Refraction Microtremor and Optimization Methods as Alternatives to Boreholes for Site Strength and Earthquake Hazard Assessments

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Louie ◽  
Robert E. Abbott ◽  
Satish Pullammanappallil
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Refraction Microtremor ◽  
Hazard Assessments

scholarly journals Conceptual Design of Extreme Sea-Level Early Warning Systems Based on Uncertainty Quantification and Engineering Optimization Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cléa Denamiel ◽  
Xun Huan ◽  
Ivica Vilibić
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Quantification ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Hazard Assessments

Coastal hazards linked to extreme sea-level events are projected to have a direct impact (by flooding) on 630 million of people by year 2100. Numerous operational forecasts already provide coastal hazard assessments around the world. However, they are largely based on either deterministic tools (e.g., numerical ocean and atmospheric models) or ensemble approaches which are both highly demanding in terms of high-performance computing (HPC) resources. Through a robust learning process, we propose conceptual design of an innovative architecture for extreme sea-level early warning systems based on uncertainty quantification/reduction and optimization methods. This approach might be cost-effective in terms of real-time computational needs while maintaining reliability and trustworthiness of the hazard assessments. The proposed architecture relies on three main tools aligning numerical forecasts with observations: (1) surrogate models of extreme sea-levels using polynomial chaos expansion, Gaussian processes or machine learning, (2) fast data assimilation via Bayesian inference, and (3) optimal experimental design of the observational network. A surrogate model developed for meteotsunami events – i.e., atmospherically induced long ocean waves in a tsunami frequency band – has already been proven to greatly improve the reliability of extreme sea-level hazard assessments. Such an approach might be promising for several coastal hazards known to destructively impact the world coasts, like hurricanes or typhoons and seismic tsunamis.

scholarly journals Remotely triggered subsidence acceleration in Mexico City induced by the September 2017 <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.1 Puebla and the <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 8.2 Tehuantepec September 2017 earthquakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 683-687
Author(s):  
Dario Solano-Rojas ◽  
Enrique Cabral-Cano ◽  
Enrique Fernández-Torres ◽  
Emre Havazli ◽  
Shimon Wdowinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Earthquake Triggering ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Flooding Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessments ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract. Mexico City, a large megacity with over 21 million inhabitants, is exposed to several hazards, including land subsidence, earthquakes, and flooding. Hazard assessments for each hazard type is typically treated separately and usually do not include considerations for any relations among the hazards. Our data makes it plausible for an earthquake triggering case that temporarily accelerated the subsidence rate in the metropolitan area as a result of the Mw 8.2 Tehuantepec and the Mw 7.1 Puebla, September 2017 earthquakes that affected Mexico City. Furthermore, the triggering effect induced rapid slip along previously developed shallow faults associated with subsidence. These results indicate that any future scenario of land subsidence should consider a potential triggering effect by large earthquakes. Similarly, earthquake hazard assessments should also consider potential impact on shallow faulting and fracturing associated with land subsidence.

scholarly journals Improving earthquake hazard assessments in Italy: An alternative to “Texas sharpshooting”

Eos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (51) ◽  
pp. 538-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Peresan ◽  
Giuliano F. Panza
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessments

Fault evolution, scaling relationships and hazard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Faure Walker ◽  
Francesco Iezzi ◽  
Gerald Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Fault Geometry ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Hazard Assessments ◽  
Fault Evolution

&lt;p&gt;Changes in fault geometry, throw-rates and slip-rates along the length of a fault are crucial for understanding fault evolution and interaction and need to be incorporated in interpretation of fault scaling relationships and earthquake hazard assessments. Normal fault examples from Iceland and Italy provide examples of soft linkage, breach faults, and bends in faults that can be used to investigate fault growth at different stages of fault linkage. We find that at all stages of fault linkage studied, bends in strike along a fault affect throw-rate profiles along the fault. Crucially, for fault-based seismic hazard assessment, we need to consider how we interpret throw-rate and slip-rate profiles along a fault because how we interpret slip-rate profiles will impact moment release calculations and hence recurrence intervals. We therefore need detailed data regarding fault geometry and slip-rates to inform fault-based seismic hazard assessments, uncertainties and where further study is needed.&lt;/p&gt;

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