the stress field and seismic variability throughout the experimental volume and their interrelation further, we started the follow-on experiment STIMTEC-X. The initial phase involved eleven local stress measurements performed in October 2020 in three existing boreholes, previously used for monitoring purposes, with varying orientations and lengths. This phase of the experiment was seismically monitored in real-time using an adaptive, high-resolution seismic monitoring network comprising six AE-type hydrophones, six regular AE sensors and four accelerometers. The hydrophones were installed in combination with hydraulic gauges or the double packer probe used for localized injection to make best use of the existing infrastructure. Hydrophones were optimally placed for each measurement configuration anew with at least one deployed in the direct vicinity (~3-4 m) of the injection interval. We detected low-magnitude AE activity (M&lt;-3.5) at high resolution, spatially distributed between distinct clusters identified previously during the STIMTEC experiment. Overall, these records indicate a doubling of the seismically active volume. We also performed eight dilatometer tests to determine deformation characteristics of induced hydrofracs and pre-existing fractures. A circulation experiment between the injection borehole and two newly drilled boreholes of 23 m and 30 m depth is pending. Here, we present the seismicity associated with the STIMTEC and STIMTEC-X hydraulic stimulation campaigns and focal mechanism solutions. We focus on how they contribute to 3-D volumetric stress field characterisation between local stress measurement points.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.5069b42fb60064884501161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&amp;app=m&amp;a=0&amp;c=928e8094105ded0e25c2a2da4e49946e&amp;ct=x&amp;pn=gnp.elif&amp;d=1&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Figure 1: Borehole layout (cyan - injection borehole, yellow: seismic monitoring boreholes, green: hydraulic monitoring borehole, red: mine-back validation boreholes) and acoustic emission (AE) events during the STIMTEC (yellow and orange circles) and STIMTEC-X (purple circle) experiments at the Reiche Zeche underground laboratory in Freiberg, Germany. Damage zones (transparent red) and hydraulically stimulated (dark blue rings) and/or hydraulically tested intervals (light blue rings) are shown. Stimulation of the intervals resulted in &gt;11000 AE events with most events occurring during the periodic pumping sequences following the hydrofracturing. The seismic clouds extend about 5 m radially around the boreholes.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Modelling CO<sub>2</sub> weather – why horizontal resolution matters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Agustí-Panareda ◽  
Michail Diamantakis ◽  
Sébastien Massart ◽  
Frédéric Chevallier ◽  
Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Co2 Fluxes

Abstract. Climate change mitigation efforts require information on the current greenhouse gas atmospheric concentrations and their sources and sinks. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Its variability in the atmosphere is modulated by the synergy between weather and CO2 surface fluxes, often referred to as CO2 weather. It is interpreted with the help of global or regional numerical transport models, with horizontal resolutions ranging from a few hundreds of km to a few km. Changes in the model horizontal resolution affect not only atmospheric transport, but also the representation of topography and surface CO2 fluxes. This paper assesses the impact of horizontal resolution on the simulated atmospheric CO2 variability with a numerical weather prediction model. The simulations are performed using the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) CO2 forecasting system at different resolutions from 9 km to 80 km and are evaluated using in situ atmospheric surface measurements and atmospheric column-mean observations of CO2, as well as radiosonde and SYNOP observations of the winds. The results indicate that both diurnal and day-to-day variability of atmospheric CO2 are generally better represented at high resolution, as shown by a reduction in the errors in simulated wind and CO2. Mountain stations display the largest improvements at high resolution as they directly benefit from the more realistic orography. In addition, the CO2 spatial gradients are generally improved with increasing resolution for both stations near the surface and those observing the total column, as the overall inter-station error is also reduced in magnitude. However, close to emission hotspots, the high resolution can also lead to a deterioration of the simulation skill, highlighting uncertainties in the high resolution fluxes that are more diffuse at lower resolutions. We conclude that increasing horizontal resolution matters for modelling CO2 weather because it has the potential to bring together improvements in the surface representation of both winds and CO2 fluxes, as well as an expected reduction in numerical errors of transport. Modelling applications like atmospheric inversion systems to estimate surface fluxes will only be able to benefit fully from upgrades in horizontal resolution if the topography, winds and prior flux distribution are also upgraded accordingly. It is clear from the results that an additional increase in resolution might reduce errors even further. However, the horizontal resolution sensitivity tests indicate that the change in the CO2 and wind modelling error with resolution is not linear, making it difficult to extrapolate the results beyond the tested resolutions. Finally, we show that the high resolution simulations are useful for the assessment of the small-scale variability of CO2 which cannot be represented in coarser resolution models. These representativeness errors need to be considered when assimilating in situ data and high resolution satellite data such as Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), the Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission (TanSat) and future missions such as the Geostationary Carbon Observatory (GeoCarb) and the Sentinel satellite constellation for CO2. For these reasons, the high resolution CO2 simulations provided by the CAMS in real-time can be useful to estimate such small-scale variability in real time, as well as providing boundary conditions for regional modelling studies and supporting field experiments.

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