scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Tuberculosis Patients in Mumbai

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 012-014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya S Sawant ◽  
Sachee R Agrawal ◽  
Jayanthi S Shastri ◽  
Medha Pawaskar ◽  
Pradeep Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the most powerful risk factor for the progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to Tuberculosis (TB) disease. TB accelerates the progression of HIV infection to AIDS and shortens the survival of such patients. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of HIV infection among TB confirmed patients in a tertiary care center in Mumbai in view of the significance of HIV in TB. Its association with gender and age was also determined. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 432 TB patients and their HIV status was determined. HIV antibody detection was carried out as per Strategy III, National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) guidelines. Statistical analysis was carried out by applying the Chi-square test. Results and Conclusion: Of the 432 patients screened, 9% (39) were HIV positive. The prevalence of co-infection was higher among females (9.4%) than the male (8.7%) patients and highest amongst those aged 21to40 years (13.7%). Co-infection was found to be statistically highly associated with age (p < 0.05). This high prevalence calls for routine screening of TB patients for HIV infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients at tertiary care combined hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Rakesh Basavareddy ◽  
Asha Basavareddy ◽  
Shimoga Laxman Ravi ◽  
Bilagumba Ramu Kiran ◽  
Gadwalkar R. Srikant
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have reached epidemic proportions in our country. This study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence of HIV infection among TB patients and to evaluate the various clinical features of TB in seropositive and seronegative patients. This study was undertaken in Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary. It was cross-sectional comparative observational study conducted from December 2010 to May 2012. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with TB satisfying inclusion criteria were selected for the study. All patients went through a detailed evaluation along with testing for HIV seroprevalence. Chi-square and Student’s t-tests used to find the significance between two groups. Results: The overall HIV seroprevalence among TB patients was 8%. Seroprevalence was highest in the age group between 31 and 40 years at 29.41% (odds ratio [OR] = 11.11, P = 0.003). It was found that seropositive TB patients were more likely to present with significant weight loss (OR = 19.25, P= 0.000), and have lymphadenopathy OR = 13.24, P = 0.002) and oral candidiasis (OR = 49.44, P = 0.000) on examination. Bilateral chest radiographic involvement (OR = 57.40, P = 0.000) and the disseminated variety of the disease (OR = 29.67, P = 0.001) are also more probable. Conclusions: Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence is quite high among TB patients in Bellary. During the evaluation of TB patients, the possibility of HIV co-infection should be kept in mind, and thus adequate knowledge of the likely clinical features is absolutely necessary.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of HIV in blood donors at tertiary care center, M.Y.H. Indore, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Priyanka Solanki ◽  
Ashok Yadav ◽  
Khushboo Likhar
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Voluntary Donor

Background: Transfusion of blood has become an important mode of transmission of infections such as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B to the recipients. Blood transfusion is a boon in medical era if properly screened. The aim of study was to determine the seroprevalence of HIV donors in blood bank at M.Y.H. Indore.Methods: The study was conducted in the blood bank, M.Y.H. Hospital, Indore. Total 115775 donors attending blood bank were included in the study. All the donor samples were screened for detection of antibodies for human immunodeficiency virus by microwell Enzyme Linked Immunosorption Assay (ELISA) method. The seroprevalence of HIV infection among the donors was determined over a period of five years since January 2013 to December 2017.Results: Total 115775 blood donors were recorded. Out of total 115775 blood donors included in the study, replacement donor were 10766 (9.29%) while voluntary donor were 105009 (90.70%). In the duration of five-year study period, total 80 cases (0.06%) were reactive to HIV. Out of total 115775 blood donors included in the study, maximum cases i.e. 22 (0.08%) cases were found to be positive for HIV infection in year 2017. Out of 10766 replacement donors included in the study, 64 cases (0.59%) were reactive to HIV infection. While out of 105009 voluntary donors, 16 cases (0.01%) were found to be reactive to HIV infection. Voluntary donors are more as compared to the replacement donors. Number of HIV positive patients were found to more in replacement donor as compared to the voluntary donors.Conclusions: The seroprevalence of HIV is low in this study and hence it is concluded that the more the number of voluntary donors, the less the number of HIV positive cases. Voluntary donors can be motivated by proper health education and high quality screening programs.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Testing by Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent and Western Blot Assays Using Serum, Gingival-Crevicular Transudate, and Urine Samples

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1100-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prudencio Martínez Martínez ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez Torres ◽  
Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu ◽  
Ana Montoya ◽  
José Francisco Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible utilization of saliva and urine as alternative samples to serum for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A total of 302 individuals participated in the study: 187 HIV-infected individuals (106 had Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] stage II infection, 19 had CDC stage III infection, and 62 had CDC stage IV infection) and 115 noninfected persons (46 of the noninfected persons were blood donors and 69 belonged to a group at high risk of HIV infection). Paired saliva and urine samples were taken from each of the participants in the study. The presence of HIV-specific antibodies was detected by an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA), and the result was confirmed by Western blot analysis (WB). The ELFA with saliva gave maximum sensitivity and specificity values, while ELFA had lower sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (97.4%) values for detection of HIV antibody in urine samples. WB with all saliva samples fulfilled the World Health Organization criterion for positivity, while only 96.8% of the urine samples were confirmed to be positive by WB. Among the four reactivity patterns found by WB of these alternative samples, the most frequent included bands against three groups of HIV structural proteins (was ENV, POL, and GAG). The reactivity bands most frequently observed were those for the proteins gp160 and gp120. The least common reactivity band was the band for protein p17. The detection of HIV antibodies in saliva samples by means of ELFA with the possibility of later confirmation by WB makes saliva an alternative to serum for possible use in the diagnosis of infection. In contrast, HIV antibody detection in urine samples by the same methodology (ELFA) could be taken into consideration for use in epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Correlation of Hormonal Profile and Lipid Levels with Female Adult Acne in a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Relationship Of

 Background: Acne beyond 25 years of age is frequently associated with hormonal derangement in women. Hormonal association provides the impetus for hormonal therapy as well as underpins the need for blood investigations in this population. Hence, we aim to estimate the presence of hormonal derangement and lipid alteration in female adult acne.Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in Dhulikhel Hospital from July 2015 to February 2016. Females older than 25 years with acne were taken in the study after informed consent. Total 100 patients were enrolled aftersample sizeestimation. Hormonal paneland lipid profile were measured. Hormones tested were androgens, C-peptide and thyroid stimulating hormone. Data analysis was done with SPSS-23. Bivariate analysis was done by chi-square test for categorical data.Results: In this study, majority of patients were younger than 30 years (70.5%) and perioral area most commonly involved. Hormonal alteration was seen in 37.2% patients, among which 17.9% had hyperandrogenism, 15.4% had abnormal thyroid level and 10.3% had high C-peptides respectively. Lipid profile was altered in 15.4% patients. Hormonal alteration had significant association with irregular menstruation (P<0.05) but not acne severity.Conclusions: We observed hormonal alteration frequently in females with adult acne, which comprised of various hormonal parameters including hyperandrogenism. Hormonal alteration reflects deranged metabolic milieu and we suggestthat wide hormonal panel should be done in female adult acne. Relationship of hormones with menstrual irregularity but not with acne severity, suggest that clinical symptoms should lead hormonal investigations in all grades of acne.

Validation of a Breastfeeding History Questionnaire for the Risk of In-Hospital Formula Supplementation Among Multiparous Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Bender ◽  
Nathanael C. Koelper ◽  
Mary D. Sammel ◽  
Celeste Durnwald
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: A woman’s prior breastfeeding history may influence future decisions regarding infant feeding. Few quantitative tools utilizing this information have been demonstrated to predict breastfeeding success. Research aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a prenatal breastfeeding history (BAP) questionnaire administered in prenatal care to predict in-hospital formula supplementation among multiparous women. Methods: This is a prospective observational study of multiparous women with singleton pregnancies who presented to a Baby-Friendly urban tertiary care center for 1st prenatal visit at < 20 weeks’ gestation. The BAP tool generates a numerical score, with higher score (≥ 2) indicating prior successful breastfeeding experiences. The primary outcome was occurrence of non-medically indicated formula supplementation during the postpartum hospital stay. Student’s t test and Pearson’s chi-square test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship of BAP score to formula supplementation. Of 587 women screened, 433 (73.8%) mother–infant dyads were analyzed. Results: Rates of formula supplementation in women with BAP scores ≤ 1 were 67% (156/234) compared with 37% (73/199) in women with higher scores ( p < 0.0001). After controlling for race/ethnicity, insurance, and obesity, women with BAP scores of ≤ 1 were 2.6 times more likely to supplement formula than women with higher scores (a OR 2.62, 95% CI [1.70, 4.04], p < .0001). Conclusion: In this prospective validation study, women with negative prior breastfeeding experiences, as evidenced by a lower BAP score, were more likely to supplement formula during the postpartum hospital stay.

scholarly journals Types and Patterns of Colonic Polyps Encountered at a Tertiary Care Center in a Developing Country in South Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe ◽  
Sanjeev F. Samaranayaka ◽  
Chamila Lakmal ◽  
Sashi Mathotaarachchi ◽  
Chula Kanishka Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Colonic Polyps ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Tubular Adenoma ◽  
Tubulovillous Adenoma ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Purpose. To identify the prevalence, types, and patterns of colonic polyps in a cohort of patients presenting to a tertiary care referral center in Sri Lanka.Methods. Endoscopy and pathology reports of a single unit from 2006 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Spearman’s correlation coefficient and chi-square test were used to identify correlations.Results. There were a total of 158 patients (M : F, 10 : 57) who had polyps encountered on colonoscopy (n=1408) and flexible sigmoidoscopy (n=2402) with an incidence of 4.1%. Mean age was 56.5 years (SD 16.4) and the incidence of polyps increased with age. The majority (81.6%) had one polyp. A total of 188 polyps were assessed and most were seen in the rectum (33.5%) followed by sigmoid colon (22.9%). The commonest histological type was tubulovillous adenoma (33.5%) followed by tubular adenoma (24.5%). Most polyps were benign (91.5%). There was no statistically significant correlation with age or gender with malignancy, site, or histology.Discussion and Conclusion. The incidence of colorectal polyps was lower than the values reported in the west. More polyps were identified in males. There was no statistically significant association between age, gender, or multiplicity and malignant change in the polyps.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Quantiplex Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA 3.0 Assay in a Tertiary-Care Center

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Gale
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinically Significant

ABSTRACT The Quantiplex human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA 3.0 Assay (bDNA) (Bayer Diagnostics, Walpole, Mass.) produced linear and reproducible (intra-assay and interassay) results over its quantification range of 50 to 500,000 copies/ml of plasma with 96% specificity. A threefold or 0.5-log10 change or greater was clinically significant for serial patient samples.

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