scholarly journals Legacy geophysical and geological data from Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Georgian Bay, and Lake Michigan, Canada and U.S.A.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Todd ◽  
C F M Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Georgian Bay

Phosphorus Enrichment, Silica Utilization, and Biogeochemical Silica Depletion in the Great Lakes

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Schelske ◽  
Eugene F. Stoermer ◽  
Gary L. Fahnenstiel ◽  
Mark Haibach
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Phosphorus Enrichment

Our hypothesis that silica (Si) depletion in Lake Michigan and the severe Si depletion that characterizes the lower Great Lakes were induced by increased phosphorus (P) inputs was supported by bioassay experiments showing increased Si uptake by diatoms with relatively small P enrichments. We propose that severe Si depletion (Si concentrations being reduced to ≤0.39 mg SiO2∙L−1 prior to thermal stratification) results when P levels are increased to the extent that increased diatom production reduces Si concentrations to limiting levels during the thermally mixed period. Large P enrichments such as those that characterized the eastern and central basis of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario in the early 1970s are necessary to produce severe Si depletion. It is clear that severe Si depletion in the lower lakes was produced by P enrichment because inflowing waters from Lake Huron have smaller P concentrations and larger Si concentrations than the outflowing waters of either Lake Erie or Lake Ontario. Severe Si depletion probably began in the 1940s or 1950s as the result of increased P loads from expanded sewering of an increasing urban population and the introduction of phosphate detergents. The model proposed for biogeochemical Si depletion is consistent with previous findings of high rates of internal recycling because, under steady-state conditions for Si inputs, any increase in diatom production will produce an increase in permanent sedimentation of biogenic Si provided some fraction of the increased biogenic Si production is not recycled or unless there is a compensating increase in dissolution of diatoms.

Nitrogen and C/N ratios in the sediments of Lakes Superior, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2402-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. W. Kemp ◽  
R. L. Thomas ◽  
H. K. T. Wong ◽  
L. M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Surface Enrichment ◽  
Large Component ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Modern Sediment

The distribution of nitrogen (N) was determined on 1238 surface sediment samples (0–3 cm) and 24 cores from Lakes Superior, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario. The concentration of N was greatest in the depositional basins of the lakes. The N concentrations decreased sharply from high values at the sediment–water interface to uniformly lower N values at the base of the cores. The surface enrichment was related to increased inputs of N to the lakes since settlement of the region in the order: Lake Ontario > Lake Erie [Formula: see text] Lake Superior > Lake Huron > Georgian Bay.The organic carbon: total nitrogen (C/N) ratios averaged 10.2 in the surface sediments with a range of 5.1 to 66.0. The lowest ratios were found in the depositional basins, with the exception of Lake St. Clair. The magnitude of the C/N ratios was related to the source of the organic matter. Plankton, which are the main source of Org-N in the lakes, accounted for C/N ratios between 7 and 9. Dilution of the modern sediment with organic matter from glacial deposits yielded the higher ratios and low Org-C contents in the nondepositional zones. The high C/N ratios and Org-C contents in Lake St. Clair were believed to be due to a large component of macrophytes in the inputs of organic matter to the lake sediments.

scholarly journals HINDCAST WAVE STATISTICS FOR THE GREAT LAKES

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Thorndike Saville, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Wave Statistics ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Existing Data

The General Investigations program of the Beach Erosion Board comprises investigations, regional rather than local in scope, designed to improve, simplify, and expedite the solution of local problems, by giving a compilation of all existing data pertinent to shore processes in the particular region. As a first step in the compilation of these data, a study of wave and lake level conditions on the Great Lakes is being made. The results of such studies for Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario have recently been completed and published as Technical Memorandums of the Beach Erosion Board (Saville, 1953).

Late Wisconsinan ice-flow reconstruction for the central Great Lakes region

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Irving Dworkin ◽  
Grahame J. Larson ◽  
G. William Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Georgian Bay ◽  
South Central ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Lake Michigan Lobe

Late Wisconsinan tills from the lower peninsula of Michigan can be differentiated with respect to the Lake Michigan, Saginaw, and Huron–Erie lobes on the basis of their heavy-mineral assemblages. Using discriminant analysis, the heavy-mineral assemblages can also be associated with specific source areas on the Canadian Shield. These associations suggest that (1) the Lake Michigan Lobe flowed southwestward across a region north of Lake Huron and then into southwestern Michigan; (2) the Saginaw Lobe flowed southwestward across a region northwest of Georgian Bay and then into south-central Michigan; and (3) the Huron–Erie Lobe flowed southwestward across a region north of Georgian Bay and then southward into southeastern Michigan.Comparison of the heavy-mineral assemblages of tills from southeastern Michigan with those from younger tills just south of Lake Huron indicates that a significant westward shift in source area occurred during the retreat of the Huron–Erie Lobe from southeastern Michigan.

The Occurrence of the Longjaw Cisco, Leucichthys alpenae, in Lake Erie

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Scott ◽  
Stanford H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Rate Of Growth

The longjaw cisco, Leucichthys alpenae, is shown to be a species new to the Lake Erie fauna. The taxonomic work on Lake Erie ciscoes is reviewed. Thirty three specimens of L. alpenae taken in 1946, 1947 and 1957 are compared morphometrically with Leucichthys artedi of Lake Erie, the only other cisco species in the lake. L. alpenae has a longer and deeper head, longer maxillary and fewer gill rakers. L. alpenae is more distinct from L. artedi in Lake Huron than in Lake Erie. The rate of growth of L. alpenae in Lake Erie compares favourably with that in Lake Michigan.

Comparative fecundity and egg survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum) from lakes Ontario, Erie, and Michigan

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1096-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Morrison ◽  
J. F. Leatherland ◽  
R. A. Sonstegard
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Salmon River

Survival to hatch in 1982 of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum) collected from two Lake Ontario stocks (Salmon River, New York, and Credit River, Ontario) and Lake Michigan and Lake Erie stocks in 1982 was 79, 86, 78 and 24%, respectively; eggs taken from smaller females (<2 kg) of the Lake Erie stock had a significantly lower survival (9%) than those of larger females (>2 kg). Poor fertilization success appeared to be the major cause of low survival to hatch of Lake Erie coho salmon eggs. There were no significant differences in egg size, embryo size, or development time to hatch, step E47, or first exogenous feeding in the four stocks studied, although the incidence of alevin deformity was significantly higher in the Lake Erie coho salmon than in the Lake Ontario or Lake Michigan stocks. Posthatch mortalities were low, except in the case of the Credit River (Lake Ontario) stock, which suffered an epizootic of a suspect viral disease that increased mortality 3 weeks after hatch.

Detection of spatial and temporal hydro-meteorological trends in Lake Michigan, Lake Huron and Georgian Bay

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Javed ◽  
Vincent Y. S. Cheng ◽  
George B. Arhonditsis
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Georgian Bay
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