scholarly journals The impact of 2 dipping systems on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in 4 communally grazed areas in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.O. Rikhotso ◽  
W.H. Stoltsz ◽  
N.R. Bryson ◽  
J.E.M. Sommerville
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Endemic Stability ◽  
Clinical Cases

A 12-month study was conducted in 4 communal grazing areas in the Bushbuckridge region, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The main objective was to investigate the impact of reduced acaricide application on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis (Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in the local cattle population. To this end 60 cattle in each communal grazing area were bled at the beginning and the conclusion of the experimental period and their sera were assayed for B. bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma antibodies. Cattle in the intensively dipped group were dipped 26 times and maintained on a 14-day dipping interval throughout the study, whereas cattle in the strategically dipped group were dipped only 13 times. Three cattle, from which adult ticks were collected, were selected from each village, while immature ticks were collected by drag-sampling the surrounding vegetation. During the dipping process, a questionnaire aimed at assessing the prevalence of clinical cases of tick-borne disease, abscesses and mortalities was completed by an Animal Health Technician at each diptank. An increase in seroprevalence to B. bovis and B. bigemina and a decrease in seroprevalence to Anaplasma was detected in the strategically dipped group while in the intensively dipped group the converse was true. Amblyomma hebraeum was the most numerous tick species on the cattle, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was more plentiful than Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus. Drag samples yielded more immature stages of A. hebraeum than of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. The incidence of clinical cases of tick-borne disease and of abscesses increased in the strategically dipped group at the start of the survey.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle in the Soutpansberg region, Limpopo Province, South Africa, associated with changes in vector-tick populations

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Tønnesen ◽  
B.L. Penzhorn ◽  
N.R. Bryson ◽  
W.H. Stoltsz ◽  
T. Masibigiri
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Endemic Stability

A survey was conducted at 30 communal dip tanks and on 5 commercial farms in Limpopo Province, South Africa, during 1999 and 2000 to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Cattle seropositive for B. bovis were found in 97 % of the herds on communal land; the overall seroprevalence changed little between 1999 (63.3 %) and 2000 (62.4 %). All herds surveyed were infected with B. bigemina, and overall seroprevalence decreased significantly from 56.1 % in 1999 to 49.3 % in 2000. In herds on communal land in Sour Lowveld Bushveld, overall seroprevalence of B. bovis increased from 70 % in 1999 to 80 % in 2000, while seroprevalence of B. bigemina decreased from 70 % in 1999 to 30 % in 2000. This was possibly due to an influx of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus that occurred at the time. In commercially farmed herds the seroprevalence to B. bovis increased significantly from 19 % in 1999 to 57.5 % in 2000. All commercial herds in the survey tested positive to B. bigemina, with a seroprevalence of 48.3 % in 1999 and 47.5 % in 2000. During 1999, cattle in 60 % of the dip tank / farm herds with only R. (B.) microplus present were approaching endemic stability to both B. bovis and B. bigemina. In 2000, 60 % of the herds with only R. (B.) microplus present were approaching endemic stability for B. bovis, while only 45 % were approaching endemic stability for B. bigemina. Those dip tanks / farms where only R. (B.) microplus was recorded had a significantly higher seroprevalence of B. bovis than those where both tick species were present.

scholarly journals Research on Integrated Management for Cattle Fever Ticks and Bovine Babesiosis in the United States and Mexico: Current Status and Opportunities for Binational Coordination

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D. Esteve-Gasent ◽  
Roger I. Rodríguez-Vivas ◽  
Raúl F. Medina ◽  
Dee Ellis ◽  
Andy Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Cattle Fever Ticks ◽  
The U.S

Bovine babesiosis is a reportable transboundary animal disease caused by Babesia bovis and Babesiabigemina in the Americas where these apicomplexan protozoa are transmitted by the invasive cattle fever ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) annulatus. In countries like Mexico where cattle fever ticks remain endemic, bovine babesiosis is detrimental to cattle health and results in a significant economic cost to the livestock industry. These cattle disease vectors continue to threaten the U.S. cattle industry despite their elimination through efforts of the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program. Mexico and the U.S. share a common interest in managing cattle fever ticks through their economically important binational cattle trade. Here, we report the outcomes of a meeting where stakeholders from Mexico and the U.S. representing the livestock and pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies, and research institutions gathered to discuss research and knowledge gaps requiring attention to advance progressive management strategies for bovine babesiosis and cattle fever ticks. Research recommendations and other actionable activities reflect commitment among meeting participants to seize opportunities for collaborative efforts. Addressing these research gaps is expected to yield scientific knowledge benefitting the interdependent livestock industries of Mexico and the U.S. through its translation into enhanced biosecurity against the economic and animal health impacts of bovine babesiosis and cattle fever ticks.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal patterns and movement analysis of pigs from smallholder farms and implications for African swine fever spread, Limpopo province, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folorunso O. Fasina ◽  
Japhta M. Mokoele ◽  
B. Tom Spencer ◽  
Leo A.M.L. Van Leengoed ◽  
Yvette Bevis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Disease Dispersal

Infectious and zoonotic disease outbreaks have been linked to increasing volumes of legal and illegal trade. Spatio-temporal and trade network analyses have been used to evaluate the risks associated with these challenges elsewhere, but few details are available for the pig sector in South Africa. Regarding pig diseases, Limpopo province is important as the greater part of the province falls within the African swine fever control area. Emerging small-scale pig farmers in Limpopo perceived pig production as an important means of improving their livelihood and an alternative investment. They engage in trading and marketing their products with a potential risk to animal health, because the preferred markets often facilitate potential longdistance spread and disease dispersal over broad geographic areas. In this study, we explored the interconnectedness of smallholder pig farmers in Limpopo, determined the weaknesses and critical control points, and projected interventions that policy makers can implement to reduce the risks to pig health. The geo-coordinates of surveyed farms were used to draw maps, links and networks. Predictive risks to pigs were determined through the analyses of trade networks, and the relationship to previous outbreaks of African swine fever was postulated. Auction points were identified as high-risk areas for the spread of animal diseases. Veterinary authorities should prioritise focused surveillance and diagnostic efforts in Limpopo. Early disease detection and prompt eradication should be targeted and messages promoting enhanced biosecurity to smallholder farmers are advocated. The system may also benefit from the restructuring of marketing and auction networks. Since geographic factors and networks can rapidly facilitate pig disease dispersal over large areas, a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the complexities that exist around the animal disease epidemiology becomes mandatory.

Poverty, vulnerability and the impact of flooding in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masingita Khandlhela ◽  
Julian May
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
The Impact

Contributing Factors in Violent Youth Behaviour: A Study in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-580
Author(s):  
Tshilidzi O. Ramakulukusha ◽  
Sunday S. Babalola ◽  
Ntsieni S. Mashau
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Youth Care ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Child And Youth Care ◽  
Violent Youth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Background: Violent behaviour in youth is regarded as a significant public health problem associated with severe physical and psychological consequences. Despite the availability of rehabilitation programmes rendered at child and youth care centres (CYCC's) in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, there is an escalation and repetition of violent behaviours among the youth due to some underlying socio-economic factors. Objective: The study sought to explore and describe the factors contributing to violent behaviours among the youth. Methods: A qualitative, explorative, and descriptive research design was used. A non-probability, purposive sampling method was used to select participants in this study. The study population consisted of youth, from the age of 15-20 years old, who were admitted to the child and youth care centres due to violent behaviours. Focus group discussions and in-depth individual interviews were used to collect data from participants. A semi-structured interview guide and focus group discussion guide were used to collect data until data saturation which occurred after interviewing 48 participants. Data were analysed following Tesch’s open code data analysis technique. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical principles were adhered to. Results: Two themes emerged from the analysed data, namely, the socio-economic factors contributing to violent behaviours among the youth in CYCCs and the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes for violent youth behaviours in CYCCs. Eight sub-themes were derived from the two main themes. The home environment, the influence of delinquent peers, availability, and misuse of drugs and alcohol were most cited as the factors contributing to violent behaviours among the youth in CYCCs in the Limpopo Province. The study's findings revealed that youth had little knowledge of the impact that violent behaviour has on the victim, themselves, their families, and society. Conclusion: Rehabilitation programmes for violent behaviours among the youth will have better outcomes by involving the youth's family, especially the parents/guardians. Also, the child and youth care centres and youth violence policymakers need to emphasise family education as one of the most crucial violence prevention strategies in vulnerable youth.

Investigation Of The Impact Of Networking Among Tenants In The Seda Limpopo Jewellery Incubator In South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Forbes Chiromo ◽  
Goodwell Muyengwa ◽  
Joseph Makuvaza
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Metal Fabrication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which tenants in a jewellery incubator in the Limpopo Province of South Africa network. Since 1994 SEDA has set up more than 31 incubation centres in furniture making, construction, chemicals, jewellery, ICT, metal fabrication, agriculture and small scale mining. This study was done through a survey conducted on tenants in the SEDA Limpopo Jewellery Incubator (SLJI). Information was obtained through a structured questionnaire. The study revealed how tenants benefit from networking around exhibitions and collective purchasing of raw material. Through the Incubator institutional mechanisms, the study explains how tenants share expertise, experiences, technology and resources. Unfortunately the tenants do not initiate the own networking programmes. They lose out on benefits associated with collective effort in other areas such as advertisements, lobbying the government for industrial stands, organising an newsletter, hiring of consultants, and organising joint training programmes. Lastly the study identified opportunities that the tenants could collectively exploit in order strengthen and sustain their businesses.

scholarly journals The impact of the water rights system on smallholder irrigators' willingness to pay for water in Limpopo province, South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
STIJN SPEELMAN ◽  
STEFANO FAROLFI ◽  
AYMEN FRIJA ◽  
MARIJKE D'HAESE ◽  
LUC D'HAESE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWater rights are currently receiving increased attention from scholars and policymakers due to the growing understanding that ill-defined water rights impair efficient use. In South Africa, smallholder irrigation faces problems of low water use efficiency and cost recovery of government investments. This study uses contingent ranking to analyse the willingness to pay (WTP) of smallholder irrigators for changes in the water rights system. The results indicate that smallholders are prepared to pay considerably higher water prices if these are connected to improvements in the water rights system. By segmenting the population it was also shown that the importance attached to water rights dimensions varies in each segment. While lower institutional trust and lower income levels lead to a lower WTP for transferability, experiencing water shortage increases this WTP. Such information is valuable in guiding policy makers in the future design of water rights.

scholarly journals Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, Current Gaps, and Opportunities for Intervention

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Sezayi Ozubek ◽  
Reginaldo G. Bastos ◽  
Heba F. Alzan ◽  
Abdullah Inci ◽  
Munir Aktas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
The Impact

Bovine babesiosis is a global tick-borne disease that causes important cattle losses and has potential zoonotic implications. The impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey remains poorly characterized, but several Babesia spp., including B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. divergens, among others and competent tick vectors, except Rhipicephalus microplus, have been recently identified in the country. Bovine babesiosis has been reported in all provinces but is more prevalent in central and highly humid areas in low and medium altitude regions of the country housing approximately 70% of the cattle population. Current control measures include acaricides and babesicidal drugs, but not live vaccines. Despite the perceived relevant impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey, basic research programs focused on developing in vitro cultures of parasites, point-of-care diagnostic methods, vaccine development, “omics” analysis, and gene manipulation techniques of local Babesia strains are scarce. Additionally, no effective and coordinated control efforts managed by a central animal health authority have been established to date. Development of state-of-the-art research programs in bovine babesiosis to address current gaps in knowledge and implementation of long-term plans to control the disease will surely result in important economic, nutritional, and public health benefits for the country and the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the sediments of Dwars River, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abe Addo-Bediako ◽  
Tebatso Mmako ◽  
Millicent Kekana ◽  
Wilmien Luus-Powell
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Trace Metal Pollution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Dwars River in Limpopo Province, South Africa is being affected by anthropogenic activities such as mining, agriculture and human settlement in its catchment. The objectives of the study were to assess trace metal pollution, to determine possible sources of pollutants in the river and the potential impact on the ecosystem, aquatic biota and humans. Water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for the following selected metals: Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to determine the extent of trace metal pollution in the sediments. The concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in the Dwars River sediments were much higher than the average shale values, which indicated that the contamination of these metals might be caused by human activities. The enrichment factor (EF) results showed that Cr and Ni accumulated to severe enriched level, while the Igeo results indicated that Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn were strongly contaminated in the sediments. The main sources of pollutants in the area were mining, wastewater/sewage and agricultural discharges. This may pose a serious threat to the aquatic biota and potential human health risk. It is therefore recommended that proper management strategies should be taken to minimize the impact of these metals on the river.

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