scholarly journals Immune-mediated movement disorders, neuronal antibodies, and paraneoplastic syndromes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Jamir Pitton Rissardo ◽  
AnaLetícia Fornari Caprara
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Paraneoplastic Syndromes ◽  
Immune Mediated

scholarly journals Tics in patients with encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Badenoch ◽  
Tamara Searle ◽  
Iona Watson ◽  
Andrea E. Cavanna
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Encephalitis Lethargica ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Background Movement disorders have been described in the context of different types of encephalitis. Among hyperkinetic manifestations, tics have sporadically been reported in cases of encephalitis resulting from a range of aetiologies. Objective This review aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of tics in patients with encephalitis. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of original studies on the major scientific databases, according to the standards outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results In addition to the established association between tics and encephalitis lethargica, our literature search identified reports of tics in patients with immune-mediated pathologies (including autoimmune encephalitides affecting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, voltage-gated potassium channels, and glycine receptors) and infective processes (ranging from relatively common viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex, to prions, as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Tics were most commonly reported in the post-encephalitic period and involvement of the basal ganglia was frequently observed. Discussion The association of new-onset tics and encephalitis, in the background of other neuropsychiatric abnormalities, has practical implications, potentially improving the detection of encephalitis based on clinical features. Future research should focus on the categorisation and treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders associated with encephalitis.

scholarly journals Immune-Mediated Cutaneous Paraneoplastic Syndromes Associated With Hematologic Malignancies: Skin as a Mirror of Hematologic Neoplasms

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose C Alvarez-Payares ◽  
Angel Molina ◽  
Simon Gallo ◽  
Julian Ramirez ◽  
Juan Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Paraneoplastic Syndromes ◽  
Hematologic Neoplasms ◽  
Immune Mediated

scholarly journals Movement Disorders Associated with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mehri Salari ◽  
Bahareh Zaker Harofteh ◽  
Masoud Etemadifar ◽  
Nahad Sedaghat ◽  
Hosein Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Immune Mediated

As neurological complications associated with COVID-19 keep unfolding, the number of cases with COVID-19-associated de novo movement disorders is rising. Although no clear pathomechanistic explanation is provided yet, the growing number of these cases is somewhat alarming. This review gathers information from 64 reports of de novo movement disorders developing after/during infection with SARS-CoV-2. Three new cases with myoclonus occurring shortly after a COVID-19 infection are also presented. Treatment resulted in partial to complete recovery in all three cases. Although the overall percentage of COVID-19 patients who develop movement disorders is marginal, explanations on a probable causal link have been suggested by numerous reports; most commonly involving immune-mediated and postinfectious and less frequently hypoxic-associated and ischemic-related pathways. The current body of evidence points myoclonus and ataxia out as the most frequent movement disorders occurring in COVID-19 patients. Some cases of tremor, chorea, and hypokinetic-rigid syndrome have also been observed in association with COVID-19. In particular, parkinsonism may be of dual concern in the setting of COVID-19; some have linked viral infections with Parkinson’s disease (PD) based on results from cerebrospinal fluid analyses, and PD is speculated to impact the outcome of COVID-19 in patients negatively. In conclusion, the present paper reviewed the demographic, clinical, and treatment-associated information on de novo movement disorders in COVID-19 patients in detail; it also underlined the higher incidence of myoclonus and ataxia associated with COVID-19 than other movement disorders.

scholarly journals A review of psychiatric co-morbidity described in genetic and immune mediated movement disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Peall ◽  
M.S. Lorentzos ◽  
I. Heyman ◽  
M.A.J. Tijssen ◽  
M.J. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Co Morbidity

Extinguishing a “Burning Fire”

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Aaron E. Miller ◽  
Tracy M. DeAngelis ◽  
Michelle Fabian ◽  
Ilana Katz Sand
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorder ◽  
Paraneoplastic Syndromes ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Isaacs Syndrome ◽  
Thymic Carcinomas

Isaacs syndrome is a rThTare acquired neuromuscular disorder characterized by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. Symptoms involve progressive muscle pain, stiffness, and notable continuous diffuse myokymic muscle-twitching clinically consistent with neuromyotonia. There can be associated weakness, hyporeflexia, numbness, dysesthesias, and hyperhidrosis. Isaacs syndrome generally presents between ages 25–60, more commonly in men. Etiologies include autoimmune, often paraneoplastic, syndromes, typically associated with malignant thymic carcinomas. Therapeutic management involves treating the underlining malignancy, as well as using immune-mediated therapies including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, and rituximab. The long-term prognosis for patients with Isaacs syndrome varies, generally dependent on the underlying cause. While Isaacs syndrome is a chronic condition without a cure, it is generally treatable and not fatal.

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