Therapeutic implications of ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera) in the inhibition of liver tissue alterations through the modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and phosphatase, and tensin homolog gene

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
ArshadH Rahmani ◽  
AmjadA Khan ◽  
AliY Babiker ◽  
MasoodA Khan ◽  
MohammadA Alzohairy
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Tensin Homolog ◽  
Tissue Alterations ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

scholarly journals The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment: perspectives for therapeutic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Tamura ◽  
Toshihide Tanaka ◽  
Yasuharu Akasaki ◽  
Yuichi Murayama ◽  
Kazunari Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cells ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract The microvasculature and immune cells are major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hypoxia plays a pivotal role in the TME through hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) which upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF, an angiogenesis stimulator, suppresses tumor immunity by inhibiting the maturation of dendritic cells, and induces immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. HIF-1α directly induces immune checkpoint molecules. VEGF/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-targeted therapy as a cancer treatment has not only anti-angiogenic effects, but also immune-supportive effects. Anti-angiogenic therapy has the potential to change the immunological “cold tumors” into the “hot tumors”. Glioblastoma (GB) is a hypervascular tumor with high VEGF expression which leads to development of an immuno suppressive TME. Therefore, in the last decade, several combination immunotherapies with anti-angiogenic agents have been developed for numerous tumors including GBs. In particular, combination therapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor and VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy has been suggested as a synergic treatment strategy that may show favorable changes in the TME. In this article, we discuss the cross talk among immunosuppressive cells exposed to VEGF in the hypoxic TME of GBs. Current efficient combination strategies using VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy are reviewed and proposed as novel cancer treatments.

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