scholarly journals Chemostratigraphy of the late Pleistocene Dashwood Drift to Capilano Sediment succession using portable XRF spectrometry, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Knight ◽  
A M G Reynen ◽  
E C Grunsky ◽  
H A J Russell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Portable Xrf

Late Pleistocene Stratigraphic Chronology in southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Armstrong ◽  
D R Crandell ◽  
D J Easterbrook ◽  
J B Noble
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene

Late Pleistocene age, size, and paleoenvironment of a caribou antler from Haida Gwaii, British Columbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf W. Mathewes ◽  
Michael Richards ◽  
Thomas E. Reimchen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Haida Gwaii ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage 3

The basal portion of a fossil caribou antler from Graham Island is the only evidence of large terrestrial vertebrates older than the Fraser (late-Wisconsin) glaciation on Haida Gwaii. This antler has been radiocarbon dated three times by different laboratories and all ages fall within the mid-Wisconsin Olympia Interglaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 3, MIS 3). We suggest that the latest date, using ultrafiltration of bone collagen, is closest to the true age at 43 200 ± 650 years BP (48 200 – 45 200 cal BP). Previous paleoecological analysis from Graham Island reconstructed a vegetation cover during MIS 3 consisting of mixed coniferous forest with nonforested openings, similar to cool subalpine forests of today. These conditions are consistent with environments that support woodland caribou and the related extinct Dawson caribou. Morphometric comparison of antlers from woodland and Dawson caribou suggest that they are more similar than previously interpreted and raise questions about the inferred differences between the mainland and island subspecies.

Late Pleistocene stratigraphy of south-central British Columbia

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Fulton ◽  
Geoffrey W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Valley Area ◽  
Coast Region

The late Pleistocene deposits of south-central British Columbia record two major glacial and two major nonglacial periods of deposition. The oldest recognized Pleistocene deposits, called Westwold Sediments, were deposited during a nonglacial interval more than 60 000 years ago. Little information is available on the climate of this period, but permafrost may have been present at one time during final stages of deposition of Westwold Sediments. The latter part of this nonglacial period is probably correlative with the early Wisconsin Substage of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Valley area. However, deposition of the Westwold Sediments may have begun during the Sangamon Interglacial.Okanagan Centre Drift is the name applied to sediments deposited during the glaciation that followed deposition of Westwold Sediments. Okanagan Centre Drift is known to be older than 43 800 years BP and probably is older than 51 000. It is considered to correlate with an early Wisconsin glacial period.Bessette Sediments were deposited during the last major nonglacial period, which in south-central British Columbia persisted from at least 43 800 years BP (possibly more than 51 000) to about 19 000 years BP. This episode corresponds to Olympia Interglaciation of the Pacific Coast region and the mid-Wisconsin Substage of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Valley area. During parts of Olympia Interglaciation the climate was probably as warm as the present-day climate in the interior of British Columbia. Information from coastal regions indicates that there may have been periods of cooler and moister climate.Kamloops Lake Drift was deposited during the last major glaciation of south-central British Columbia. Ice occupied lowland areas from approximately 19 000 to 10 000 years BP. This period corresponds approximately to the Fraser Glaciation of the Pacific Coast region and the late Wisconsin Substage of central and eastern parts of North America.

Late Pleistocene history and geomorphology, southwestern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville F. Alley ◽  
Steven C. Chatwin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
Juan De Fuca Strait

The major Pleistocene deposits and landforms on southwestern Vancouver Island are the result of the Late Wisconsin (Fraser) Glaciation. Cordilleran glaciers formed in the Vancouver Island Mountains and in the Coast Mountains had advanced down Strait of Georgia to southeastern Vancouver Island after 19 000 years BP. The ice split into the Puget and Juan de Fuca lobes, the latter damming small lakes along the southwestern coastal slope of the island. During the maximum of the glaciation (Vashon Stade), southern Vancouver Island lay completely under the cover of an ice-sheet which flowed in a south-southwesterly direction across Juan de Fuca Strait, eventually terminating on the edge of the continental shelf. Deglaciation was by downwasting during which ice thinned into major valleys and the strait. Most upland areas were free of ice down to an elevation of 400 m by before 13 000 years BP. A possible glacier standstill and (or) resurgence occurred along Juan de Fuca Strait and in some interior upland valleys before deglaciation was complete. Glacial lakes occupied major valleys during later stages of deglaciation.

AMS-dated late Pleistocene taiga vole (Rodentia: Microtus xanthognathus) from northeast British Columbia, Canada: a cautionary lesson in chronologyThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Geology of northeastern British Columbia and northwestern Alberta: diamonds, shallow gas, gravel, and glaciers.

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hebda ◽  
James A. Burns ◽  
Marten Geertsema ◽  
A. J. Timothy Jull
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cautionary Note ◽  
Shallow Gas ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Elusive Species ◽  
Selection Of

Dissected colluvial sediments on a Peace River terrace at Bear Flat, northeast British Columbia enclosed a late Pleistocene micromammalian faunule. The fossil remains, including a few loosely articulated skulls and mandibles, were dominated by taiga voles ( Microtus xanthognathus ). The Bear Flat site constitutes the second fossil occurrence in the region of this elusive species, which is unknown in British Columbia in historic times. The late Pleistocene age, determined by accelerator mass spectrometry directly on taiga vole bone collagen, is consistent with the ages of widespread taiga vole records peripheral to the Laurentide ice sheet in western, mid-western, and eastern North America. The presence of allo-chronous remains within a comprehensively dated sedimentary sequence provides a cautionary note about straightforward acceptance of relative stratigraphic dating.

Late Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Chronology in Southwestern British Columbia and Northwestern Washington

1965 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. ARMSTRONG ◽  
DWIGHT R. CRANDELL ◽  
DONALD J. EASTERBROOK ◽  
J. B. NOBLE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene

Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and chronology of lower Chehalis River valley, southwestern British Columbia: evidence for a restricted Coquitlam Stade

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 881-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent C Ward ◽  
Bruce Thomson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Definitive Evidence

Sediments in lower Chehalis valley span middle Wisconsin (Olympia nonglacial interval) to Holocene time. Sediments are divided into six units with chronological control provided by 14 new radiocarbon ages. Fluvial gravel spans the transition from the late Olympia nonglacial interval to the early Fraser Glaciation. Glaciolacustrine sedimentation represents the first definitive glacial activity in the valley and indicates that Vashon ice in the Fraser Lowland blocked the mouth of the Chehalis valley at ca. 18–17 ka BP. Ice then flowed down the Chehalis valley. The Chehalis valley deglaciated while ice persisted in the Fraser Lowland, forming another lake. After this lake drained, terraces and fans formed. This style of glaciation–deglaciation is typical of many watersheds peripheral to the Fraser Lowland in that local valley ice was slightly out of phase with ice in the lowland. This resulted in glacial lakes forming during both advance and retreat phases. However, in contrast to watersheds in the northwestern Fraser Lowland, no definitive evidence of a Coquitlam ice advance was found within the Chehalis valley. Although glaciers in the area were likely active and advancing, data from the Chehalis valley indicates that they were not as extensive as previously thought. Since ice source areas in the northeastern Fraser Lowland are in the leeward area of the Coast Mountains, it is suggested that lower precipitation resulted in limited glacier activity there during the Coquitlam Stade.

Late Pleistocene coastal paleogeography of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada, and its implications for terrestrial biogeography and early postglacial human occupation

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1755-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Hetherington ◽  
J Vaughn Barrie ◽  
Robert GB Reid ◽  
Roger MacLeod ◽  
Dan J Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands

Molluscs, sediment lithology, and published sub-bottom profiles are used to deduce sea levels, outline the influence of glacially induced crustal displacement, and reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the northeast Pacific late Quaternary coastline. Geo-spatial modelling shows subaerially exposed land that could have been inhabited by plants and animals, and also coastally migrating early North American peoples. Ice-free terrain, present by at least 13 790 ± 150 14C years BP, a land bridge, and edible molluscs are identified. Queen Charlotte Islands (QCI) late Pleistocene coastal paleogeography may assist in explaining the biogeography of many terrestrial plant and animal species along the broader northeastern Pacific margin and provide evidence for researchers seeking late Pleistocene – early Holocene glacial refugia. Late Pleistocene – early Holocene coastlines that are not drowned and that may harbour early archaeological sites are identified along the western QCI, where migrants probably first travelled and the westernmost British Columbia mainland, where the effects of glacial ice were reduced.

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