scholarly journals Increased risk of alopecia areata among patients with endometriosis: A longitudinal study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Mu-Hong Chen ◽  
Ying-Xiu Dai ◽  
Ying-Hsuan Tai ◽  
Yun-Ting Chang ◽  
Tzeng-Ji Chen
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Occasional and persistent frequent attenders and sickness absences in occupational health primary care: a longitudinal study in Finland

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia T M Reho ◽  
Salla A Atkins ◽  
Nina Talola ◽  
Markku P T Sumanen ◽  
Mervi Viljamaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Frequent Attenders ◽  
Frequent Attendance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Working Age

ObjectivesFrequent attenders (FAs) create a substantial portion of primary care workload but little is known about FAs’ sickness absences. The aim of the study is to investigate how occasional and persistent frequent attendance is associated with sickness absences among the working population in occupational health (OH) primary care.Setting and participantsThis is a longitudinal study using medical record data (2014–2016) from an OH care provider in Finland. In total, 59 676 patients were included and categorised into occasional and persistent FAs or non-FAs. Sick-leave episodes and their lengths were collected along with associated diagnostic codes. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations between FA status and sick leaves of different lengths (1–3, 4–14 and ≥15 days).ResultsBoth occasional and persistent FA had more and longer duration of sick leave than non-FA through the study years. Persistent FAs had consistently high absence rates. Occasional FAs had elevated absence rates even 2 years after their frequent attendance period. Persistent FAs (OR=11 95% CI 7.54 to 16.06 in 2016) and occasional FAs (OR=2.95 95% CI 2.50 to 3.49 in 2016) were associated with long (≥15 days) sickness absence when compared with non-FAs. Both groups of FAs had an increased risk of long-term sick leaves indicating a risk of disability pension.ConclusionBoth occasional and persistent FAs should be identified in primary care units caring for working-age patients. As frequent attendance is associated with long sickness absences and possibly disability pensions, rehabilitation should be directed at this group to prevent work disability.

Increased Risk of Malaria During the First Year of Life in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants: A Longitudinal Study in Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (10) ◽  
pp. 1642-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Agbota ◽  
Manfred Accrombessi ◽  
Gilles Cottrell ◽  
Yves Martin-Prével ◽  
Jacqueline Milet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
First Year ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Year Of Life

Outcomes of temperamental inhibition in young children are moderated by attentional biases

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie He ◽  
Shuyi Zhai ◽  
Weiyang Wu ◽  
Liyue Lou
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Internalizing Behaviors ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Cueing Task ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Parental Reports ◽  
Reward Bias

The current longitudinal study examined the association of temperamental inhibition (assessed by behavioral observation and parental reports) at three years old with reward and punishment bias (measured by a spatial cueing task) and mothers’ and teachers’ reports of internalizing behaviors and social competence at five years old in 153 Chinese children. As predicted, behavioral inhibition positively predicted later mother-rated internalizing behaviors. In addition, punishment bias moderated this relation such that children with higher punishment bias showed a positive inhibition–internalizing link. Furthermore, inhibition negatively predicted both mother-rated and teacher-rated social competence. However, novel findings were that reward bias moderated the relation between inhibition and teacher-rated social competence, such that inhibited children showed an increased risk of low competence when they had lower reward bias.

scholarly journals Investigating whether adverse prenatal and perinatal events are associated with non-clinical psychotic symptoms at age 12 years in the ALSPAC birth cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1457-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zammit ◽  
D. Odd ◽  
J. Horwood ◽  
A. Thompson ◽  
K. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinical Disorders

BackgroundNon-clinical psychosis-like symptoms (PLIKS) occur in about 15% of the population. It is not clear whether adverse events during early development alter the risk of developing PLIKS. We aimed to examine whether maternal infection, diabetes or pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, gestational age, perinatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation or 5-min Apgar score were associated with development of psychotic symptoms during early adolescence.MethodA longitudinal study of 6356 12-year-old adolescents who completed a semi-structured interview for psychotic symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Prenatal and perinatal data were obtained from obstetric records and maternal questionnaires completed during pregnancy.ResultsThe presence of definite psychotic symptoms was associated with maternal infection during pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.86, p=0.006], maternal diabetes (adjusted OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.14–10.36, p=0.029), need for resuscitation (adjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.97–2.31, p=0.065) and 5-min Apgar score (adjusted OR per unit decrease 1.30, 95% CI 1.12–1.50, p<0.001). None of these associations were mediated by childhood IQ score. Most associations persisted, but were less strong, when including suspected symptoms as part of the outcome. There was no association between PLIKS and gestational age or pre-eclampsia.ConclusionsAdverse events during early development may lead to an increased risk of developing PLIKS. Although the status of PLIKS in relation to clinical disorders such as schizophrenia is not clear, the similarity between these results and findings reported for schizophrenia indicates that future studies of PLIKS may help us to understand how psychotic experiences and clinical disorders develop throughout the life-course.

scholarly journals Mild cognitive impairment: prevalence and incidence according to different diagnostic criteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Busse ◽  
Jeannette Bischkopf ◽  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller ◽  
Matthias C. Angermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundAlthough mild cognitive impairment is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, there has been little work on its incidence and prevalence.AimsTo report age-specific prevalence, incidence and predictive validities for four diagnostic concepts of mild cognitive impairment.MethodA community sample of 1045 dementia-free individuals aged 75 years and over was examined by neuropsychological testing in a three-wave longitudinal study.ResultsPrevalence rates ranged from 3% to 20%, depending on the concept applied. The annual incidence rates applying different case definitions varied from 8 to 77 per 1000 person-years. Rates of conversion to dementia over 2.6 years ranged from 23% to 47%.ConclusionsMild cognitive impairment is frequent in older people. Prevalence, incidence and predictive validities are highly dependent on the diagnostic criteria applied.

scholarly journals Race, Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, and Lifetime Non-Medical Use of Prescription Painkillers: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12289
Author(s):  
Amy Ehntholt ◽  
Roman Pabayo ◽  
Lisa Berkman ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The misuse of prescription painkillers is a major contributor to the ongoing drug overdose epidemic. This study investigated variability in non-medical use of prescription painkillers (NMUPP) by race and early-life socioeconomic status (SES) in a sample now at increased risk for opioid overdose. Data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,602) were used to calculate prevalence of reported NMUPP by Wave 4 (2008; mean age 28), and to assess variation by race and by equivalized household family income at Wave 1 (1994/5). Predicted values for prevalence of NMUPP were modelled, adjusting for age, sex, parental education, and region. Race and SES in adolescence were associated with later reported NMUPP. A gradient was seen in prevalence by SES (adjusted: family income quartile 1 = 13.3%; quartile 2 = 13.8%; quartile 3 = 14.8%; quartile 4 = 16.0%; trend p-value = 0.007). Prevalence was higher among males. Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence were seen (non-Hispanic white (NHW) = 18.5%; non-Hispanic black (NHB) = 5.8%; Hispanic = 10.5%; Other = 10.0%). SES differences were less pronounced upon stratification, with trend tests significant only among females (p = 0.004), and marginally significant among Hispanic males (p = 0.06). Early-life SES was associated with reported lifetime NMUPP: the higher the family income in adolescence, the greater the likelihood of NMUPP by young adulthood. Variations in NMUPP by income paled in comparison with racial/ethnic differences. Results point to a possible long-enduring association between SES and NMUPP, and a need to examine underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Alopecia areata is not a risk factor for heart diseases: A 10-year retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250216
Author(s):  
Heera Lee ◽  
You Chan Kim ◽  
Jee Woong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune skin disease caused by chronic inflammation of hair follicles. Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and lupus erythematosus can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between AA and heart diseases (HDs) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective cohort study to evaluate the risk of subsequent HDs in patients with AA. We reviewed 3770 cases of AA and from 18,850 age, sex, and income level-matched controls from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. In the subgroup analysis, patients who suffered from alopecia totalis, alopecia universalis, and ophiasis were designated as patients with severe AA and patients having the disease for over a year were designated as patients with long-standing AA. As a result, we found that AA was not associated with a higher risk of heart failure, angina pectoris, or myocardial infarction. There was no significant increase in the risk of overall HD associated with AA (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.93–1.48; p = 0.177). Neither the severity nor the duration of AA was related to an increased risk of HDs. During the study period, AA patients did not show a significantly higher cumulative incidence of HDs than controls (log-rank p = 0.157). In conclusion, AA does not increase the risk of HD.

Abstract P283: Disparities in Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease by Sexual Orientation and Race/Ethnicity: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari J Clark ◽  
Iris W Borowsky ◽  
Alvaro Alonso ◽  
Rachael A Spencer ◽  
Susan A Everson-Rose
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be higher in sexual minorities, but epidemiologic evidence is sparse. We used a nationally representative sample of young adults to examine sex-specific disparities in global CVD risk by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity. Methods: Data were from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health subjects who participated in wave 4 (2008-09) and who had valid weights and non-missing data (7087 women; 6340 men). Age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, financial stress, and CVD risk factors (body mass index, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and use of antihypertensive medication) were collected via an in-home interview. We calculated the 30-Year risk for total CVD using a Framingham-based prediction model. Sex-specific differences in 30-year risk of CVD by sexual orientation were calculated with weighted linear models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, and financial distress. Sex-specific interactions between race/ethnicity and sexual orientation were tested. Results: Mean age was 28.9 ± .2 years; 93% (n=5912) of male participants were heterosexual, 4% (n=258) were bisexual, and 2% (n=170) were gay. 80% (n=5713) of female participants were heterosexual, 18% (n=1243) were bisexual, and 2% (n=131) were lesbian. Average 30-year risk of CVD was 17.2 ± .5% in men and 9.0 ± .3% in women. Differences in CVD risk by sexual orientation were not detectable for men (p=.59). Compared to heterosexual women, bisexual and lesbian women had a .9% (95% CI: .3, 1.4) and 2.0% (95% CI: .7, 3.2) higher risk of CVD, respectively. In race/ethnicity stratified models (interaction p-value=.01), an increased risk among sexual minorities, especially lesbians, was detectable except among Hispanic women (Figure). Conclusion: Disparities in global CVD risk were observed by sexual orientation for women and persisted across most racial/ethnic groups. Sexual orientation may be a marker of increased risk of CVD but more research on contributing factors is needed.

scholarly journals Anthropometric indices predict physical function and mobility in older Australians: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Bannerman ◽  
Michelle D Miller ◽  
Lynne A Daniels ◽  
Lynne Cobiac ◽  
Lynne C Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Australian Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:To evaluate, in terms of function and mobility, the predictive value of commonly adopted anthropometric ‘definitions’ used in the nutritional assessment of older adults, in a cohort of older Australians.Design:Prospective cohort study – Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA).Setting:Adelaide, South Australia (1992–1994).Subjects:Data were analysed from 1272 non-institutionalised (685 males, 587 females) older adults ≥70 years old in South Australia. Seven ‘definitions’ commonly used in the anthropometric assessment of both under- and overnutrition (including four using body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and percentage weight change) were evaluated at baseline, for their ability to predict functional and mobility limitation assessed (by self-report questionnaire) at two years follow-up. All questionnaires were administered and anthropometry performed by trained investigators. The associations between the definitions and decline in mobility and physical function were evaluated over two years using multiple logistic regression.Results:A BMI >85th percentile or >30 kgm−2 or a waist circumference of >102 cm in males and >88 cm in females increased risk of functional and mobility limitations. Over two years, a loss of 10% body weight significantly increased the risk of functional and mobility limitations.Conclusion:Maintaining weight within older adults, irrespective of initial body weight, may be important in preventing functional and mobility limitations. Excessive weight is associated with an increased risk of limitation in function and mobility, both key components of health-related quality of life.

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