scholarly journals Oxygen inhibition layer: A dilemma to be solved

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
AartiC Panchal ◽  
Geeta Asthana
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Layer ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition

Enhanced continuous liquid interface production with track-etched membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiong Lin ◽  
Huagang Liu ◽  
Haizhou Huang ◽  
Jianhong Huang ◽  
Kaiming Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Inhibition Layer ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Continuous Liquid Interface Production ◽  
Track Etched Membrane ◽  
Printing Speed ◽  
Etched Membrane

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of an enhanced continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) with a porous track-etched membrane as the oxygen-permeable window, which is prepared by irradiating polyethylene terephthalate membranes with accelerated heavy ions. Design/methodology/approachExperimental approaches are carried out to characterize printing parameters of resins with different photo-initiator concentrations by a photo-polymerization matrix, to experimentally observe and theoretically fit the oxygen inhibition layer thickness during printing under conditions of pure oxygen and air, respectively, and to demonstrate the enhanced CLIP processes by using pure oxygen and air, respectively. FindingsOwing to the high permeability of track-etched membrane, CLIP process is demonstrated with printing speed up to 800 mm/h in the condition of pure oxygen, which matches well with the theoretically predicted maximum printing speed at difference light expose. Making a trade-off between printing speed and surface quality, maximum printing speed of 470 mm/h is also obtained even using air. As the oxygen inhibition layer created by air is thinner than that by pure oxygen, maximum speed cannot be simply increased by intensifying the light exposure as the case with pure oxygen. Originality/valueCLIP process is capable of building objects continuously instead of the traditional layer-by-layer manner, which enables tens of times improvement in printing speed. This work presents an enhanced CLIP process by first using a porous track-etched membrane to serve as the oxygen permeable window, in which a record printing speed up to 800 mm/h using pure oxygen is demonstrated. Owing to the high permeability of track-etched membrane, continuous process at a speed of 470 mm/h is also achieved even using air instead of pure oxygen, which is of significance for a compact robust high-speed 3D printer.

scholarly journals Effect of Oxygen Inhibition Layer of Universal Adhesives on Enamel Bond Fatigue Durability and Interfacial Characteristics With Different Etching Modes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ouchi ◽  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
K Nojiri ◽  
K Hirai ◽  
T Takamizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Inhibition Layer ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition ◽  
Fatigue Durability ◽  
Shear Fatigue ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Interfacial Characteristics

SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the oxygen inhibition layer of universal adhesive on enamel bond fatigue durability and interfacial characteristics with different etching modes. Methods: The three universal adhesives used were Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), Adhese Universal (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein), and G-Premio Bond (GC, Tokyo, Japan). The initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength to enamel was determined in the presence and absence of the oxygen inhibition layer, with and without phosphoric acid pre-etching. The water contact angle was also measured in all groups using the sessile drop method. Results: The enamel bonding specimens with an oxygen inhibition layer showed significantly higher (p<0.05) initial shear bond strengths and shear fatigue strengths than those without, regardless of the adhesive type and etching mode. Moreover, the water contact angles on the specimens with an oxygen inhibition layer were significantly lower (p<0.05) than on those without, regardless of etching mode. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the oxygen inhibition layer of universal adhesives significantly increases the enamel bond fatigue durability and greatly changes interfacial characteristics, suggesting that the bond fatigue durability and interfacial characteristics of these adhesives strongly rely on its presence.

scholarly journals The effect of glycerin on the surface hardness and roughness of nanofill composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Diana Zakiyah ◽  
Ruslan Effendy ◽  
Edhie Arif Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Inhibition Layer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Present research studied the surface hardness and roughness dependence on polymerization. Polymerization of composites occurs through chain reaction that is induced by free radicals. Oxygen in the air decreases the excitability of the photo initiator, causing polymerization interference. Oxygen inhibition layer (OIL) is formed on the surface. OIL can be reduced by curing the composite through by application of glycerin to the surface. Purpose: To determine the effect of glycerin on the surface hardness and roughness of nanofill composite. Material and Methods: 64 specimens of composite (Z350 XT, 3M) were prepared using a disc-shaped acrylic. The groups were divided into group A surface hardness (N=32) and group B surface roughness (N=32). Group A1, the specimen was coated with glycerin and light cured for 20 s and group A2, the specimen was exposed to air and light cured for 20 s. Group B1 was coated with glycerin and light cured for 20 s and Group B2 was exposed to air and light cured for 20 s. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h at 370. Measuring with Vickers and surface roughness tester and. Data were statistically analyzed using Mean-whitney U Test. Results: There were statiscally significant difference between the surface hardness and roughness of nanofill composite coated with glycerin and without glycerin (p<0,05) Conclusion: The surface hardness of nanofill composite resin coated with glycerin is higher than composite without glycerin and the surface roughness of nanofill composite resin coated with glycerin is lower than composite without glycerin

Study of separation force in constrained surface projection stereolithography

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayue Pan ◽  
Haiyang He ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Alan Feinerman
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Inhibition Layer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Surface Projection ◽  
Projection Stereolithography ◽  
Separation Force

Purpose Recently, the constrained surface projection stereolithography (SL) technology is gaining wider attention and has been widely used in the 3D printing industry. In constrained surface projection SL systems, the separation of a newly cured layer from the constrained surface is a historical technical barrier. It greatly limits printable size, process reliability and print speed. Moreover, over-large separation force leads to adhesion failures in manufacturing processes, causing broken constrained surface and part defects. Against this background, this paper investigates the formation of separation forces and various factors that affect the separation process in constrained surface projection SL systems. Design/methodology/approach A bottom-up projection SL testbed, integrated with an in-situ separation force measurement unit, is developed for experimental study. Separation forces under various manufacturing process settings and constrained surface conditions are measured in situ. Additionally, physical models are constructed by considering the liquid resin filling process. Experiments are conducted to investigate influences of manufacturing process settings, constrained surface condition and print geometry on separation forces. Findings Separation forces increase linearly with the separation speed. The deformation and the oxygen inhibition layer near the constrained surface greatly reduce separation forces. The printing area, area/perimeter ratio and the degree of porousness of print geometries have a combined effect on determining separation forces. Originality/value This paper studied factors that influence separation force in constrained surface SL processes. Constrained surface conditions including oxygen inhibition layer thickness, deformation and oxygen permeation capability were investigated, and their influences on separation forces were revealed. Moreover, geometric factors of printing layers that are significant on determining separation forces have been identified and quantified. This study on separation forces provides a solid base for future work on adaptive control of constrained surface projection SL processes.

Construction of a durable superhydrophobic surface based on the oxygen inhibition layer of organosilicon resins

2021 ◽  
Vol 717 ◽  
pp. 138467
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Zhao ◽  
Susu Chen ◽  
Wenlu Su ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Xiao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
Inhibition Layer ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition

scholarly journals The Dependence of the Oxygen-Concentrating Mechanism of the Teleost Eye (Salmo gairdneri) on the Enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Fairbanks ◽  
J. Russell Hoffert ◽  
Paul O. Fromm
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition ◽  
Rete Mirabile ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
The One ◽  
Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase

Microoxygen polarographic electrodes were constructed and used to measure oxygen tension (POO2) in the eyes of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The values obtained are compared with arterial blood and environmental water POO2 and indicate that there is an oxygen-concentrating mechanism in the eye supplying oxygen to the avascular retina. Anatomically similar retes suggest that the mechanism is similar to the one which exists in the swim bladder. Elimination of the arterial blood supply to the choroidal gland rete mirabile of the eye (through pseudobranchectomy) and the consequent lowering of ocular oxygen tensions implicate the choroidal gland as one of the major components of the oxygen-concentrating mechanism. After pseudobranchectomy the presence of ocular POO2 above that of arterial blood is indicative of a secondary structure in the eye capable of concentrating oxygen. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, using acetazolamide, is shown to result in complete suppression of the oxygen-concentrating mechanism. A hypothesis is advanced for the participation of retinal-choroidal and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase in the oxygen-concentrating mechanism.

Influence of Oxide Morphologies on the Galvanizability of the Third Generation Automotive Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
She Ming Jiang ◽  
Shi Jie Feng ◽  
Zhen Hua Li ◽  
Qi Fu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Oxides ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Xps Analysis ◽  
Inhibition Layer ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surface Oxides ◽  
Automotive Steel ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Focusing on improving the galvanizability of the third generation automotive steel, the effect of surface oxides morphologies on the galvanizability was studied. The results show that the surface oxide types of sample steels by XPS analysis after annealing in different conditions are the same, only MnO and Cr2O3 were detected and no complex oxides exist on the surface. Morphologies of surface oxides can greatly influence the galvanizability of the third generation automotive steel, nodule-like oxides surface can contribute to better wettability and inhibition layer than vitreous film-like oxides surface. Galvanizing panels of nodule-like oxides surface steels only show pinhole-sized bare spots, while panels galvanized from vitreous film-like oxide surface steels reveal larger areas of bare spots and uncoated areas. Inhibition layer observed in galvanizing panels of nodule-like oxides surface steels are compact but not homogeneous, some inhibition layer grains are fine, and others are coarse. While the inhibition layer grains of panels galvanized from vitreous film-like oxide surface steels have a non-compact morphology with some particularly fine equiaxed crystals which developed deficiently.

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Treatment and Storage Time on Immediate Repair Bond Strength Durability of Methacrylate- and Ormocer-Based Bulk Fill Resin Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8308
Author(s):  
Farid S. El-Askary ◽  
Sara A. Botros ◽  
Mutlu Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Effect Of Surface

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment and storage time on immediate repair bond durability of methacrylate- and ormocer-based bulk fill composites. In total, 265 discs were divided into 32 groups (n = 8/group) according to: (1) Material: X-tra fil and Admira Fusion X-tra; (2) Surface treatment: oxygen inhibition; matrix; Futurabond M+; Silane/Futurabond M+; Admira Bond; Silane/Admira Bond; ceramic repair system; and Silane/Cimara bond; and (3) Storage time: 24 h and 6 months. Each disc received three micro-cylinders from the same material. Specimens were subjected to micro-shear bond strength testing either at 24 h or 6 months. Data were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey’s test/Student t-test (p = 0.05). All experimental factors had significant effect on bond strength (p < 0.0001). Drop in bond strength was noticed in both materials after six months (p < 0.05), except for Admira Fusion X-tra treated with silane/cimara adhesive (p = 0.860). Both materials showed insignificant values with Admira bond either at 24 h or 6 months (p = 0.275 and p = 0.060, respectively). For other treatments, X-tra fil showed significantly higher values at 24 h and 6 months (p < 0.05). Ceramic repair system can be used to immediately repair both methacrylate- and ormocer-based composites.

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