scholarly journals Growth and development of red deer calves in captivity

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Dzięciołowski
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
In Captivity

Growth and development of the barren-ground caribou. II. Postnatal growth rates

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Characteristic ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Growth Constants ◽  
Slow Growing

The growth curves of minimum body weights of fast-growing caribou reared in captivity and slow-growing wild caribou are compared. Captive animals exhibit a cyclical pattern of growth characteristic of other cervid species. The differences in the declining growth constants of wild caribou compared to captive caribou are attributed to environmental factors and activity, resulting in higher maintenance costs.

Growth of the Eastern Quoll, Dasyurus viverrinus (Shaw), (Marsupialia) in Captivity

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant ◽  
K Newgrain ◽  
B Green
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
At Will

The growth and development, from 10 to 270 days old, of eastern quolls in a captive colony was recorded. Young were able to detach from the teat by 65 days of age and their eyes were open by 80 days. Statistically significant differences in some measurements from males and females were found as early as 85 days of age. The weaning period commenced at 102 days ofage, and coincided with eruption ofthe first molar teeth. Total independence, determined by the cessation of lactation in the mother, was as early as 142 days in litters of one or as late as 200 days in larger litters. There was a high correlation between litter size and age at independence. Lactation was maintained in all previously suckled mammary glands of adult females after the death of young aged 65 days or over if some siblings remained. This was due to the ability of young of this age to detach and reattach to the teats at will. The implication of this observation is that the commonly held view that the numbers of surviving young in marsupial litters corresponds to the number of lactating teats in the adult female may not always be correct.

Rearing Red Deer Calves in Captivity

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Youngson
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
In Captivity

Faecal 11-ketoetiocholanolone measurement in Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus): validation of methodology using HPLC–MS/MS

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Azorit ◽  
J. M. Castro ◽  
R. Carrasco ◽  
S. Tellado ◽  
R. Orpez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Acth Test ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Hispanicus ◽  
Iberian Red Deer ◽  
Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

A cortisol metabolite, 11-ketoetiocholanolone (11-k), is widely used in monitoring stress in several vertebrates, and can be detected by immunoassay. However, these assays have certain limitations with respect to specificity. Also, differences in the excretion of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) among species and even between sexes make validation necessary in each case. Therefore, our aims were, first, to develop and validate a high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) methodology for monitoring 11-k in faeces of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), and second, to investigate the capability of our method to determine variations of this FGM in a longitudinal study. Third, and finally, we assessed the correspondence between faecal 11-k concentrations and plasma cortisol. An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test was performed on six red deer stags translocated and kept in captivity for a week and faecal samples were collected twice a day. One single blood and faecal sample from another seven stags was also collected after 2 weeks in captivity. The results of the longitudinal study showed a first peak in 11-k 36 h after the ACTH test and handling, and a second peak at 120 h of being kept indoors. Maximum concentrations of 11-k ranged from 22.71 to 375.68 ng/g. In the second stag group, 11-k concentrations of 25.09 ± 20.53 ng/g had a correlation of r2 = 0.88 with the concentration of plasma cortisol, which was 54.6 ± 55.1 ng/mL. This technique is capable of detecting changes in the concentrations of faecal 11-k. The values determined have a good correlation with the cortisol concentration in blood, and we also detected differences in different individuals’ responses to the same stressors.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in safari park in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane A.R. Lima ◽  
Rudielle A. Rodrigues ◽  
Rodrigo N. Etges ◽  
Flábio R. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
The State ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Cervus Unicolor

ABSTRACT: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, affecting domestic animals, wild animals and humans. In captivity, for wild animals, bTB represents a risk to animal keepers and zoo visitors, in addition to the possibility of spreading the infection to domestic animals or through the trade of infected wild animals. Sambar (Cervus unicolor), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) from a safari park in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, showed a clinical condition of dyspnea and weight loss. Some animals died and showed lesions suggestive of tuberculosis (LST), which were confirmed by histopathology. After the interdiction of the safari park by the state veterinary authorities, 281 deer were euthanized with the authorization of the “Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis” (IBAMA). Retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes and viscera were collected from 21 animals, which were grown in Stonebrink medium for up to 90 days. After DNA extraction from the bacterial colonies, PCR was performed for targets flanking the region of differentiation 4 (RD4). Of the 21 samples, 14 (66.7%) presented LST with a granulomatous appearance, a whitish coloration, and caseous or calcified consistency, and seven samples (33.3%), showed no lesions. In the culture of 14 samples with LST, 13 (92.8%) presented bacterial growth compatible with M. bovis. In the cultivation of the seven samples without LST, four (57.1%) presented colonies compatible with M. bovis. PCR and DNA sequencing of the PCR amplicons detected as positive all the 17 (100%) bacteriological cultures suggestive of M. bovis, thus confirming the outbreak of bTB in deer. Decisions about positive tested and suspicious animals should be taken based on the evaluation of the risk of transmission to the rest of the zoological animals, animal welfare, conservation considerations and, the zoonotic potential of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Influence of Farming Conditions on the Rumen of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Federico Mason ◽  
Bartosz Fotschki ◽  
Alessia Di Rosso ◽  
Anna Korzekwa
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Limited Choice ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The red deer is an intermediate feeder, showing a marked degree of forage selectivity, with seasonal morphological adaptations due to changes in food quality and availability. In captivity, deer have a limited choice of habitat and food, and we hypothesize that this condition affects the rumen environment. Rumen samples were collected from 20 farmed and 11 wild red deer in autumn 2018 in Poland, and analyzed for chemical composition, food residues, microbial population, and rumen papillation. Farmed deer had the highest Campylobacter spp., and total anaerobic bacteria, but lower Clostridium spp. Moreover, they showed a decrease in Diplodininae protozoa, and the presence of holotrichs that were absent in the wild animals. The rumen digesta of farmed animals had lower dry matter and acid detergent fiber than the wild ones. The analysis of food residues underlined the poor variety of the diet for animals in the farm. This apparently affected the papillation of the rumen, with animals of the farm having the shortest papillae of the Atrium ruminis. Overall, results suggest that red deer kept in farms, with a diet based mainly on grass, tree leaves, and some concentrate supplements, undergo a small modification of the rumen compared to the wild conspecifics.

Grazing patterns of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in captivity

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Semiadi ◽  
P. D. Muir ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
C. J. Veltman ◽  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Sambar Deer ◽  
Cervus Unicolor

The parameters of the weight and linear growth of young Red deer of Altai-Sayan breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
O. Matasheva ◽  
I. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
General State ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Relative Gain ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Relative Gains

Conformation features of animals, which are the external expression of the constitution play an important role in breeding work they can be judged on the productivity of the animal and the general state of the organism. The data on live weight, measurements and body indices of young Red deer of Altai-Sayan breed in LLC “Niva” in the Altai Republic have been presented in the article. The purpose of the research was to identify the features of growth and development of young Red deer of Altai-Sayan breed. Two groups of 10 animals in each have been formed. In the 1st group were included males, in the 2nd – females from birth to 18 months of age, which have been kept under the same conditions of feeding and housing. Studies have shown the gain in live weight of young animals in the period from birth to one and a half years. At the end of the experiment males had a live weight of 168,5 kg and surpassed females by 20,4 kg. Data on the average daily, absolute and relative gains in the live weight of young Red deer have been also obtained. The absolute gain in live weight in males from birth to the end of the experiment was 152,0 kg, and in females it was 132,6 kg. The relative gain from birth to the age of 6 months was 136,50 % in males and 141,44 % in females, while from 12 to 18 months it decreased to 26,35 % in males and 30,23 % in females. Comparative analysis of measurements of the two groups has shown that males were taller and larger than female Red deer during the whole period of studies by 3–6 %.

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