scholarly journals Soil profiles in naturally metal-rich terrains of eastern Canada: physical properties and geochemical data

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Eastern Canada

Physical properties and seismic imaging of massive sulfides

Geophysics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1882-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Salisbury ◽  
Bernd Milkereit ◽  
Graham Ascough ◽  
Robin Adair ◽  
Larry Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Country Rock ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Massive Sulfides ◽  
Ore Bodies ◽  
Text Density ◽  
Representative Samples

Laboratory studies show that the acoustic impedances of massive sulfides can be predicted from the physical properties ([Formula: see text], density) and modal abundances of common sulfide minerals using simple mixing relations. Most sulfides have significantly higher impedances than silicate rocks, implying that seismic reflection techniques can be used directly for base metals exploration, provided the deposits meet the geometric constraints required for detection. To test this concept, a series of 1-, 2-, and 3-D seismic experiments were conducted to image known ore bodies in central and eastern Canada. In one recent test, conducted at the Halfmile Lake copper‐nickel deposit in the Bathurst camp, laboratory measurements on representative samples of ore and country rock demonstrated that the ores should make strong reflectors at the site, while velocity and density logging confirmed that these reflectors should persist at formation scales. These predictions have been confirmed by the detection of strong reflections from the deposit using vertical seismic profiling and 2-D multichannel seismic imaging techniques.

Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1630-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig M. Bergström ◽  
Warren D. Huff ◽  
Dennis R. Kolata ◽  
Michael J. Melchin
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
The South ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Plate Margin ◽  
Alkaline Magmas

The most extensive succession of K-bentonite beds known in the Silurian of North America occurs at Arisaig on the northern coast of Nova Scotia. At least 40 ash beds are present in the Llandoverian Ross Brook Formation and at least four in the early Ludlovian McAdam Brook Formation. Most of the beds are thin (< 5 cm), but one bed (the Smith Brook K-bentonite bed) in the late Llandoverian crenulata Zone and another (the McAdam Brook K-bentonite bed) in the early Ludlovian nilssoni Zone each reach a thickness of 20 cm. New graptolite collections provide critical information on the biostratigraphic position of the K-bentonite beds in the Ross Brook Formation. Geochemical data show that the Arisaig ash beds represent calc-alkaline magmas from plate margin, subduction-related volcanic vents. Differences in K-bentonite stratigraphic distribution, combined with paleogeographic considerations, suggest that the volcanoes were located much farther to the south in the Iapetus than the source volcanoes of the British–Baltoscandian Llandoverian K-bentonites.

MONOLITH COLUMNS FOR STUDYING ORGANIC SOIL PROFILES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-742
Author(s):  
J. A. MILLETTE ◽  
R. S. BROUGHTON
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Monolith Columns

Monolith column construction and sampling procedures were described for organic soil profiles and used to measure the variation with depth of saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and fiber content. The top 0.30 m of the organic soil was more permeable, had a greater bulk density and had a greater fiber content than the soil layer between 0.60 and 0.90 m from the soil surface. These columns can be used for correlations studies between physical properties and studies of the dynamic nature of the physical properties of organic soils. Key words: Saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, fiber content, organic soil, monolith columns

scholarly journals Petroleum potential of the Upper Jurassic Hareelv Formation, Jameson Land, East Greenland

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen A. Bojesen-Koefoed ◽  
Morten Bjerager ◽  
H. Peter Nytoft ◽  
Henrik I. Petersen ◽  
Stefan Piasecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Petroleum Potential ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Clay Formation

The marine, mudstone-dominated Hareelv Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Jameson Land, East Greenland is a representative of the widespread Kimmeridge Clay Formation equivalents, sensu lato, known from the greater North Atlantic region, western Siberia and basins off eastern Canada. These deposits constitute the most important petroleum source-rock succession of the region. The present study reports petroleum geochemical data from the 233.8 m thick succession penetrated by the fully cored Blokelv-1 borehole, and includes supplementary data from outcrop samples and other boreholes in Jameson Land. The succession consists of basinal mudstone intercalated with a significant proportion of gravity-flow sandstones, both in situ and remobilised as injectites. The mudstones are generally rich in organic carbon with values of TOC reaching nearly 19 wt% and high pyrolysis yields reaching values of S2 up to nearly 43 kg HC/ton. Hydrogen Indices are up to 363. The data presented herein demonstrate that weathering of abundant pyritic sulfur adversely affects the petroleum potential of the kerogen in outcrop samples. The succession is thermally immature to early mature, except where intrusions have locally heated adjacent mudstones. The documentation of rich gas/oil-prone Upper Jurassic successions in Jameson Land is important for the assessment of the regional petroleum potential, including the North-East Greenland continental shelf.

A Detailed and in Situ Assessment of the Snowpack Physical Properties in a Discontinuous Humid Boreal Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bouchard ◽  
Daniel F. Nadeau ◽  
Florent Domine
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Snow Water

&lt;p&gt;Boreal forests occupy a large fraction of the continental surfaces and receive a lot of solid precipitation in winter. Evergreen canopies are often represented as a single and homogeneous layer in hydrological and weather forecasting models. However, in reality, boreal canopies are composed of a rather complex mosaic of trees unevenly spaced apart, with gaps of various sizes. Therefore, mass and energy inputs to the snowpack show remarkable variability at small scales resulting not only in strong spatial heterogeneity in snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE), but also in the vertical temperature gradient in the snow column (&lt;img src=&quot;https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.8b7ab390ecff53808040161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&amp;app=m&amp;a=0&amp;c=763df4650e7419e8d52dae70af81e2ad&amp;ct=x&amp;pn=gnp.elif&amp;d=1&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;48&quot; height=&quot;17&quot;&gt;). Unlike SD and SWE, &lt;img src=&quot;https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.8b7ab390ecff53808040161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&amp;app=m&amp;a=0&amp;c=763df4650e7419e8d52dae70af81e2ad&amp;ct=x&amp;pn=gnp.elif&amp;d=1&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;48&quot; height=&quot;17&quot;&gt; has been little documented in discontinuous needleleaf forests, despite its impact on snow cover metamorphism and on a range of physical properties of snow such as density (&lt;img src=&quot;https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.d6e05221ecff56228040161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&amp;app=m&amp;a=0&amp;c=e83ed3b230a37b46d23b9b7d13655568&amp;ct=x&amp;pn=gnp.elif&amp;d=1&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;17&quot; height=&quot;16&quot;&gt;), specific surface area (SSA) and effective thermal conductivity (k&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;). This work investigates the snowpack underneath the canopy and inside small forest gaps using continuous measurements of SD and k&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; and weekly snow pit surveys during winter 2018-19 in a juvenile balsam fir stand of eastern Canada (47&amp;#176;17&amp;#8217;18&amp;#8217;&amp;#8217;N, 71&amp;#176;10&amp;#8217;05&amp;#8217;&amp;#8217;W). This site receives an average of almost 1600 mm of precipitation annually, including 40 % falling as snow. Snow cover typically lasts over 6 months. Observations show that less snow accumulates in the subcanopy and therefore &lt;img src=&quot;https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.8b7ab390ecff53808040161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&amp;app=m&amp;a=0&amp;c=763df4650e7419e8d52dae70af81e2ad&amp;ct=x&amp;pn=gnp.elif&amp;d=1&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;46&quot; height=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;is more pronounced than inside the gaps. Moreover, &lt;img src=&quot;https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.d6e05221ecff56228040161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&amp;app=m&amp;a=0&amp;c=e83ed3b230a37b46d23b9b7d13655568&amp;ct=x&amp;pn=gnp.elif&amp;d=1&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;17&quot; height=&quot;16&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;and SSA are lower underneath the canopy where faceted crystals are observed. Large &lt;img src=&quot;https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.8b7ab390ecff53808040161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&amp;app=m&amp;a=0&amp;c=763df4650e7419e8d52dae70af81e2ad&amp;ct=x&amp;pn=gnp.elif&amp;d=1&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;49&quot; height=&quot;17&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;in that environment results in a decreasing k&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt; over time. Overall, kinetic grain growth takes place in the subcanopy whereas settlement and isothermal conditions prevail inside the gaps. This research provides accurate observations of the snowpack in forested environments needed for a better representation of SWE, heat fluxes and ground thermal regime in hydrological and meteorological models.&lt;/p&gt;

Seawater composition during deposition of Viséan evaporites in the Moncton Subbasin of New Brunswick as inferred from the fluid inclusion study of halite

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleh Petrychenko ◽  
Tadeusz Marek Peryt ◽  
Brian Roulston
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Fluid Inclusion Study ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Inclusion Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maritimes Basin

The Viséan evaporites of the Windsor Group in the Moncton Subbasin at the western limit of the Maritimes Basin of eastern Canada represent an important stratigraphic sequence to study in determining changes in the chemistry of marine brines. Seventeen samples of halite have been selected for fluid inclusion study. The chemical composition of inclusion brines was examined using the Petrichenko method of glass capillaries with applied ultramicroanalytical techniques. The results of the study indicate that the conditions of evaporite deposition in the Windsor Basin differed from those recorded in other Phanerozoic basins and that the history of the Windsor Basin brines was characterized by changes in the chemical composition of the brines. It was also found that there existed continual unfavourable conditions for the day-and-night zonality in chevron halite crystals and for the origin of relatively large (>50 µm) fluid inclusions and that the gas content was low not only during the deposition but also during the diagenesis of potash deposits. The chemical composition of the Viséan waters of the Moncton Subbasin at the beginning and end of deposition of the Windsor Group evaporite sequence was controlled by the predominating waters of nonmarine origin; during the potash deposition the controlling factor was chloride-type marine waters. In general, the geochemical data support the concept of Carboniferous evaporite basins with Na–K–Mg–Ca–Cl-type brines.

scholarly journals Characteristics of physical properties in soil profiles under selected introduced trees in the Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Nora Polláková ◽  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Jerzy Jonczak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana ◽  
Thuja Orientalis ◽  
Introduced Trees

Abstract The relationship between introduced trees roots and soils in which they grow is the most important factor influencing the adaptation, growth and health of these trees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify which physical soil properties enhance or limit the vitality of the studied introduced trees in the Arboretum Mlyňany. Soil properties were studied in seven soil profiles under dense monocultures of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Juniperus Chinensis, Thuja orientalis, Thuja plicata, Picea orientalis and Pinus nigra. The results showed that all stagnic horizons had exceeded the limit values of total porosity and bulk density, hence these horizons were compacted. Based on the soil and climatic requirements of the examined trees we conclude that the soil properties of their sites in arboretum are suitable for: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Thuja orientalis and Pinus nigra. Nevertheless, physical properties in profiles under Picea orientalis and Juniperus Chinensis do not permit rapid drainage of water, what is unfavourable for healthy development of these two species; while Thuja plicata demanding high moisture supply is grown on soil with high coarse porosity, a prerequisite of fast rainwater drainage. However, since none of the studied introduced trees had suffered from physiological disorders or diseases, they may be declared acclimatized well in the soil-climate conditions described in this study.

scholarly journals Particle size distribution and clay minerals in dryland soils of Aceh Besar, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
S Sufardi ◽  
T Arabia ◽  
K Khairullah ◽  
I Apriani
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Physical Constraints

Abstract Soil particle size distribution is a fundamental physical property affecting other soil properties. This research aims to determine the distribution of soil particles and the composition of clay minerals on each layer of the horizon in four soil profiles (P1, P2, P3, and P4) with different parent materials in the dryland of Aceh Besar district which includes Entisols Jantho, Andisols Saree, Inceptisols Cucum, and Oxisols Lembah Seulawah. Particle size distribution (or texture) and bulk density (BD) were analyzed in the laboratory. Soil structure and consistency were observed directly in the field. The type of clay minerals was identified by X-ray diffraction, while Fe, Al, and Si-oxide were extracted by dithionite-citrate solution. The results shown that the particle size distribution and the physical properties of dryland soils of Aceh Besar vary between soil orders. Andisols Saree has better physical properties than the physical properties of other soils and low bulk density. The Al, Fe, and Si fractions and clay mineral composition in the soil profiles also vary considerably between soil orders. The Andisols are dominated by allophane minerals (amorphous fractions) while Entisols, Inceptisols and Oxisols consist of mixed minerals of feldspar, quartz, halloysite, goethite, and other clay minerals. These soil orders have some soil physical constraints i.e. high soil bulk density, low water holding capacity and poor soil structures. Improvements in the physical properties of the soil on Aceh Besar dryland are indispensable to improve the quality of the soil.

Propriétés caractéristiques des argiles de l'est du Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Leroueil ◽  
François Tavenas ◽  
Jean-Pierre Le Bihan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Geotechnical Data ◽  
Definition Of

The compilation of numerous geotechnical data has allowed the definition of the main physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties of marine and lacustrine clays of eastern Canada, as well as the establishment of correlations between some of these properties. The possible uses of these correlations are described.This study shows that the clays of eastern Canada exhibit a behaviour similar to that of other clays, but that they are characterized by a higher degree of structuration. Keywords: physical properties, mechanical properties, hydraulic properties, clays, Canada, correlations. [Journal translation]

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