scholarly journals New Method for Precise Measurement of Density of Supercritical Fluid over a Wide Range of Pressure

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-380
Author(s):  
Ken YOSHIDA ◽  
Nobuyuki MATUBAYASI ◽  
Masaru NAKAHARA
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
New Method ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Design of Personalized Devices—The Tradeoff between Individual Value and Personalization Workload

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Juliane Kuhl ◽  
Andreas Ding ◽  
Ngoc Tuan Ngo ◽  
Andres Braschkat ◽  
Jens Fiehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
New Method ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Value

Personalized medical devices adapted to the anatomy of the individual promise greater treatment success for patients, thus increasing the individual value of the product. In order to cater to individual adaptations, however, medical device companies need to be able to handle a wide range of internal processes and components. These are here referred to collectively as the personalization workload. Consequently, support is required in order to evaluate how best to target product personalization. Since the approaches presented in the literature are not able to sufficiently meet this demand, this paper introduces a new method that can be used to define an appropriate variety level for a product family taking into account standardized, variant, and personalized attributes. The new method enables the identification and evaluation of personalizable attributes within an existing product family. The method is based on established steps and tools from the field of variant-oriented product design, and is applied using a flow diverter—an implant for the treatment of aneurysm diseases—as an example product. The personalization relevance and adaptation workload for the product characteristics that constitute the differentiating product properties were analyzed and compared in order to determine a tradeoff between customer value and personalization workload. This will consequently help companies to employ targeted, deliberate personalization when designing their product families by enabling them to factor variety-induced complexity and customer value into their thinking at an early stage, thus allowing them to critically evaluate a personalization project.

Cholinium-amino acid based ionic liquids: a new method of synthesis and physico-chemical characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (32) ◽  
pp. 20687-20698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena De Santis ◽  
Giancarlo Masci ◽  
Francesco Casciotta ◽  
Ruggero Caminiti ◽  
Eleonora Scarpellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
New Method ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range

Fourteen cholinium-amino acid based room temperature ionic liquids were prepared using a cleaner synthetic method. Chemicophysical properties were well correlated with the wide range of amino acid chemical structures.

scholarly journals A new entropy-variable-based discretization method for minimum entropy moment approximations of linear kinetic equations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Leibner ◽  
Mario Ohlberger
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Hessian Matrix ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
New Method ◽  
Minimum Entropy ◽  
Reduced Basis ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Moment

In this contribution we derive and analyze a new numerical method for kinetic equations based on a variable transformation of the moment approximation. Classical minimum-entropy moment closures are a class of reduced models for kinetic equations that conserve many of the fundamental physical properties of solutions. However, their practical use is limited by their high computational cost, as an optimization problem has to be solved for every cell in the space-time grid. In addition, implementation of numerical solvers for these models is hampered by the fact that the optimization problems are only well-defined if the moment vectors stay within the realizable set. For the same reason, further reducing these models by, e.g., reduced-basis methods is not a simple task. Our new method overcomes these disadvantages of classical approaches. The transformation is performed on the semi-discretized level which makes them applicable to a wide range of kinetic schemes and replaces the nonlinear optimization problems by inversion of the positive-definite Hessian matrix. As a result, the new scheme gets rid of the realizability-related problems. Moreover, a discrete entropy law can be enforced by modifying the time stepping scheme. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that our new method is often several times faster than the standard optimization-based scheme.

Urinary protein as measured with a pyrogallol red-molybdate complex, manually and in a Hitachi 726 automated analyzer.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Watanabe ◽  
S Kamei ◽  
A Ohkubo ◽  
M Yamanaka ◽  
S Ohsawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
New Method ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Pyrogallol Red ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biuret Method

Abstract In this new method for determining urinary protein, the reaction is complete within 10 min at 37 degrees C. This method is applicable to automated as well as manual measurements. Protein concentration and absorbance at 600 nm are linearly related throughout a wide range of concentrations, 10 to 16 000 mg/L. However, the chromogenicity of the gamma-globulins in this method is 70% of that of albumin, as estimated from results by a biuret method. Within-run CVs were less than 3.3%; the day-to-day CV was 2.9%. Errors due to interfering components in urine are less than 2%. The normal range for urinary protein as measured by this method was from 28 to 141 mg/day. Results by this method (y) and by a trichloroacetic acid-biuret method (x) correlated well (n = 80, r = 0.995; y = 0.99x - 2.9).

scholarly journals Development of a shutterless continuous rotation method using an X-ray CMOS detector for protein crystallography

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Hasegawa ◽  
Kunio Hirata ◽  
Tetsuya Shimizu ◽  
Nobutaka Shimizu ◽  
Takaaki Hikima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Protein Crystallography ◽  
New Method ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Wide Range

A new shutterless continuous rotation method using an X-ray complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector has been developed for high-speed, precise data collection in protein crystallography. The principle of operation and the basic performance of the X-ray CMOS detector (Hamamatsu Photonics KK C10158DK) have been shown to be appropriate to the shutterless continuous rotation method. The data quality of the continuous rotation method is comparable to that of the conventional oscillation method using a CCD detector and, furthermore, the combination with fine φ slicing improves the data accuracy without increasing the data-collection time. The new method is more sensitive to diffraction intensity because of the narrow dynamic range of the CMOS detector. However, the strong diffraction spots were found to be precisely measured by recording them on successive multiple images by selecting an adequate rotation step. The new method has been used to successfully determine three protein structures by multi- and single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing and has thereby been proved applicable in protein crystallography. The apparatus and method may become a powerful tool at synchrotron protein crystallography beamlines with important potential across a wide range of X-ray wavelengths.

A New Method of Relating Airflow Measurements of Fineness and Maturity to the Geometrical Properties of the Cotton Fiber

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 835-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
New Method ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fiber Dimensions ◽  
Coiled Fiber

A new method of estimating cotton fiber dimensions is developed, based on the geometrical properties of a loosely-coiled fiber. The theoretical principles are supported by experimental studies based on actual microscopic measurements of a wide range of cotton fiber types. The procedure involved cutting short segments ( ca. 2 mm) from the midregions of the fibers and mounting them in minimal amounts of a suitable clearing/mounting medium (3 parts 85% lactic acid: 1 part isopropyl alcohol). Fibers so prepared can be measured more accurately then dry fibers, although the mounting medium induces a slight swelling of the fiber walls.

A New Method for Deriving Soliton Design Criteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gus Jeans ◽  
Oliver Jones ◽  
Michael Zhang ◽  
Christopher R. Jackson ◽  
Nataliya Stashchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
New Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Density Structure ◽  
Fourier Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Development ◽  
Sophisticated Model ◽  
Soliton Amplitude

Abstract A new method for deriving extreme soliton current criteria for offshore engineering applications is described. The primary data source was site specific measurement close to the continental shelf break where metocean criteria were required. A dedicated oceanographic mooring was designed to quantify solitons, with rapidly sampled measurement of seawater temperature and velocities through the vertical. As described in two previous OMAE papers, quantification of soliton velocity profiles was achieved via temperature measurement and theory, with measured velocities playing a secondary role in critical validation. The previous methodology was extended in the present study, with separate contributions quantified from variations in soliton amplitude and water column density structure. The nonlinear Fourier techniques first described in OMAE 2017 were again used to reduce uncertainty in estimates of extreme soliton amplitude. In a new development, the long-term distribution of the density structure contribution was quantified using a calibrated hindcast of seawater temperature. Extreme conditions were defined at the boundary of a MITgcm model domain. This sophisticated model was then used to estimate extreme soliton velocities, through the water column and a few metres above the seabed, at a wide range of shallower target locations.

scholarly journals Using depolarization to quantify ice nucleating particle concentrations: a new method

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4639-4657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Zenker ◽  
Kristen N. Collier ◽  
Guanglang Xu ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Ezra J. T. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
New Method ◽  
State University ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
Nominal Size ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. We have developed a new method to determine ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations observed by the Texas A&M University continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) under a wide range of operating conditions. In this study, we evaluate differences in particle optical properties detected by the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer with POLarization (CASPOL) to differentiate between ice crystals, droplets, and aerosols. The depolarization signal from the CASPOL instrument is used to determine the occurrence of water droplet breakthrough (WDBT) conditions in the CFDC. The standard procedure for determining INP concentration is to count all particles that have grown beyond a nominal size cutoff as ice crystals. During WDBT this procedure overestimates INP concentration, because large droplets are miscounted as ice crystals. Here we design a new analysis method based on depolarization ratio that can extend the range of operating conditions of the CFDC. The method agrees reasonably well with the traditional method under non-WDBT conditions with a mean percent error of ±32.1 %. Additionally, a comparison with the Colorado State University CFDC shows that the new analysis method can be used reliably during WDBT conditions.

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