scholarly journals Could treatment of pregnant mares prevent abortions due to equine piroplasmosis? : research communication

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Lewis ◽  
B.L. Penzhorn ◽  
D.H. Volkmann
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Foetal Circulation ◽  
Imidocarb Dipropionate ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Foetal Blood

Treatment of pregnant mares to prevent abortions due to equine piroplasmosis is a novel idea practised empirically at some Thoroughbred studs in South Africa. This paper presents the results of an investigation to ascertain whether imidocarb dipropionate crosses the equine placenta. Three pregnant mares were injected intramuscularly with imidocarb and their foetuses were mechanically aborted at varying time intervals thereafter. Imidocarb was found in foetal blood at a level similar to that in the dam's blood, suggesting that imidocarb administered to the dam would be available for anti-parasitic activity in the foetal circulation. Uncertainty concerning the time of treatment to achieve the desired effect currently makes this a questionable exercise.

scholarly journals Coccidian oocyst and nematode egg counts of free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa : research communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Coccidian Oocyst ◽  
Free Ranging

Faecal specimens collected in the Kruger National Park from 103 African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) up to 1 year old and 283 buffaloes older than 1 year were examined for the presence of coccidian oocysts and nematode eggs. Most specimens from animals older than 1 year had negative coccidian oocyst counts. Positive specimens from younger animals had significantly higher coccidian oocyst counts than those from older animals. No such difference was found for nematode egg counts.

scholarly journals Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of small antelopes : steenbok, Raphicerus campestris and suni, Neotragus moschatus : research communication

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Golezardy ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Far North ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
North East ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Geographic Regions

During surveys on the tick burdens of various wildlife species in South Africa, nine small antelopes became available for study. Six of these were steenbok, Raphicerus campestris and three sunis, Neotragus moschatus, and their tick burdens are recorded here. The steenbok were examined in three nature reserves and harboured nine tick species. The sunis were examined in a fourth reserve and were infested with eight species. The steenbok and sunis were generally infested with the immature stages of the same tick species that infest larger animals in the same geographic regions. In addition the sunis harboured Haemaphysalis parmata, which in South Africa is present only in the eastern and north-eastern coastal and adjacent areas of KwaZulu-Natal Province. They were also infested with Rhipicephalus kochi, which in South Africa occurs only in the far north-east of the KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo Provinces.

scholarly journals In-depth investigation of turn-around time of full blood count tests requested from a clinical haematology outpatient department in Cape Town, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Mutema ◽  
Zivanai Chapanduka ◽  
Fungai Musaigwa ◽  
Nomusa Mashigo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Turn Around Time

Background: The performance of laboratories can be objectively assessed using the overall turn-around time (TAT). However, TAT is defined differently by the laboratory and clinicians; therefore, it is important to determine the contribution of all the different components making up the laboratory test cycle.Objective: We carried out a retrospective analysis of the TAT of full blood count tests requested from the haematology outpatient department at Tygerberg Academic Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, with an aim to assess laboratory performance and to identify critical steps influencing TAT.Methods: A retrospective audit was carried out, focused on the full blood count tests from the haematology outpatient department within a period of 3 months between 01 February and 30 April 2018. Data was extracted from the National Health Laboratory Service laboratory information system. The time intervals of all the phases of the test cycle were determined and total TAT and within-laboratory (intra-lab) TAT were calculated.Results: A total of 1176 tests were analysed. The total TAT median was 275 (interquartile range [IQR] 200.0–1537.7) min with the most prolonged phase being from authorisation to review by clinicians (median 114 min; IQR: 37.0–1338.5 min). The median intra-lab TAT was 55 (IQR 40–81) min and 90% of the samples were processed in the laboratory within 134 min of registration.Conclusion: Our findings showed that the intra-lab TAT was within the set internal benchmark of 3 h. Operational phases that were independent of the laboratory processes contributed the most to total TAT.

scholarly journals Larval biology of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (Acarina : Ixodidae) in Free State Province, South Africa : research communication

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Phalatsi ◽  
L.J. Fourie ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Larval Release ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
Free State Province ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
The Third ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Single Exception

The objective of this study was to determine certain aspects of the biology of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus larvae under laboratory and field conditions. Larvae allowed 48 h to select a vertical questing substrate preferred 90 cm rods in length to those of 60 or 30 cm, while in a separate experiment migration from rods 5 cm or 25 cm in length to rods 45 cm in length continued between 48 h and 72 h after larval release. Hatching of the larval progeny of engorged female ticks exposed to ambient field temperatures during the period June to August, occurred synchronously during the third or fourth week of November. With a single exception, larvae that hatched during November and between April and July survived for 38 days or longer, while those that hatched from December to March survived for 31 days or less. Questing larvae were present on vegetation throughout the year, with most being recovered during January and February. Parasitic larvae were present on cattle from October to May with most being collected during January and February.

scholarly journals Culicoides biting midges at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa : research communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Labuschagne ◽  
L.J. Gerber ◽  
I. Espie ◽  
S. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Far East ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Culicoides Biting Midges

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are responsible for the transmission of a large number of pathogens to livestock and wild animals. In this study the presence of the genus, using light traps based at four different sites within the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, was investigated during 2002-2004. In total, 37 species were recorded, including large numbers of Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913, which is responsible for the transmission of economically important arboviruses in South Africa, Europe, Middle and Far East. These results are discussed with reference to the wider Culicoides fauna in the Onderstepoort area of South Africa, their vector competence as well as biosecurity at the National Zoological Gardens.

Treatment of equine piroplasmosis (B caballi) with imidocarb dipropionate

1974 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 188-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Frerichs ◽  
A. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Imidocarb Dipropionate

scholarly journals The route of antibodies passing from the maternal to the foetal circulation in rabbits

1949 ◽  
Vol 136 (882) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Uterine Lumen ◽  
Foetal Circulation ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Immune Rabbit ◽  
Foetal Blood

It has long been known that maternal circulating antibodies pass into the foetal blood in rabbits during the latter half of pregnancy. The allanto-chorionic placenta has been assumed to be the site of this transference, the number of tissues separating the two blood streams being reduced to a minimum in rabbits at these stages. It was shown in a recent paper that, at a stage before the establishment of the embryonic circulation, maternal circulating antibodies pass the bilaminar omphalopleur into the yolk-sac cavity. It is shown in this paper that in 24-day embryos antibodies pass from the maternal circulation by way of the uterine lumen and the yolk-sac splanchnopleur into the foetal vitelline circulation, and do not pass by way of the allanto-chorionic placenta. The method employed involved injection of immune rabbit serum either into the uterine lumen or the maternal blood and interruption of the foetal vitelline circulation of some of the embryos by ligaturing the yolk-sac stalk.

Dune advancement 1937—1977 at the Mlalazi Nature Reserve, Mtunzini, Natal, South Africa, and a preliminary vegetation-succession chronology

Bothalia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Weisser ◽  
I. F. Garland ◽  
B. K. Drews
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Rough Approximation

Foredune advancement on a 2 km coastline north of the Siaya Lagoon Mouth was studied using air photos. Between 1937 and 1977 the dunes advanced about 95 m (2,4 m per year). Vegetation was dated according to its position on a  profile. If a 2,4 m per year seaward advancement of the dunes is assumed, the following succession chronology is  obtained: Scaevola thunbergii Foredunes from 0 to 30 years; Passerina rigida Open Dune Scrub 30 to60 years; Closed Dune Scrub 60 to 90 years and Dune Forest beginning at about 90 years. Variation in dune advancement rates on different coastal stretches and for different time intervals was observed and will be reported on later. This dune succession chronology should, therefore, only be seen as a first rough approximation.

scholarly journals Comparative study of Chemical Pathology sample collection tubes at the largest hospital in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyabonga Khoza ◽  
Sarah Ford ◽  
Ernest Buthelezi ◽  
Donald Tanyanyiwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Reference Change Value ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Heparin Plasma ◽  
The Stability

Background: BarricorTM lithium heparin plasma tubes are new blood tubes that have been introduced to overcome the effects of gel in serum separator tubes (SST) and the shortcomings of standard lithium heparin plasma. We aimed to evaluate BarricorTM tubes as an alternative to serum separator tubes and compare the stability between the tubes. Methods: Forty-four paired samples were collected using both BarricorTM and SST. We compared five analytes at baseline (<6h) and after every 24h using the Passing-Bablok and Bland-Altman plots. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), potassium (K), phosphate (PO4), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine were analysed in both tubes. We calculated the percentage difference for each analyte between the baseline and time intervals to assess analyte stability. The percentage difference was compared to the desirable specification for bias and reference change value (RCV). Results: All analytes were comparable at baseline. Statistical differences (p<0.001) became evident after 24h. PO4, K, and creatinine had a mean difference that exceeded the desirable specification for bias (-9.59%, -9.35%, and -4.59%, respectively). Potassium was stable up to 24h in both tubes. LDH showed better stability in SST (144h vs. 96h). PO4 concentrations were more stable in both tubes with the SST (96h vs. 72h). Creatinine and AST had the longest stability in both tubes compared to other analytes (144h). Conclusions: Data demonstrated variability and similarities in analyte concentrations and stability, respectively in both tubes

scholarly journals Survey of nematophagous fungi in South Africa : research communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Durand ◽  
H.M. Boshoff ◽  
L.M. Michael ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Game Animals

Three hundred and eighty-four samples of leaf litter, soil, faeces from domestic and game animals, compost and aqueous cultures of infective nematode larvae contaminated with unidentified fungi were plated out on water agar, baited with pure infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus, incubated and examined for the presence of nematophagous fungi. Duddingtonia flagrans was isolated from five samples, and 73 samples were positive for other nematophagous fungi.

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