scholarly journals Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Deformation, Prince Patrick and Banks Islands [Chapter 12: Silurian-Early Carboniferous Deformational Phases and Associated Metamorphism and Plutonism, Arctic Islands]

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Harrison ◽  
T A Brent
Keyword(s):  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Late Devonian

scholarly journals The origin and early radiation of terrestrial vertebrates

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1202-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Major Transitions ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paleozoic Tetrapods ◽  
Early Radiation ◽  
Ways Of Life

The origin of tetrapods from sarcopterygian fish in the Late Devonian is one of the best known major transitions in the history of vertebrates. Unfortunately, extensive gaps in the fossil record of the Lower Carboniferous and Triassic make it very difficult to establish the nature of relationships among Paleozoic tetrapods, or their specific affinities with modern amphibians. The major lineages of Paleozoic labyrinthodonts and lepospondyls are not adequately known until after a 20–30 m.y. gap in the Early Carboniferous fossil record, by which time they were highly divergent in anatomy, ways of life, and patterns of development. An even wider temporal and morphological gap separates modern amphibians from any plausible Permo-Carboniferous ancestors. The oldest known caecilian shows numerous synapomorphies with the lepospondyl microsaur Rhynchonkos. Adult anatomy and patterns of development in frogs and salamanders support their origin from different families of dissorophoid labyrinthodonts. The ancestry of amniotes apparently lies among very early anthracosaurs.

scholarly journals Acherontiscus caledoniae : the earliest heterodont and durophagous tetrapod

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 182087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Clack ◽  
Marcello Ruta ◽  
Andrew R. Milner ◽  
John E. A. Marshall ◽  
Timothy R. Smithson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Skull Length ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
First Time ◽  
Morphological Innovation

The enigmatic tetrapod Acherontiscus caledoniae from the Pendleian stage of the Early Carboniferous shows heterodontous and durophagous teeth, representing the earliest known examples of significant adaptations in tetrapod dental morphology. Tetrapods of the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous (Mississippian), now known in some depth, are generally conservative in their dentition and body morphologies. Their teeth are simple and uniform, being cone-like and sometimes recurved at the tip. Modifications such as keels occur for the first time in Early Carboniferous Tournaisian tetrapods. Acherontiscus , dated as from the Pendleian stage, is notable for being very small with a skull length of about 15 mm, having an elongate vertebral column and being limbless. Cladistic analysis places it close to the Early Carboniferous adelospondyls, aïstopods and colosteids and supports the hypothesis of ‘lepospondyl’ polyphyly. Heterodonty is associated with a varied diet in tetrapods, while durophagy suggests a diet that includes hard tissue such as chitin or shells. The mid-Carboniferous saw a significant increase in morphological innovation among tetrapods, with an expanded diversity of body forms, skull shapes and dentitions appearing for the first time.

The Sudetes as a Palaeozoic orogen in central Europe

1997 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ŻELAŹNIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Metamorphic Core Complex ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Extensional Faulting ◽  
Granitoid Intrusions ◽  
Rifted Margin ◽  
Metamorphic Core

Two metasedimentary complexes are exposed in the Sudetes Mountains of Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic. Succession I comprises pelites and greywackes of Neoproterozoic–Cambrian age, deformed and metamorphosed prior to intrusion by S-type porphyritic granites at 515–480 Ma. Succession II comprises a sandstone–mudstone–chert sequence and turbidite sequence of Ordovician–early Carboniferous age accompanied by bimodal volcanogenic rocks. Both successions were intruded by late- to post-orogenic granitoid intrusions at 340–300 Ma. The sedimentary rocks of succession II show increasing maturity until mid–late Devonian times. Inversion of the basins, commencing in late Devonian–early Carboniferous times, was reflected in the emplacement of turbidites and olistostromes, concurrent with the uplift of a metamorphic core complex of succession I rocks. The original stratigraphic order of the successions was maintained, thus crustal imbrication was not significant. Instead, extensional faulting became important, followed by transpression on almost orthogonal fault zones, resulting in the presently observed juxtaposition of crustal blocks. The Palaeozoic sequences developed in mainly ensialic basins on Cadomian and older basement, parts of which became strongly reworked (2.6 to 0.54 Ga zircon inheritance ages) and incorporated into the Palaeozoic structures. The orogen developed either on the rifted margin of peri-Gondwana or on a rifted-away fragment of pre-Baltica. The Sudetic section of the Variscan Orogen is of broadly Alpine style, with significant basement involvement, but apparently without evidence for long-lived subduction of wide oceans or the accretion of numerous exotic terranes.

Late Devonian – Early Carboniferous vertebrate microremains from the Carnic Alps, northern Italy

Geobios ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Randon ◽  
Claire Derycke ◽  
Alain Blieck ◽  
Maria Cristina Perri ◽  
Claudia Spalletta
Keyword(s):  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Carnic Alps

scholarly journals Middle to Late Devonian–Carboniferous collapse basins on the Finnmark Platform and in the southwesternmost Nordkapp basin, SW Barents Sea

Solid Earth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl ◽  
Steffen G. Bergh ◽  
Tormod Henningsen ◽  
Jan Inge Faleide
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Normal Displacement ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
The North ◽  
Caledonian Orogeny

Abstract. The SW Barents Sea margin experienced a pulse of extensional deformation in the Middle–Late Devonian through the Carboniferous, after the Caledonian Orogeny terminated. These events marked the initial stages of formation of major offshore basins such as the Hammerfest and Nordkapp basins. We mapped and analyzed three major fault complexes, (i) the Måsøy Fault Complex, (ii) the Rolvsøya fault, and (iii) the Troms–Finnmark Fault Complex. We discuss the formation of the Måsøy Fault Complex as a possible extensional splay of an overall NE–SW-trending, NW-dipping, basement-seated Caledonian shear zone, the Sørøya–Ingøya shear zone, which was partly inverted during the collapse of the Caledonides and accommodated top–NW normal displacement in Middle to Late Devonian–Carboniferous times. The Troms–Finnmark Fault Complex displays a zigzag-shaped pattern of NNE–SSW- and ENE–WSW-trending extensional faults before it terminates to the north as a WNW–ESE-trending, NE-dipping normal fault that separates the southwesternmost Nordkapp basin in the northeast from the western Finnmark Platform and the Gjesvær Low in the southwest. The WNW–ESE-trending, margin-oblique segment of the Troms–Finnmark Fault Complex is considered to represent the offshore prolongation of a major Neoproterozoic fault complex, the Trollfjorden–Komagelva Fault Zone, which is made of WNW–ESE-trending, subvertical faults that crop out on the island of Magerøya in NW Finnmark. Our results suggest that the Trollfjorden–Komagelva Fault Zone dies out to the northwest before reaching the western Finnmark Platform. We propose an alternative model for the origin of the WNW–ESE-trending segment of the Troms–Finnmark Fault Complex as a possible hard-linked, accommodation cross fault that developed along the Sørøy–Ingøya shear zone. This brittle fault decoupled the western Finnmark Platform from the southwesternmost Nordkapp basin and merged with the Måsøy Fault Complex in Carboniferous times. Seismic data over the Gjesvær Low and southwesternmost Nordkapp basin show that the low-gravity anomaly observed in these areas may result from the presence of Middle to Upper Devonian sedimentary units resembling those in Middle Devonian, spoon-shaped, late- to post-orogenic collapse basins in western and mid-Norway. We propose a model for the formation of the southwesternmost Nordkapp basin and its counterpart Devonian basin in the Gjesvær Low by exhumation of narrow, ENE–WSW- to NE–SW-trending basement ridges along a bowed portion of the Sørøya-Ingøya shear zone in the Middle to Late Devonian–early Carboniferous. Exhumation may have involved part of a large-scale metamorphic core complex that potentially included the Lofoten Ridge, the West Troms Basement Complex and the Norsel High. Finally, we argue that the Sørøya–Ingøya shear zone truncated and decapitated the Trollfjorden–Komagelva Fault Zone during the Caledonian Orogeny and that the western continuation of the Trollfjorden–Komagelva Fault Zone was mostly eroded and potentially partly preserved in basement highs in the SW Barents Sea.

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