Fundamental Study on the Evaluation of Snow Load on the Roof of a Membrane Structure. Proposal of a suitable roof design for reducing snow load on the roof.

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-338
Author(s):  
Hideharu Yamaguchi ◽  
Toshiyuki Ito ◽  
Tsukasa Tomabechi
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
Roof Design

scholarly journals FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON SLIDING OF SNOW ON THE ROOF OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

1991 ◽  
Vol 426 (0) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Tsukasa TOMABECHI ◽  
Hideharu YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Toshiyuki ITOU ◽  
Masayuki HOSHINO
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Fundamental Study

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE EVALUATION OF SNOW LOAD ON A ROOF OF A MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa TOMABECHI ◽  
Kazuhiko HOSOKAWA ◽  
Hideharu YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Masahiro TAKAKURA ◽  
Kaoru NISHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Snow Load

Snow Wind Tunnel Experiment for Snowdrift Prediction of Domed Stadium

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Sun Young Paek ◽  
Byung Hee Nam ◽  
Jang Youl You ◽  
Ki Pyo You ◽  
Young Moon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Wind Tunnel Test ◽  
Wind Tunnel Experiment ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
Roof Collapse ◽  
Baseball Game ◽  
Under Construction

As baseball gets more and more popular the interest of fans increases. Since baseball game in its nature is influenced very much by weather the necessity of a domed stadium has been raised. At this moment a membrane structured domed stadium is under construction. As can be understood from the roof collapse of Minnesota Metrom by a heavy snowfall in 2011, the snow load occupies a very important part in membrane structure. To calculate the snow load snowdrift prediction is necessary and snow is piled mainly at the side or roof of a building. Hence, in this study a snowdrift wind tunnel test of a domed stadium was made to simulate snowdrift; using it the maximum depth of fresh snowdrift is estimated to be in the range of 3.4cm-37cm on the roof of a domed stadium.

scholarly journals A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON SNOW LOAD EVALUATION CONSIDERING UNCAUGHT RAINFALL BY SURVEY OF CONDITIONS AT WEATHER OBSERVATION STATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (56) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Hajime NAKAJIMA ◽  
Satoshi KOMODA ◽  
Shigeto FUJII ◽  
Yuichiro ISHINABE
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
Load Evaluation ◽  
Weather Observation

Research on the Deflection of Membrane Structure under the Snow Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 1222-1225
Author(s):  
Hong Zeng ◽  
Yu Pu ◽  
Jun Long
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Method ◽  
External Load ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Maximum Deflection ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
Flat Membrane

This paper reviews the research on the deflection of the orthotropic flat membrane and saddle membrane under the external snow load. First the authors analyze the characteristics of snow load and obtain the standard snow load. Second we build the models of the orthotropic flat membrane and saddle membrane under the snow load. Then we deduce and solve the equations set of the two membranes under the effect of the pretension with the perturbation method. So we obtain the relational expression between the maximum deflection of the membrane’s centre point and the external load. At last, suppose that the load was determinate, the authors analyze the change of the deflection of the centre point of the membrane with different pretensions, side lengths and other parameters.

scholarly journals Investigation of snow load reduction in the industrial sheds roof design with photovoltaic systems by mathematical modelling, solar system evaluation, X-steel simulation and thermodynamic practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 011-016
Author(s):  
Ghadami Nasim ◽  
Deravian Bita ◽  
`Deravian Behzad ◽  
Takhtravan Amir ◽  
Khatibi Seyed Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Load ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Roof Design ◽  
Cost Of Construction ◽  
New System

Since snow load is one of the loads of designing the industrial shed roof, this research presents a new system to reduce the industrial sheds roof design. In this system, sensitive units of moisture and temperature, which can be adjusted with different areas, are installed on the shed’s roof. The mechanism of system is that the sensors in the units detect the presence of snow on the shed roof and send an order to connect electricity to the elements; therefore, the snow on the roof melts by the heat generated. In this system, solar panels are used to supply electricity. As with the help of this mechanism, snow does not remain on the roof, it is possible to eliminate the snow load in the calculations of the shed and apply at least the live load of the sixth regulation (Due to having a one-story shed, minimum live load applied and it used only for the foundation design of the structure.), this issue will create an economic plan in shed designing. According to the study conducted in this research, it is shown that the dimensions of the sheet beam used in the shed are reduced, which will significantly reduce the cost of construction and installation to some extent. In the following, two samples of sheds with a span of 20 meters in the presence of snow and the absence of snow in the software were modelled, and the results were compared with each other.

Bimolecular and Monomolecular Lipid Films: Selected Area Electron Diffraction

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser ◽  
David W. Deamer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Lipid Films ◽  
Ultimate Objective

In the investigation of the molecular organization of cell membranes it is often supposed that lipid molecules are arranged in a bimolecular film. X-ray diffraction data obtained in a direction perpendicular to the plane of suitably layered membrane systems have generally been interpreted in accord with such a model of the membrane structure. The present studies were begun in order to determine whether selected area electron diffraction would provide a tool of sufficient sensitivity to permit investigation of the degree of intermolecular order within lipid films. The ultimate objective would then be to apply the method to single fragments of cell membrane material in order to obtain data complementary to the transverse data obtainable by x-ray diffraction.

Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis Membrane Structure

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
H. K. Plummer ◽  
E. Eichen ◽  
C. D. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Scanning Electron

Much of the work reported in the literature on cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes has raised new and important questions with regard to the dense or “active” layer of these membranes. Several thickness values and structures have been attributed to the dense layer. To ensure the correct interpretation of the cellulose acetate structure thirteen different preparative techniques have been used in this investigation. These thirteen methods included various combinations of water substitution, freeze drying, freeze sectioning, fracturing, embedding, and microtomy techniques with both transmission and scanning electron microscope observations.It was observed that several factors can cause a distortion of the structure during sample preparation. The most obvious problem of water removal can cause swelling, shrinking, and folds. Improper removal of embedding materials, when used, can cause a loss of electron image contrast and, or structure which could hinder interpretation.

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