scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF IMPORTED MALARIA IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Odolini ◽  
Philippe Gautret ◽  
Philippe Parola
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance

Malaria is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of our time, causing approximately one million deaths, most of them in sub-Saharan Africa and under the age of 5. During the last few years the number of imported malaria cases in Europe has decreased, but several imported malaria cases are still reported in Europe and Mediterranean countries, probably supported by the increasing number of international travel in association with the enormous influx of immigrants from malaria-endemic countries. Moreover, the presence of Anopheline vectors in Mediterranean countries, the returned infected travellers as a source of parasite and climate changes may result in the reappearance of malaria in countries where it was previously eradicated, such as Greece in the recent years. Several cases of autochthonous malaria have recently been reported to support the need of an ongoing surveillance for mosquito control and an increased vigilance by health professionals. Aim of this review is to explore all literature about imported malaria in Mediterranean areas and the potential consequences of this, providing a critical comprehensive revision of actual knowledge.

scholarly journals Maintaining paediatric cardiac services during the COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country in sub-Saharan Africa: guidelines for a “scale up” in the face of a global “scale down”

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1588-1594
Author(s):  
Ogochukwu J. Sokunbi ◽  
Ogadinma Mgbajah ◽  
Augustine Olugbemi ◽  
Bassey O. Udom ◽  
Ariyo Idowu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
International Experts

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is currently ravaging the globe and the African continent is not left out. While the direct effects of the pandemic in regard to morbidity and mortality appear to be more significant in the developed world, the indirect harmful effects on already insufficient healthcare infrastructure on the African continent would in the long term be more detrimental to the populace. Women and children form a significant vulnerable population in underserved areas such as the sub-Saharan region, and expectedly will experience the disadvantages of limited healthcare coverage which is a major fall out of the pandemic. Paediatric cardiac services that are already sparse in various sub-Saharan countries are not left out of this downsizing. Restrictions on international travel for patients out of the continent to seek medical care and for international experts into the continent for regular mission programmes leave few options for children with cardiac defects to get the much-needed care.There is a need for a region-adapted guideline to scale-up services to cater for more children with congenital heart disease (CHD) while providing a safe environment for healthcare workers, patients, and their caregivers. This article outlines measures adapted to maintain paediatric cardiac care in a sub-Saharan tertiary centre in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic and will serve as a guide for other institutions in the region who will inadvertently need to provide these services as the demand increases.

Envisioning a National e-Medicine Network Architecture in a Developing Country

2011 ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Fikreyohannes Lemma ◽  
Mieso K. Denko ◽  
Joseph K. Tan ◽  
Samuel Kinde Kassegne
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Medical And Healthcare

Poor infrastructures in developing countries such as Ethiopia and much of Sub-Saharan Africa have caused these nations to suffer from lack of efficient and effective delivery of basic and extended medical and healthcare services. Often, such limitation is further accompanied by low patient-doctor ratios, resulting in unwarranted rationing of services. Apparently, e-medicine awareness among both governmental policy makers and private health professionals is motivating the gradual adoption of technological innovations in these countries. It is argued, however, that there still is a gap between current e-medicine efforts in developing countries and the existing connectivity infrastructure leading to faulty, inefficient and expensive designs. The particular case of Ethiopia, one such developing country where e-medicine continues to carry significant promises, is investigated and reported in this article.

Envisioning a National E-Medicine Network Architecture in a Developing Country

2011 ◽  
pp. 306-326
Author(s):  
Fikreyohannes Lemma ◽  
Mieso K. Denko ◽  
Joseph K. Tan ◽  
Samuel Kinde Kassegne
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Medical And Healthcare

Poor infrastructures in developing countries such as Ethiopia and much of Sub-Saharan Africa have caused these nations to suffer from lack of efficient and effective delivery of basic and extended medical and healthcare services. Often, such limitation is further accompanied by low patient-doctor ratios, resulting in unwarranted rationing of services. Apparently, e-medicine awareness among both governmental policy makers and private health professionals is motivating the gradual adoption of technological innovations in these countries. It is argued, however, that there still is a gap between current e-medicine efforts in developing countries and the existing connectivity infrastructure leading to faulty, inefficient and expensive designs. The particular case of Ethiopia, one such developing country where emedicine continues to carry significant promises, is investigated and reported in this article.

Envisioning a National e-Medicine Network Architecture in a Developing Country

2011 ◽  
pp. 1322-1341
Author(s):  
Fikreyohannes Lemma ◽  
Mieso K. Denko ◽  
Joseph K. Tan ◽  
Samuel Kinde Kassegne
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Medical And Healthcare

Poor infrastructures in developing countries such as Ethiopia and much of Sub-Saharan Africa have caused these nations to suffer from lack of efficient and effective delivery of basic and extended medical and healthcare services. Often, such limitation is further accompanied by low patient-doctor ratios, resulting in unwarranted rationing of services. Apparently, e-medicine awareness among both governmental policy makers and private health professionals is motivating the gradual adoption of technological innovations in these countries. It is argued, however, that there still is a gap between current e-medicine efforts in developing countries and the existing connectivity infrastructure leading to faulty, inefficient and expensive designs. The particular case of Ethiopia, one such developing country where emedicine continues to carry significant promises, is investigated and reported in this article.

scholarly journals Caring for HIV-positive children: healthcare providers' pre-and post-disclosure experiences in Nairobi, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Drusilla Makworo ◽  
Theresa Odero
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background The number of children living with HIV has increased worldwide, largely due to improvements in antiretroviral therapy. Most of these children are living in sub-Saharan Africa. The rate of disclosure to children of their HIV-positive status is low in low-resource countries compared to high-resource countries. Aim To explore health professionals' experiences of caring for HIV-positive children before and after their HIV-positive status was disclosed to them. The health professionals included nurses, counsellors, nutritionists, social workers, pharmacists and clinicians with at least 1 year of experience at the paediatric section of the comprehensive care centre. Methods Nine health professionals were interviewed. Findings Results revealed that there were more challenges before disclosure than after. The main challenge was communicating with the children. The children's main concerns before disclosures included the reason for treatment and its duration, and clinic follow-up. Conclusions Health professionals should be trained on the benefits of HIV disclosure to children, in order to allow for open and direct communication between healthcare providers, parents/carers and children.

scholarly journals Malaria in Tunisian Military Personnel after Returning from External Operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Faïda Ajili ◽  
Riadh Battikh ◽  
Janet Laabidi ◽  
Rim Abid ◽  
Najeh Bousetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Military

Introduction. Malaria had been eliminated in Tunisia since 1979, but there are currently 40 to 50 imported cases annually. Soldiers are no exception as the incidence of imported malaria is increasing in Tunisian military personnel after returning from malaria-endemic area, often in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and biological presentations, treatment, and outcomes of 37 Tunisian military personnel hospitalized at the Department of Internal Medicine, the Military Hospital of Tunis, between January 1993 and January 2011, for imported malaria. The clinical and laboratory features were obtained from the medical records and a questionnaire was filled by the patients about the compliance of malaria prophylaxis. Results. Thirty-seven male patients, with a mean age of 41 years, were treated for malaria infection. Twenty-two were due to Plasmodium falciparum. The outcome was favourable for all patients, despite two severe access. The long-term use of chemoprophylaxis has been adopted by only 21 (51%) of expatriate military for daily stresses. Moreover, poor adherence was found in 32 patients. Conclusion. The risk of acquiring malaria infection in Tunisian military personnel can largely be prevented by the regular use of chemoprophylactic drugs combined with protective measures against mosquito bites.

scholarly journals Public and health policy for the aged in Africa to the South of Saara

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Regina Soares de Assunção ◽  
Susana Isabel Mendes Pinto ◽  
Helena Maria Guerreiro José
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specialized Health Care ◽  
Health Support ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the social and health responses for the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: An integrative literature review. Results: There is a lack of specialized health care to meet the real needs of the elderly, and the shortage of health professionals does not contribute favorably to this situation. There is a small number of facilities for the elderly and most of them are inadequate. Although there are models of care as well as social and health support policies for the elderly, there are still inequities/inequalities in access to these policies, especially for the most disadvantaged populations. Conclusion: Social and health policies for the elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa are below standard and appropriate economic, political and social intervention is required.

scholarly journals Development of an Insecticide-Free Trapping Bednet to Control Mosquitoes and Manage Resistance in Malaria Vector Control: A New Way of Thinking

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Chouaibou S. Mouhamadou ◽  
Kun Luan ◽  
Behi K. Fodjo ◽  
Andre J. West ◽  
Marian G. McCord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Crowd Modeling ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Sub Saharan

Mosquito-borne malaria kills 429,000 people each year with the problem being acute in sub-Saharan Africa. The successes gained with long-lasting pyrethroid-treated bednets are now in jeopardy because of wide-spread, pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes. Using crowd modeling theory normalized for standard bednet architecture, we were able to design an attract–trap–kill technology for mosquitoes that does not require insecticides. Using three-dimensional polyester knitting and heat fixation, trap funnels were developed with high capture efficacy with no egression under worst-case laboratory conditions. Field testing in Africa in WHO huts with Gen1-3 T (trap)-Nets validated our model, and as predicted, Gen3 had the highest efficacy with a 4.3-fold greater trap–kill rate with no deterrence or repellency compared to Permanet 2.0, the most common bednet in Africa. A T-Net population model was developed based on field data to predict community-level mosquito control compared to a pyrethroid bednet. This model showed the Gen3 non-insecticidal T-Net under field conditions in Africa against pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes was 12.7-fold more efficacious than single chemical, pyrethroid-treated nets.

scholarly journals Business travel-associated illness: a GeoSentinel analysis†

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin H Chen ◽  
Karin Leder ◽  
Kira A Barbre ◽  
Patricia Schlagenhauf ◽  
Michael Libman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Business Travelers ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Malaria Chemoprophylaxis ◽  
South Central ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Analysis of a large cohort of business travelers will help clinicians focus on frequent and serious illnesses. We aimed to describe travel-related health problems in business travelers. Methods GeoSentinel Surveillance Network consists of 64 travel and tropical medicine clinics in 29 countries; descriptive analysis was performed on ill business travelers, defined as persons traveling for work, evaluated after international travel 1 January 1997 through 31 December 2014. Results Among 12 203 business travelers seen 1997–2014 (14 045 eligible diagnoses), the majority (97%) were adults aged 20–64 years; most (74%) reported from Western Europe or North America; two-thirds were male. Most (86%) were outpatients. Fewer than half (45%) reported a pre-travel healthcare encounter. Frequent regions of exposure were sub-Saharan Africa (37%), Southeast Asia (15%) and South Central Asia (14%). The most frequent diagnoses were malaria (9%), acute unspecified diarrhea (8%), viral syndrome (6%), acute bacterial diarrhea (5%) and chronic diarrhea (4%). Species was reported for 973 (90%) of 1079 patients with malaria, predominantly Plasmodium falciparum acquired in sub-Saharan Africa. Of 584 (54%) with malaria chemoprophylaxis information, 92% took none or incomplete courses. Thirteen deaths were reported, over half of which were due to malaria; others succumbed to pneumonia, typhoid fever, rabies, melioidosis and pyogenic abscess. Conclusions Diarrheal illness was a major cause of morbidity. Malaria contributed substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. Underuse or non-use of chemoprophylaxis contributed to malaria cases. Deaths in business travelers could be reduced by improving adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis and targeted vaccination for vaccine-preventable diseases. Pre-travel advice is indicated for business travelers and is currently under-utilized and needs improvement.

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