Vitrinite reflectance measurements from the South Whale Basin, Grand Banks, eastern Canada, and implications for hydrocarbon exploration

Geochemical analysis is necessary to enable the optimization of hydrocarbon exploration. In this research, it is used to determine the oil characteristics and the type of source rock candidates that produces hydrocarbon in the “KITKAT” Field and also to understand the quality, quantity and maturity of proven source rocks. The evaluation of source rock was obtained from Rock-Eval Pyrolysis (REP) to determine the hydrocarbon type and analysis of the value of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was performed to know the quantity of its organic content. Analysis of Tmax value and Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro) was also performed to know the maturity level of the source rock samples. Then the oil characteristics such as the depositional environment of source rock candidate and where the oil sample develops were obtained from pattern matching and fingerprinting analysis of Biomarker data GC/GCMS. Moreover, these data are used to know the correlation of oil to source rock. The result of source rock evaluation shows that the Talangakar Formation (TAF) has all these parameters as a source rock. Organic material from Upper Talangakar Formation (UTAF) comes from kerogen type II/III that is capable of producing oil and gas (Espitalie, 1985) and Lower Talangakar Formation (LTAF) comes from kerogen type III that is capable of producing gas. All intervals of TAF have a quantity value from very good–excellent considerable from the amount of TOC > 1% (Peters and Cassa, 1994). Source rock maturity level (Ro > 0.6) in UTAF is mature–late mature and LTAF is late mature–over mature (Peters and Cassa, 1994). Source rock from UTAF has deposited in the transition environment, and source rock from LTAF has deposited in the terrestrial environment. The correlation of oil to source rock shows that oil sample is positively correlated with the UTAF.

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Deepwater reservoir prediction using broadband seismic-driven impedance inversion and seismic sedimentology in the South China Sea

Interpretation ◽

10.1190/int-2018-0029.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. SO17-SO29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yaneng Luo ◽

Handong Huang ◽

Yadi Yang ◽

Qixin Li ◽

Sheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

Seismic Data ◽

Seismic Velocity ◽

The South China Sea ◽

Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽

The South ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

China Sea ◽

Impedance Inversion

In recent years, many important discoveries have been made in the marine deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in the South China Sea, which indicates the huge exploration potential of this area. However, the seismic prediction of deepwater reservoirs is very challenging because of the complex sedimentation, the ghost problem, and the low exploration level with sparse wells in deepwater areas. Conventional impedance inversion methods interpolate the low frequencies from well-log data with the constraints of interpreted horizons to fill in the frequency gap between the seismic velocity and seismic data and thereby recover the absolute impedance values that may be inaccurate and cause biased inversion results if wells are sparse and geology is complex. The variable-depth streamer seismic data contain the missing low frequencies and provide a new opportunity to remove the need to estimate the low-frequency components from well-log data. Therefore, we first developed a broadband seismic-driven impedance inversion approach using the seismic velocity as initial low-frequency model based on the Bayesian framework. The synthetic data example demonstrates that our broadband impedance inversion approach is of high resolution and it can automatically balance between the inversion resolution and stability. Then, we perform seismic sedimentology stratal slices on the broadband seismic data to analyze the depositional evolution history of the deepwater reservoirs. Finally, we combine the broadband amplitude stratal slices with the impedance inversion results to comprehensively predict the distribution of deepwater reservoirs. Real data application results in the South China Sea verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our method, which can provide a guidance for the future deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in this area.

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Effects of the 1929 Grand Banks Earthquake On the Continental Slope Off eastern Canada

10.4095/119330 ◽

1982 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D J W Piper ◽

W R Normark

Keyword(s):

Continental Slope ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Grand Banks

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Vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of dispersed organics from eight Grand Banks wells

10.4095/194491 ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

M P Avery

Keyword(s):

Vitrinite Reflectance ◽

Grand Banks

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Illite-smectite diagenesis and palaeotemperatures in Northern North Sea Quaternary to Mesozoic shale sequences

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.1988.023.2.01 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 109-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

M. J. Pearson ◽

J. S. Small

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Vitrinite Reflectance ◽

Chemical Analyses ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Oil Generation ◽

Heating Event ◽

Moray Firth ◽

Northern North Sea ◽

Reflectance Measurements

AbstractClay mineral abundances and illite-smectite (I/S) compositions have been determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in shales of Permo-Triassic to Quaternary age from seven wells in the Viking Graben and Moray Firth. Chemical analyses of size fractions provide evidence that diagenetic illitization of smectite has occurred during burial by uptake of Al and K, and release of Si. K-feldspar was probably the main source of K for illitization. The depth at which random I/S disappears occurs at similar temperatures (mean 93°C) in each well for which reliable measurements are available. Vitrinite reflectance measurements at this depth are also similar (mean 0·64% R0) and correspond to early oil generation. I/S diagenetic levels may have been imprinted by a Tertiary heating event.

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LATERAL AND VERTICAL RANK VARIATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj77018 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A.J Kantsler ◽

G. C. Smith ◽

A. C. Cook

Keyword(s):

Vitrinite Reflectance ◽

Sedimentary Basins ◽

Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽

Hydrocarbon Generation ◽

Marked Rise ◽

Canning Basin ◽

Early Maturation ◽

Late Tertiary ◽

Uplift And Erosion ◽

Gas Fields

Vitrinite reflectance measurements are used to determine the vertical and lateral patterns of rank variation within four Australian sedimentary basins. They are also used to estimate palaeotemperatures which, in conjunction with present well temperatures, allow an appraisal of the timing of coalification and of hydrocarbon generation and distribution.The Canning Basin has a pattern of significant pre-Jurassic coalification which was interrupted by widespread uplift and erosion in the Triassic. Mesozoic and Tertiary coalification is generally weak, resulting in a pattern of rank distribution unfavourable to oil occurrence but indicating some potential for gas. The Cooper Basin also has a depositional break in the Triassic, but the post-Triassic coalification is much more significant than in the Canning Basin. The major gas fields are in, or peripheral to, areas which underwent strong, early, telemagmatic coalification whereas the oil-prone Tirrawarra area is characterized by a marked rise in temperature in the late Tertiary. The deeper parts of the Bass Basin underwent early coalification and are in the zone of oil generation, while most of the remaining area is immature. Inshore areas of the Gippsland Basin are also characterized by early coalification. Areas which are further offshore are less affected by this phase of early maturation, but underwent rapid burial and a sharp rise in temperature in the late Tertiary.

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Icebergs: Their Physical Dimensions and the Presentation and Application of Measured Data

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/s0260305500005334 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 116-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

I. Stuart Hotzel ◽

John D. Miller

Keyword(s):

Engineering Design ◽

East Coast ◽

Offshore Structures ◽

Measured Data ◽

Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽

Morphometric Data ◽

Grand Banks ◽

Functional Relationships ◽

Linear Dimensions ◽

Physical Dimensions

A knowledge of the dimensional characteristics of icebergs off the east coast of Canada is required for both scientific and engineering purposes. To fulfil this need, hydrocarbon exploration in the region has been supported by a program aimed at collecting morphometric data on icebergs, in addition to providing operational support for activities such as ice-berg towing, this program has yielded information which will be useful for the engineering design of offshore structures. Functional relationships between the dimensions of icebergs are presented and ratios between the linear dimensions are examined. These ratios are used to calculate preliminary values for draft and mass on the Grand Banks and are demonstrated to give reasonable values for draft of icebergs off Greenland.

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Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e17-131 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 1630-1643 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Stig M. Bergström ◽

Warren D. Huff ◽

Dennis R. Kolata ◽

Michael J. Melchin

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

North America ◽

Geochemical Data ◽

Northern Coast ◽

Calc Alkaline ◽

The South ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Critical Information ◽

Plate Margin ◽

Alkaline Magmas

The most extensive succession of K-bentonite beds known in the Silurian of North America occurs at Arisaig on the northern coast of Nova Scotia. At least 40 ash beds are present in the Llandoverian Ross Brook Formation and at least four in the early Ludlovian McAdam Brook Formation. Most of the beds are thin (< 5 cm), but one bed (the Smith Brook K-bentonite bed) in the late Llandoverian crenulata Zone and another (the McAdam Brook K-bentonite bed) in the early Ludlovian nilssoni Zone each reach a thickness of 20 cm. New graptolite collections provide critical information on the biostratigraphic position of the K-bentonite beds in the Ross Brook Formation. Geochemical data show that the Arisaig ash beds represent calc-alkaline magmas from plate margin, subduction-related volcanic vents. Differences in K-bentonite stratigraphic distribution, combined with paleogeographic considerations, suggest that the volcanoes were located much farther to the south in the Iapetus than the source volcanoes of the British–Baltoscandian Llandoverian K-bentonites.

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