Kamiesbergia, a new monotypic genus of the Amaryllideae-Strumariinae (Amaryllidaceae) from the north-western Cape

Bothalia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Snijman
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
The North ◽  
Granite Outcrops ◽  
Andean South America ◽  
North Western

Kamiesbergia Snijman is a new monotypic genus from raised granite outcrops in the north-western Cape. A member of the subtribe Strumariinae of the Amaryllideae, it is most closely related to  Hessea Herb, and  Namaquanula D. U. Miiller-Doblies. The dissimilar inner and outer stamens, the uniquely club-shaped inner filaments and the novel insertion of the filament in the proximal quarter of the anther connective are the main apomorphies of the genus. The number of rare and monotypic genera of Amaryllidaceae in this region is comparable to that of Andean South America.

scholarly journals Distribution Patterns of Grasshoppers and Their Kin in the Boreal Zone

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Steppes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
North Western

The distribution patterns of Orthoptera are described for the boreal zone. The boreal fauna of Eurasia includes more than 81 species. Many of them are widely distributed. The monotypic genusParacyphoderrisStorozhenko and at least 13 species are endemics or subendemics. About 50 species are known from boreal North America. Four endemic species are distributed very locally. Relationships between the faunas of the Eurasian and North American parts of the boreal zone are relatively weak. The boreal assemblages are usually characterized by the low levels of species diversity and abundance. Grasshoppers and their relatives occupy almost exclusively open habitats, such as different types of meadows, mountain steppes and tundras, clearings, openings, bogs, and stony flood plains. The local endemics and subendemics are found only in some habitats of the eastern part of Eurasia and the north-western part of North America. Retrospective and prospective of the boreal fauna of Orthoptera are also discussed.

scholarly journals The species of Notiobia Perty (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) from Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik ARNDT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
North Western

The new species Notiobia glabrata, N. maxima and N. pseudolimbipennis are described. A key to the 11 Notiobia (s.str.) species known from Brazil, data about the distribution of each species and taxonomical remarks are provided. Notiobia parilis Bates, 1878 is a junior synonym of N. nebrioides Perty, 1830, and Notiobia umbrata Bates, 1882 is a junior synonym of N. jlavicinctus Erichson, 1847. The Brazilian Notiobia species belong to at least three different species groups, each distributed from Brazil over the North-Western part of South America, Central America to Mexico.

Archaeology, ethnohistory and exchange along the coast of Ecuador

Antiquity ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (264) ◽  
pp. 511-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Currie
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

An account from Fracisco Pizarro's expedition tells of a trading raft encountered along the coast of Ecuador. It gives a rare first-hand record of the established exchange of fine craftwork along the north-western coast of South America. The excavation in 1992–3 of a Manteño-period workshop in Manabí Province gives a corresponding archaeological view of the making of these luxury goods.

scholarly journals Differential Subject Marking in Arawakan Languages: Distribution and Origins

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-176
Author(s):  
Swintha Danielsen ◽  
Tom Durand
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Marking ◽  
North Western

This paper is a comparison of nine Arawakan languages sharing a rare phenomenon in the Americas: differential subject marking. We argue that the languages involved display a group of predicates with oblique case marking on the subject, similar to the subject-like obliques in Icelandic and Hindi. Comparison with bivalent constructions provides a strong argument for the diachronic process of objects gradually acquiring subject properties. In addition, we discuss the distribution of this oblique marking and object marking in some of the Arawakan languages. This paper shows that these two marking strategies are in fact complementary; the existence of these two markings allows expressing semantico-pragmatics subtleties. Thus, it illustrates a specific realization of the differential marking of the subject in non-accusative languages. Examining the possibilities of language contact with non-Arawakan languages, such as Tukanoan or Witotoan languages, or between Arawakan languages, especially in the North-Western region of Amazonia, we conclude that this phenomenon is inherited in the Arawakan language family, considering the absence of other languages with such differential marking in South America and the attestations of this phenomenon in Arawakan languages as many as 500 years ago.

scholarly journals Reconceiving the Chronology of Inca Imperial Expansion

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E Ogburn
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
The North ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
Andean South America ◽  
Historical Accounts

The basic chronology of Inca imperial expansion in Andean South America derives from historical accounts from the Spanish Colonial era, but several issues with this traditional chronology have arisen in recent decades. Advances in radiocarbon dating and calibration now give us some ability to refine or rebuild the chronology, and guidelines for obtaining the most useful dates are discussed. Dates recently obtained from the site of Chamical in the southern highlands of Ecuador are evaluated according to those guidelines, and they suggest Inca expansion to the north began 1 to 2 decades earlier than allowed in the traditional chronology. The chronology of Inca expansion presented in the Spanish chronicles is called into question by these and other dates, and by a reconsideration of the nature of sources of Inca history utilized by Spanish writers. Evidence suggests a primary Inca form of recording provincial conquests resulted in lists that were ordered geographically. However, those records were interpreted by colonial writers as being chronologically ordered, which led to written histories of Inca expansion that are not consistent with the actual historical sequence of events. As a result, the preferred approach to building a chronology of Inca expansion should be based on14C dates, with historical sources used to supplement rather than structure the timeline.

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