scholarly journals Upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils by the CANMET hydrocracking process 2 Lloydminster vacuum bottoms

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Patmore ◽  
B B Pruden ◽  
C P Khulbe ◽  
R Ragnanathan ◽  
J Tscheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Hydrocracking Process

Slurry hydrocracking process for heavy oils using iron-coal catalyst

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ranganathan ◽  
B B Pruden ◽  
J M Denis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Hydrocracking Process

Microscopic versus process parameters in heavy-oil upgrading

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
V.A. Munoz ◽  
R.J. Mikula ◽  
C. Payette ◽  
W.W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Optical Texture ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Anisotropic Character ◽  
Planar Molecules

The transformation of high molecular weight components present in heavy oils into useable liquid fuels requires their decomposition by means of a variety of processes. The low molecular weight species produced recombine under controlled conditions to generate synthetic fuels. However, an important fraction undergo further recombination into higher molecular weight components, leading to the formation of coke. The optical texture of the coke can be related to its originating components. Those with high sulfur and oxygen content tend to produce cokes with small optical texture or fine mosaic, whereas compounds with relatively high hydrogen content are likely to produce large optical texture or domains. In addition, the structure of the parent chemical components, planar or nonplanar, determines the isotropic or anisotropic character of the coke. Planar molecules have a tendency to align in an approximately parallel arrangement to initiate the formation of the nematic mesophase leading to the formation of anisotropic coke. Nonplanar highly alkylated compounds and/or those rich in polar groups form isotropic coke. The aliphatic branches produce steric hindrance to alignment, whereas the polar groups participate in cross-linking reactions.

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