scholarly journals COMPARISON OF A DNA BASED PCR APPROACH WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN MOROCCO

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathiah Zakham ◽  
Oufae Lahlou ◽  
Mohammed Akrim ◽  
Nada Bouklata ◽  
Sanae Jaouhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Potential Tool

Background: Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem and the rapid diagnosis and appropriate chemotherapy become the first priority and a serious challenge to improve TB treatment.In the objective of early TB diagnosis and rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the clinical specimens, the utility of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using the Insertion Sequence 6110 (IS6110) as target was compared to conventional methods.Methods: Out of 305 patients with different clinical manifestations: suspected, new, drug relapse, drug failure and chronic cases were enrolled in this study and tested by mycobacteriological and PCR techniques for the investigation about the tubercle bacilli.Results: The results of the in house IS6110 PCR showed a good sensitivity (92, 42%) and high specificity (98%), the positive and negative predictive values were 96.4 % and 95.3 % respectively.Conclusion: This study showed clearly that the PCR testing using the IS6110 in the routine analysis is a potential tool for the rapid TB diagnosis, especially for critical cases and would be of great interest to help the clinician in the misdiagnosed critical cases by the traditional radiology.

scholarly journals Reliability of Cobas Amplicor PCR test in detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory and nonorespiratory specimens

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 992-997
Author(s):  
Zorica Lepsanovic ◽  
Dejana Savic ◽  
Branka Tomanovic
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background/Aim. Traditional methods for detection of mycobacteria, such as microscopic examination for the presence of acid-fast bacilli and isolation of the organism by culture, have either a low sensitivity and/or specificity, or take weeks before a definite result is available. Molecular methods, especially those based on nucleic acid amplification, are rapid diagnostic methods which combine high sensitivity and high specificity. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the Cobas Amplicor Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (CAPCR) assay in detecting the tuberculosis cause in respiratory and nonrespiratory specimens (compared to culture). Methods. Specimens were decontaminated by the N-acetyl-L-cystein- NaOH method. A 500 ?L aliquot of the processed specimen were used for inoculation of L?wenstein-Jensen (L-J) slants, a drop for acid-fast staining, and 100 ?L for PCR. The Cobas Amplicor PCR was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results. A total of 110 respiratory and 355 nonrespiratory specimens were investigated. After resolving discrepancies by reviewing medical history, overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for CA-PCR assay compared to culture, were 83%, 100%, 100%, and 96.8%, respectively. In comparison, they were 50%, 99.7%, 87.5%, and 98%, respectively, for the nonrespiratory specimens. The inhibition rate was 2.8% for respiratory, and 7.6% for nonrespiratory specimens. Conclusion. CA-PCR is a reliable assay that enables specialists to start treatment promptly on a positive test result. Lower value for specificity in a group of nonrespiratory specimens is a consequence of an extremely small number of mycobacteria in some of them.

scholarly journals POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS FROM SPUTUM

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (146) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Young Sohn ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
A Khagi ◽  
S S Malla ◽  
B M Pokharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Culture Positive

ABSTRACTTuberculosis has remained to be a major public health problem in Nepal. The risk of spread of infection andemergence of drug-resistant strain has created the need for a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic test.In addition, clinically suspicious cases that do not give positive result in conventional laboratory test needmore sensitive test for diagnosis.In order to evaluate the possibility of incorporation of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis oftuberculosis, we performed a comparative study of PCR to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputumspecimens, against Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) stain and culture as a standard method.A total of 103 specimens were subjected to Z-N staining, culture and PCR for detecting Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. Of these, 19 were positive by Z-N stain, 26 by PCR and 25 by culture. Four stain negativespecimens showed positive result in both culture and PCR. Two specimens of stain and culture positive werePCR negative. Five specimens showed positive result only with PCR. Two culture positive specimens gavenegative results by both Z-N stain and PCR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negativepredictive value of PCR which were 84%, 93.5%, 80.8% and 94.9% respectively.This study showed that there is no need for PCR test for the smear positive cases. However, PCR could be apossible diagnostic tool for the confirmation of the smear negative cases that show clinical symptoms of TB.Key Words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Z-N stain, PCR, sensitivity, specificity.

scholarly journals Pulmonary alterations in cocaine users

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Terra Filho ◽  
Chen Chin Yen ◽  
Ubiratan de Paula Santos ◽  
Daniel Romero Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pulmonary Infarction ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Cocaine Users

CONTEXT: Brazilian researchers have recently recognized a marked increase in the number of people using abusable drugs and the consequences of this habit. It has become a major public health problem in a potentially productive segment of the general population. In the last few years, several medical articles have given special emphasis to pulmonary complications related to cocaine use. This review is based on this information and experience acquired with groups of cocaine users. OBJECTIVE: To present to physicians the pulmonary aspects of cocaine use and warn about the various effects this drug has on the respiratory system, stressing those related to long-term use. DESIGN: Narrative review. METHOD: Pulmonary complications are described. These may include infections (Staphylococcus aureus, pulmonary tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/aids, etc.), aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, septic embolism, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, barotrauma, pulmonary granulomatosis, bronchiolitis obliterans and organizing pneumonia, pneumonitis and interstitial fibrosis, pneumonitis hypersensitivity, lung infiltrates and eosinophilia in individuals with bronchial hyperreactivity, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, vasculitis, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary hypertension and alterations in gas exchange. It is concluded that physicians should give special attention to the various pulmonary and clinical manifestations related to cocaine use, particularly in young patients.

scholarly journals Critical analysis: use of polymerase chain reaction to diagnose leprosy

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviane Granero Maltempe ◽  
Vanessa Pietrowski Baldin ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Lopes ◽  
Vera Lúcia Dias Siqueira ◽  
Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Biology Technique ◽  
Pcr Inhibitor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques

ABSTRACT Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease and an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. It is a chronic infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which has a predilection for the skin and peripheral nerves. Although it has low sensitivity, slit-skin smear (SSS) remains the conventional auxiliary laboratory technique for the clinical diagnosis of leprosy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique that holds promise as a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool. In the present study, the performance of two PCR methods, using different targets, PCR-LP and PCR-P, were compared with SSS with regard to leprosy diagnosis in a reference laboratory. M. leprae DNA was extracted from 106 lymph samples of 40 patients who had clinical suspicion of leprosy. The samples were subjected to both PCR techniques and SSS. Amplification of the human b-globin gene was used as PCR inhibitor control. The specificity of both PCR techniques was 100%, and sensitivity was 0.007 and 0.015 µg/ml for PCR-LP and PCR-P, respectively. No significant difference was found between either the PCR-LP or PCR-P results and SSS results (p > 0.05). Although PCR is not yet a replacement for SSS in the diagnosis of leprosy, this technique may be used as an efficient auxiliary tool for early detection of the disease, especially in endemic regions. This strategy may also be useful in cases in which SSS results are negative (e.g., in paucibacillary patients) and cases in which skin biopsy cannot be performed.

Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1529-1533
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Moro ◽  
Hector H. Garcia ◽  
Armando E. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Cystic Hydatid

Cystic hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic disease principally transmitted between dogs and domestic livestock, particularly sheep. Humans are infected when they ingest tapeworm eggs, with disease occurring in most parts of the world where sheep are raised and dogs are used to herd livestock. The most common clinical manifestations are cysts in the liver (typically presenting with hepatomegaly) and/or lung (presenting with cough, haemoptysis, and dyspnoea). Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of serological tests in combination with imaging techniques. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy with anthelminthic agents, or—for liver cysts—PAIR (puncture–aspiration–injection–reaspiration). Echinococcosis is a major public health problem in several countries. Control programmes have been aimed at educating dog owners to prevent their animals from having access to infected offal. Vaccines against sheep hydatidosis and the dog tapeworm stage are promising alternatives.

scholarly journals Etiology of Diarrhea Requiring Hospitalization in Bangladesh by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, 2014–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Taniuchi ◽  
Kamrul Islam ◽  
Md Abu Sayeed ◽  
James A Platts-Mills ◽  
Md Taufiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Diarrhea remains a major public health problem and characterization of its etiology is needed to prioritize interventions. However, most data are from single-site studies of children. We tested samples from participants of any age from 11 geographically diverse hospitals in Bangladesh to describe pathogen-specific burdens of diarrhea. Methods We utilized 2 existing diarrhea surveillance systems: a Nationwide network at 10 sentinel hospitals and at the icddr,b hospital. We tested stools from enrolled participants and nondiarrheal controls for enteropathogens using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and calculated pathogen-specific attributable fractions (AFs) of diarrhea. Results We analyzed 5516 patients with diarrhea and 735 controls. Overall, rotavirus had the highest attributable burden of diarrhea (Nationwide AF, 17.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.3–20.9%; icddr,b AF, 39.9%; 38.0–41.8%), followed by adenovirus 40/41 (Nationwide AF, 17.9%; 95% CI: 13.9–21.9%; icddr,b AF, 16.6%; 95% CI, 14.4–19.4%) and Vibrio cholerae (Nationwide AF, 10.2%; 95% CI, 9.1–11.3%; icddr,b AF, 13.3%; 95% CI: 11.9–15.1%). Rotavirus was the leading pathogen in children <5 years and was consistent across the sites (coefficient of variation = 56.3%). Adenovirus 40/41 was the second leading pathogen in both children and adults. Vibrio cholerae was the leading pathogen in individuals >5 years old, but was more geographically variable (coefficient of variation = 71.5%). Other attributable pathogens included astrovirus, norovirus, Shigella, Salmonella, ETEC, sapovirus, and typical EPEC. Conclusions Rotavirus, adenovirus 40/41, and V. cholerae were the leading etiologies of infectious diarrhea requiring hospitalization in Bangladesh. Other pathogens were important in certain age groups or sites.

scholarly journals Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections in Seropositive Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Chugh ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garg ◽  
Rashmi Sarkar ◽  
Kabir Sardana
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Sexually transmitted diseases are a major public health problem both in developing and in developed countries, and especially with the co-synergy with HIV infection, there is an increasing need to have a proper understanding of the clinicodemographic patterns of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for planning and implementing control strategies. Worldwide, there is an increased preponderance of viral STIs. Increasing incidence and altered clinical presentation of viral STIs in patients with HIV pose a diagnostic challenge; thereby, we studied the demographic profile of HIV-seropositive patients and compared clinical manifestations of viral STIs in HIV-seropositive patients to those in seronegative individuals. Twenty-seven HIV-seropositive patients with viral STI (herpes/molluscum/warts) and same number of age-, sex-, and STI-matched seronegative patients were studied for variability in clinical profile. There were significant differences in the demographic factors (education, income, and migration) and sexual practices (number of contacts and source of infection) in the 2 groups. Lesional symptoms, increased extent of lesions, and resistance to treatment were significantly more common in HIV-seropositive patients.

Prevalence of porA pseudogene deletion among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates referred to the UK’s Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Program

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Toby ◽  
Pamela Saunders ◽  
Michelle Cole ◽  
Vlad Grigorjev ◽  
Sarah Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Prevalence

porA pseudogene-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates produce false-negative results when examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with porA pseudogene targets. In the present study, 533 representative gonococcal isolates received in 2011 via the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Program were examined to determine the prevalence of porA-negative isolates. Less than 0.4% (2/533) of isolates were found to be reproducibly negative with the porA real-time PCR but were confirmed as N. gonorrhoeae with molecular, biochemical and immunological confirmatory tests. Sequencing revealed both isolates contained the Neisseria meningitidis porA gene. Low prevalence indicates that although these isolates do not present a major public health problem, microbiologists should remain vigilant.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN NILAI HEMATOKRIT DAN LAJU ENDAP DARAH PADA ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI VIRUS DENGUE DI MANADO

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti S. P. Kamuh ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Maya F. Memah
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation

Abstract: Dengue is a major public health problem that can be found throughout the tropical and subtropical countries around the world. Spectrum of clinical manifestations of dengue virus infection varies greatly. In addition to clinical symptoms, the diagnosis of dengue virus infection need to be supported by blood tests such as hematocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. This study aimed to determine the hematocrit value and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in children with dengue virus infection in Manado. This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from Desember 2014 to January 2015 at GMIM Pancaran Kasih, Advent, and Robert Wolter Mongisidi hospitals in Manado. There were 37 patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, consisted of 17 males and 20 females. The results showed that of 37 patients, there were 36 with hematocrit within normal limits. Moreover, of 37 patients only 6 patients performed the ESR examination; only 1 child had a rapid ESR result (> 15mm/h). Conclusion: In this study, most of the pediatric patients with dengue virus infection in Manado had normal hematocrit. Of 6 patients who had performed ESR test, only 1 had rapid ESR.Keywords: dengue, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rateAbstrak: Dengue merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama dan dapat ditemui diseluruh daerah tropis dan subtropis di seluruh dunia. Spektrum manifestasi klinis infeksi virus dengue sangat bervariasi. Selain gejala klinis, diagnosis infeksi virus dengue perlu ditunjang hasil uji darah di laboratorium antara lain hematokrit dan laju endap darah (LED). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai hematokrit dan LED pada anak dengan infeksi virus dengue di Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2014 sampai Januari 2015 di RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado, RS Advent Manado, dan RSAD Robert Wolter Mongisidi Teling17 anak laki-laki dan 20 anak perempuan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 36 dari 37 pasien mempunyai hematokrit normal. Dasri 37 pasien, hanya 6 anak yang menjalani pemeriksaan LED; hanya 1 anak dengan LED cepat (> 15mm/jam). Simpulan: Pada studi ini, sebagian besar pasien anak dengan infeksi virus dengue di Manado mempunyai nilai hematokrit normal. Dari 6 pasien yang dilakukan pemeriksaan LED, 1 anak mempunyai hasil LED cepat.Kata kunci: dengue, hematrokrit, laju endap darah.

scholarly journals Diuretic treatment in chronic heart failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Camelia C. DIACONU ◽  
◽  
Alice BĂLĂCEANU ◽  
Mihaela Adela IANCU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Central Pillar

Heart failure is a major public health problem in developed countries. Many of the clinical manifestations of heart failure are due to congestion and fluid retention, therefore diuretic therapy occupied for a long time an important place in the management of these patients. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from the body, each of the classes of diuretics achieving this effect in a distinct manner. Given the magnitude of their effect, loop diuretics are the central pillar of diuretic therapy in many patients with heart failure. Resistance to diuretic therapy is one of the management issues for medical science, which is looking for solutions.

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