scholarly journals Commercialisation of water supply in Zimbabwe and its effects on the poor: A working framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinashe Mukonavanhu ◽  
Damian Ukwandu ◽  
Danielle Nel-Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Limited Government ◽  
Government Interference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Conceptual Study

Background: Neoliberalism favours the existence of free markets with limited government interference as the best way to conduct business. A feasibility study is necessary regarding the practicality of the application of neoliberalist policies in Zimbabwe’s water sector. This is important because there has been a lack of water in urban and rural areas of Zimbabwe even before the COVID-19 era.Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the commercialisation of water in Zimbabwe.Setting: The formation of the state-owned Zimbabwe National Water Authority signified a move towards the solidification of the commercialisation of the water sector in Zimbabwe, based in part on neoliberal principles.Methods: This study is a conceptual study, involving the review of various sources of literature to identify trends in the commercialisation of Zimbabwe’s water sector. This study is descriptive in nature and involves the use of secondary data gathered from various publications. This study also makes use of a case study approach.Results: The findings of this study show that the commercialisation of the water sector in Zimbabwe is practical to a certain extent; however, it needs to be performed in a way that acknowledges existing strengths and weaknesses with continuous monitoring and evaluation taking place.Conclusion: While commercialisation is a necessary tool to incentivising economic water usage and generate revenue, there is a need to ensure that those who cannot afford to pay for water in Zimbabwe are safeguarded in order to guarantee their access to basic water, which is their human right.

scholarly journals TOURIST VILLAGE REJUVENATION AND OVER-TOURISM MANAGEMENT: THE DESA WISATA NGLANGGERAN LIFECYCLE EXPERIENCE, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-16
Author(s):  
Kadek Wiweka ◽  
Ramang H. Demolingo ◽  
Subur Karyatun ◽  
Putu Pramania Adnyana ◽  
Iffatunnisa Nurfikriyani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose of the Study: Over-tourism is an issue that is being experienced by many well-known destinations in the world, both in urban and rural areas. The purpose of this research is to find out how the experience of developing a Tourist village is seen from the tourism lifecycle approach. This study also explores the sensitivity of managers to the phenomenon of over-tourism in their village, to design strategies for product rejuvenation. Methodology: This research adopts a historical qualitative research approach. This method is exercised through two data sources. Primary data was carried out through non-participant observation (for four months) in the Nglanggeran tourist village, Yogyakarta to observe and interview tourist village managers, tourism entrepreneurs, workers, and local communities. Meanwhile, Secondary data used include online media articles, scientific writings, and promotional media. Main Findings: The study found that in the tourism area life cycle model approach, tourist villages' growth can be grouped into 6 phases. The exploration phase and stagnation, marked by the start of the Nglanggeran tourist village and massive growth that had environmental, social, and cultural impacts. The management adopts several strategies, including price management, visitor management, and length of stay management. Implication/Applications: This experience is very important to be learned and known by tourism stakeholders, especially tourist village managers and the government which is developing similar tourism products massively throughout Indonesia. The originality of the study: This research is original, and this is the first study that finds out how the experience of developing a tourist village is seen from the tourism lifecycle approach and explores how managers are sensitive to the phenomenon of overtourism in their village. Thus, this scope is expected to be developed in other tourist villages in Indonesia to get generalizations about the development of tourist villages.

scholarly journals DETERMINAN PEMILIHAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI TRADISIONAL DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN PROVINSI BALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Putu Ayu Indrayathi ◽  
Istiana Marfianti ◽  
Putu Dwiki Damadita ◽  
Ni Made Ari Listiani ◽  
Luh Kadek Ratih Swandewi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ABSTRACT The result of 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (SDKI 2017) shows the number of traditional contraception uses in Bali Province has increased from 7% in 2012 to 13% in 2017. The use of traditional contraception methods in Bali is double that of national figures. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with the choice of traditional contraception methods in urban and rural areas of married women in Bali Province. This study is a secondary data analysis from the 2017 SDKI. The sample size is 357 women ages 15-49 years. There are 22 independent variables that are studied, and the dependent variable is the use of traditional contraception methods. The results of multivariate analysis showed that significantly related factors are uppermiddle category wealth quintile (p = 0.027, OR = 11.16, 95% CI = 1.31-94.54), top category wealth quintile (p = 0.049, OR = 9.04, 95% Ci = 1.01-80.77), obtained family planning information from the pharmacist (p = 0.034, OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.05-4.17), side effects of contraception (p = 0.002, OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.48-5.88), decision making to use contraception with partner (p = 0.029, OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.09-5 , 43), and decision-makers using family planning only husband/partner (p = 0.015, OR = 4.24, 95% CI = 1.32-13.56). The variables that become protective factor is the newspaper reading variables (p = 0.008, OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.23-0.79). The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is the use of traditional contraception methods in married women in Bali Province influenced by wealth quintiles, habits of reading the newspaper, obtaining contraception information from pharmacists, side effects of using contraception and those who make decisions about using contraception.  Keywords : Contraception method, Traditional contraception, Balinesse married women.   ABSTRAK Hasil Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017 menunjukkan angka penggunaan KB tradisional di Provinsi Bali mengalami peningkatan dari 7% pada 2012 menjadi 13% pada 2017. Penggunaan alat/cara KB tradisional di Bali dua kali lipat lebih banyak dibandingkan angka nasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemilihan alat/cara KB tradisional di daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan pada wanita kawin di Provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder dari data SDKI 2017. Besar sampel adalah 357 wanita usia subur (WUS) dengan usia 15-49 tahun. Terdapat 22 variabel bebas yang diteliti, sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah penggunaan alat/cara KB tradisional. Hasil analisis multivariat menggunakan analisis regresi logistik menunjukan bahwa faktor -faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap pemilihan alat kontrasepsi tradisional adalah kuintil kekayaan kategori menengah atas (p=0,027, OR=11,16, 95% CI=1,31-94,54), kuintil kekayaan kategori teratas (p=0,049, OR=9,04, 95% Ci=1,01-80,77), mendapatkan informasi KB dari apoteker (p=0,034, OR=2,1, 95% CI=1,05-4,17), efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi (p=0,002, OR=2,95, 95% CI=1,48-5,88), mengambil keputusan menggunakan KB bersama pasangan (p=0,029, OR=2,43, 95% CI=1,09-5,43)), dan pengambil keputusan menggunakan KB hanya suami/pasangan (p=0,015, OR=4,24, 95% CI=1,32-13,56). Variabel yang menjadi faktor protektif adalah variabel membaca koran (p=0,008, OR=0,42, 95% CI=0,23-0,79). Simpulan yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan alat/cara KB tradisional pada wanita kawin di Provinsi Bali dipengaruhi oleh kuintil kekayaan, kebiasan membaca koran, mendapatkan informasi KB dari apoteker, efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi dan pihak yang mengambil keputusan dalam menggunakan KB.  Kata kunci : Penggunaan alat/cara KB, KB tradisional, WUS di Bali.

scholarly journals Pengobatan Malaria di Perkotaan dan Pedesaan di Indonesia (Analisis Lanjut Riskesdas 2013)

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Revi Rosavika Kinansi ◽  
Diana Andriyani Pratamawati ◽  
Rika Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Malaria control in Indonesia still against many challenges, especially in terms of malaria treatment. One of the causes of low coverage of Artemisin Based Combination Therapy (ACT) is that several locations are no longer malaria endemic, being negligent with malaria cases coming from endemic areas, so that patients are not immediately diagnosed as malaria patients. The purpose of this further analysis was to describe malaria treatment based on Plasmodium species associated with access, time, and administration of ACT treatment between urban and rural areas. The method used is descriptive analysis of secondary data from Basic Health Research in 2013 as many as 1,027,763 people by taking the unit of analysis of individuals who have been diagnosed with malaria by health personnel and individuals whose blood test results are positive for malaria. The results of the analysis provide information that in urban and rural areas, the treatment of P. falciparum and P. vivax is classified as good, namely the majority received ACT treatment, the time to receive ACT treatment was within the first 24 hours, and ACT treatment was given within 3 days of being drunk. However, it was found that in rural areas, P. vivax treatment was still not good because the majority did not receive ACT treatment. The implementation of malaria control in areas that are easily accessible and well-targeted are groups that can afford the costs involved in accessing targeted interventions by public subsidized programs. This encourages all regions to have good health services that provide better access to malaria control interventions.

scholarly journals PRADHAN MANTRI JAN DHAN YOJANA (PMJDY) - A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Ruchi Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Inclusion Process ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
The Relationship

A successful development is marked with the establishment of a stable and useful financial system for the entire population. Indian government implemented many initiatives since independence for financial inclusion and recently launched Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) to overcome the loopholes of previous initiatives. PMJDY is major financial plan with the objective of covering all households in the country with banking facilities along with inbuilt insurance coverage. With this background, the study has been conducted and tries to find out the success rate of inclusion process in rural areas of Jaipur district. For the purpose of the study, both primary data and secondary data have been collected. Correlation (r) test is used to find out the relationship between the socio economic backgrounds and the financial inclusion process. Findings show that Income, financial information from various channels and awareness of PMJDY are influential factors leading to inclusion. Nearness to banks increases the likelihood of inclusion.

scholarly journals Feasibility Evaluation of Public Passenger Transport Connecting Urban and Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Wirahaji ◽  
◽  
I Ketut Sutapa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Population Potential ◽  
Feasibility Evaluation ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of carrying out public passenger transportation which is influenced by the population, potential residents to travel and ownership of private vehicles, by examining the Wangaya-Sangeh-Pelaga Terminal Route. The data collection method is by downloading secondary data from BPS Denpasar City and BPS Badung Regency in 2020. The secondary data required in each sub-district / village are: population; number of households; number of potential residents to travel (aged 5-65 years); ownership of 4-wheeled vehicles (cars); and ownership of two-wheeled vehicles (motorbikes). The data analysis method used is the Guidelines for the Delivery of General Passenger Transportation from the Directorate General of Land Transportation, Decree No. SK.687 / AJ.206 / DRJD / 2002. Of the fifteen sub-districts / villages that the Wanagaya-Sangeh-Pelaga Terminal Route route passes, only four sub-districts / villages are eligible to be included in the AUP service area, meeting the N> R requirements. Eleven other kelurahan / villages cannot be included in the transportation management area. general passenger. Thus, the Wangaya-Sangeh-Pelaga Terminal Route is not suitable for public passenger transportation.

scholarly journals Dichotomy between urban and rural areas: statistical data may not reveal the synergy between these two existing spaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-189
Author(s):  
Washington Pereira Campos ◽  
Marina Aparecida Da Silveira ◽  
Márcio Caliari ◽  
Alcido Elenor Wander
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Exodus

The gains in non-agricultural activities represents a new dynamic in rural Brazil and now has representation in Brazil from the 1990s. In this perspective, the Brazilian countryside is undergoing a reconfiguration, pointing to an intensification of the urbanization of rural areas, especially in peri-urban areas. The installation of industries in rural areas, the deployment of agribusinesses and food exporters and utilization of rural labor for those industries, are tying the stretches between urban and rural areas. Thus, rural households are increasing income through agricultural and non-agricultural activities. The rural environment is no longer exclusively agricultural. It went on to have a diversified productive base and integrated economy in the region. Since there is a growing rural human being mobility, as well as an improvement in communication and access to information and greater integration between markets reducing the dichotomy between urban and rural. On the other hand the expansion of the cultivation of sugar cane on a region can increase the (Gross National Product) GNP per capita of the region and enable an increase economical activity. Thus, the rural household pluri-activity can be an alternative to increase the income of these families as they, increasingly integrate with the local market. It is known that with rising incomes and improving the welfare of the rural population can reduce the rural exodus that became increasing in the country since the 1970s. However, in areas with predominantly or expansion of monoculture, as an example of cane sugar, may be an increased land concentration and a worsening of income distribution in a region, and to record an increasing in rural migration, Environmental degradation and reduced local production diversification. An analysis of several indicators, socio-economic and environmental, through the Dashboard of Sustainability is possible to tell which category has the highest rate of farmer sustainability, whether smallholders or monoculture. However, the secondary data available in Brazil today does not support a thorough analysis of the participation of each actor and to which the interconnection between the actors and their synergy in local economic activity. Since, given the narrowing between urban and rural, the statistical data available are not able to demonstrate the extent to which gives the rural-urban dichotomy. Thus, it is relevant to point out and discuss ways to provide consistent statistical data and be, in fact, able to demonstrate the local reality of a region within the welfare actors.

scholarly journals Anticipation & Advancement of DTH Service in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Israt Moriom Khan ◽  
Sabrina Quadir ◽  
Sanjida Islam
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Picture Quality ◽  
Television Industry ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Pie Chart ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Analyze Data

DTH (Direct-To-Home) TV is one of the important inventions which created a revolution in the television industry by the grace of modern technology and achieving popularity day by day. The objective of the study was to analyze the advancement and to find the anticipation and impact of DTH service in Bangladesh. Primary and secondary data both were used in this research paper. The conducting period of this research was from April - August of 2021 surveying a questionnaire of 560 participants in both urban and rural areas of 8 divisions in Bangladesh. To analyze data and present the result simple statistical tools; pie-chart, bar diagram and tables were used. The findings revealed most of the users use DTH TV for its clear picture quality, payment through mobile banking & the promotional benefits of numerous HD channels. DTH providers should enhance their features and the level services with the updated technology.

scholarly journals Household Factors Associated with Underweight in Children 24-59 Month in Urban and Rural in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Andini Retno Yunitasari ◽  
Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika ◽  
Asih Setiarini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The underweight still remains a public health problem for toddlers in Indonesia. The purpose of the study to identify the factors related to the underweight incident for toddlers at 24-59 months in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. This research used cross-sectional study design. This study used secondary data on the Total Diet Study-Individual Food Consumption Survey of 2014. The sample size in this study was 5165 toddlers from 24-59 months and distinguished by urban and rural areas. Bivariate Analysis used chi square. This study estimates that 20.3% of children aged 24-59 months were underweight with a greater proportion in rural areas 22.5%. Significant factors related to the underweight incidence in the urban and rural areas were the father's education level (urban; p = 0.02 and rural; p = 0.005) and mother’s education level (urban; p = 0.001 and rural; p = 0.005), number of household members (urban; p = 0.03 and rural; p = 0.012), and energy adequacy level (urban; p = 0.012 and rural; p = 0.005). The factor that was estimated to be significantly related to the underweight incidence just in rural areas as children’s age (p = 0.012), the total number of children in one house (p = 0.047). Multisectoral collaboration is needed to reduce nutritional problems, especially in rural areas. The efforts to improve community nutrition by improving the socio-economic condition of the community should be based on regional capabilities and local wisdom in the region.

scholarly journals Projeto <i>Vida no Vale</i>: universal access to water and sanitation in the North East of Minas Gerais (Brazil)

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kauark-Leite ◽  
B. Vinçon-Leite ◽  
J. F. Deroubaix ◽  
A. Loireau ◽  
D. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract. In the rural areas of the developing countries, the access to water supply and sanitation services is still largely inadequate. Poor governance of the water sector is frequently singled out as a cause and reforms are required. Studies analyzing the great diversity of restructuring efforts currently being undertaken in the water sector have not succeeded in determining the most appropriate institutional and economic framework for such reforms. Moreover they underline the lack of documentation on actual projects and call for concrete models and tools for improving water and sanitation services (WSS) and for adapting water utility practice to real conditions. In this context, the Vida no Vale (Life in the Valley) project is aimed at bringing universal access to WSS for all inhabitants of both urban and rural areas, in the north-eastern area of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. The project takes sustainable development as its guiding principle, and relies on the joint implementation of an innovative technical design, a governance model involving public participation and subsidiarity, and an economic structure combining financial viability and social equity. Designed at a consistent geographical and hydrological scale, it includes the creation of a regional subsidiary of the existing state water company as a keystone element. The institutional organisation also relies on the creation of a public board consisting of the 92 municipalities of the project region and of the State of Minas Gerais. This board will be in charge of the system's governance. This paper presents the first step of the project (2006), consisting of a feasibility study and the implementation of 9 pilot sub-projects. During the feasibility study, the supply, demand and capacity to pay for water services were defined, existing infrastructure appraised, the necessary amount of investment assessed and an innovative operational model and a sustainable management system, including civil society participation, defined. The main features of the Vida no Vale project have been tested in 9 pilot sub-projects, and implemented in municipalities chosen for their low Human Development Index and for the lack of WSS, in both urban and rural areas. A second phase corresponding to the project's final implementation will run from 2007 to 2011. The Vida no Vale project design resulted in a logical and extensive framework which could be used for developing similar WSS projects in other poor, rural regions, its adaptiveness being a key feature for taking into account the specific, local conditions.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants of anaemia in preschool children in Uttar Pradesh: evidence from NFHS-4 survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4461
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Bal Kishan Gulati ◽  
Damodar Sahu ◽  
Varsha Ranjan ◽  
M. V. Vardhana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: In India, 89 million preschool children (6-59 months) suffer from anaemia. As per NFHS-4, the prevalence of anaemia in Uttar Pradesh was 63.2%. A study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among preschool children and to examine rural-urban differentials and association of socioeconomic determinants with anaemia. The secondary data of the National Family Health Survey-4 conducted in the year 2015-16 was used.Methods: The prevalence of anaemia was calculated and chi-square test and binary logistic regression was carried out to identify the association between anaemia status and socioeconomic factors.Results: Results show that 78% and 77% children in 12-23 months age group were anaemic in urban and rural areas respectively. Around 72% and 65% children whose mothers had no formal education were anaemic in urban and rural areas respectively. Around 73% of children belonging to poorest wealth index in urban areas and 64% belonging to poorer wealth index in rural areas were anaemic. Around 70% children whose mothers had anaemia were anaemic in both urban and rural areas of the state.Conclusions: The association between anaemia in preschool children and different socioeconomic variables was profound.  Educational status of mother and anaemia in mothers have a significant role in reduction of anaemia.  The socioeconomic conditions of households, education level of mothers and their anaemia status need to be improved to reduce anaemia in preschool children in Uttar Pradesh and it requires immediate attention of planners and policy makers.

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