scholarly journals Does gently clearing the nasal passage affect odor identification?

Wine Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell G. Spring ◽  
Thomas H. Wiseman ◽  
Robert M. Hallock
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Powerful Effect ◽  
Nasal Passages ◽  
Healthy Participants

Identifying scents in a wine’s bouquet is considered one of the most important steps in the process of wine tasting. An individual’s ability to successfully do this is dependent on the sense of smell; thus, altering the nasal microenvironment could have a powerful effect on the wine tasting experience. In the present study, we examined olfactory performance in healthy participants who cleared their nasal cavity before odorant presentations. Fifty undergraduate participants were assessed with a standardized test of olfaction requiring the recognition of a battery of odors. Half of these participants cleared mucus from their nasal cavities (by gently blowing their noses) prior to the assessment. No difference was found in performance between those who cleared their nasal passages and those who did not. Further, data were not different than known population data from the test. These data suggest that gently clearing the nasal cavity before presentation of odorants bears no effect on the ability to perceive those odor qualities.

Evaluation of Nasal Passage Patency after Antigen and Histamine Challenge in Guinea Pigs by Acoustic Rhinometry

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setsuo Nakamoto ◽  
Yasuo Sakakura ◽  
Ole F. Pedersen ◽  
Kotaro Ukai
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Nasal Airway Resistance

We investigated the effects of antigen and histamine on the nasal passage patency in guinea pigs with or without nasal allergy. The change of nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry and nasal airway resistance. Acoustic reflections have been used in adult humans to determine nasal cavity dimensions in terms of cross-sectional areas as a function of the distance from the nostril. In order to measure nasal cavity dimensions in guinea pigs, we modified equipment for use in humans by decreasing sound tube dimensions, increasing sampling frequency, and applying a special nosepiece. The percent change of volume, minimum cross-sectional area, and nasal airway resistance showed the largest changes at 10 minutes after antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs. There was a significant correlation between the individual percent change of nasal airway resistance and volume or minimum cross-sectional area. Histamine, 102 to 105 μg/mL, caused a dose-dependent reduction in percent change of volume in the challenged side of nonsensitized guinea pigs, but not in the opposite side. These results indicate that the noninvasive acoustic reflections technique is useful in small experimental animals, especially to assess the effect of nasal cavity dimensions after the challenge of antigen or nonspecific stimuli.

Palatal flap in bilateral inferior partial maxillectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e239006
Author(s):  
Daniel Sathiya Sundaram Selvaraj ◽  
Pranay Gaikwad ◽  
Jagadish Ebenezer
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Local Flap ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
And Function ◽  
Palatine Artery

Maxillectomy is done for a variety of disease conditions. Reconstruction following maxillectomy is done to restore the form and function. One of the important goals that are to be achieved in reconstruction is the separation of the oral and nasal cavities. In this article, we report the use of palatal flap by preserving the descending palatine artery during bilateral inferior partial maxillectomy, for separating the nasal cavity from the oral cavity. This technique eliminates the need for an obturator or another free or local flap for this purpose.

scholarly journals Sudden Tachycardia Due to Submucosal Migration of an Epinephrine-Soaked Swab During Nasal Intubation

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Hoshi ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
Masayuki Somei ◽  
Takehiko Iijima ◽  
Yuka Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Tracheal Tube ◽  
Sinus Tachycardia ◽  
Nasotracheal Intubation ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Nasal Intubation ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
False Passage ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

A 23-year-old healthy man was scheduled for extraction of his mandibular third molars under general anesthesia with nasotracheal intubation. Sudden sinus tachycardia up to 170 beats/min occurred when applying an epinephrine solution-soaked swab into the nasal cavity for preventing epistaxis during intubation. This was presumably evoked by submucosal migration of the swab into a false passage created because of the force applied during a prior failed attempt at nasal passage of the tracheal tube, and rapid epinephrine absorption by the traumatized mucosa. The causes of the unexpected severe tachycardia in our patient are discussed.

Clindamycin-Induced Lip and Nasal Passage Swelling

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 885-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry W. Segars ◽  
Kathy R. Threlkeld
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Nasal Passages ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

OBJECTIVE: To report a severe case of clindamycin-induced lip and nasal passage swelling. DESIGN: Single case report. SETTING: Six hundred eighty-four-bed community hospital. CASE SUMMARY: A 34-year-old, insulin-dependent diabetic white man with worsening cellulitis and osteomyelitis of the left great toe was admitted for treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Intravenous clindamycin was the first agent administered. Within 5 minutes after initiating the drug (600-mg dose) the patient began to sneeze and his eyes began to tear and itch. Within 10 minutes, his lips and nasal passages began to swell. By the end of the infusion (approximately 20 min), the patient's lips were severely swollen and his nasal passages were completely closed off secondary to the swelling. The patient did not have difficulty breathing through his mouth and denied any shortness of breath. He did not develop a rash. His vital signs remained stable and no pharmacologic agents were administered for this reaction. No subsequent doses of clindamycin were given and complete resolution of all symptoms occurred within 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Severe lip and nasal passage swelling is an uncommon adverse reaction associated with the use of intravenous clindamycin. We believe this to be the first published case of nasal passage swelling and only the second case reporting lip edema associated with the intravenous form of this agent. Clinicians should be aware of this uncommon but potentially severe reaction.

scholarly journals THE TRANSMISSION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS OPHTHALMIA OF CATTLE

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Jones ◽  
Ralph B. Little
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Fine Spray ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Nasal Passages ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Gain Access

The experiments in which transmission of the disease was attempted by flies hardly parallel the observations within the herd. It is not unusual to observe large numbers of flies feeding on the exudate. Slight disturbances may interrupt feeding and cause the flies to disperse and within a short period alight about the eyes of other cows. The experiments, however, bring out the fact that the bacterium will not remain viable for even a few minutes in the digestive tract of the fly. Its life on the external surfaces of the fly is extremely short and in our observations has not exceeded 3 hours. The latter fact strengthens the opinion that in the main the infection is not dust-borne since the bacterium soon dies when not in contact with the eye. Two other points are of considerable significance. The ability of the organism to maintain itself on the eye for considerable periods after the acute symptoms have subsided may explain the reappearance of cases during the warmer months. The organism can exist in the eye throughout the winter and with the warm weather flies may transmit it to other susceptible individuals and thus a nucleus of an epidemic may be established. The presence of the organism in the nasal passages in the incubation stage and early in the disease in two of our experimental animals affords an explanation for the appearance of the disease in sporadic cases in the colder months. It is assumed that nasal exudate as a fine spray may be forcibly expelled and directly reach the eyeball of a normal individual. It has been shown that small quantities of culture sprayed on the cornea are capable of giving rise to the characteristic disease. The irregularity of the elimination of the organism through the nostril may be explained by the effect of inflammation on the tear duct. In experimental cases a small quantity of bouillon containing the culture was dropped or sprayed on the cornea. Doubtless the bacilli are deposited on the mucosa of the tear duct. Here they may multiply and set up an inflammation and thus gain access to the nasal passage. To what degree the virus is spread by the forcible expulsion of nasal secretion containing lacrimal fluid cannot be determined. The elimination of the bacilli from the nasal passage in our experimental inoculations leads us to believe that in the main the phenomenon is associated with early infections. The examination of the nasal passages of a large number of well established cases with negative findings tends to corroborate this view. Of interest to those concerned with the treatment of animal diseases is the readiness with which the inflammation subsides when treated with 1:40 zinc sulfate.

scholarly journals An Experimental Validation of the Computer Fluid Dynamics of Normal Human Nasal Airflow Using a Precise 3-D Printing Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Fu ◽  
Yin Cheng ◽  
Huanhai Liu ◽  
Jianchun Liao ◽  
Mingqing Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Check Points ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Computer Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Nasal Flow

AbstractComputer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a popular method for studying airflow of nasal cavities. However, the data of CFD studies has rarely been validated through experiments. To test the accuracy of CFD computation, we studied the consistency of the air pressure of nasal cavities in the CFD and the experiment. A proportional resin model of a normal human subject’s nasal cavities was created by a 3-d printer with a precision value of 0.1mm. The pressure of 63 check points in the nasal cavities in different breathing states was measured. The experimental data was compared with the data obtained by CFD simulation. At the flow rates of 180 ml s-1 and 560 ml s-1, the pressure in all check points remained highly consistent with the CFD data. At 1100 ml s-1 flow rate, there was a significant deviation in the posterior segment of the nasal cavity during exhalation. The method used in this study to measure the pressure in the nasal cavities can be used in experimental validation of CFD data. The computational methods and the boundary conditions used in this study resulted in a high agreement between the results of the CFD simulation and the experiment.Author SummaryIn the contemporary era, Computer fluid dynamics (CFD) is the mainstream method for studying air flow. Due to the complex anatomical structure of the nasal cavity, the CFD results of the nasal flow have rarely been experimentally verified. This study provides a method to verify the methods and results of nasal CFD. We printed an accurate model of a normal person’s nasal cavity with a high-precision 3D printer. In this nasal cavity model, we set 63 small holes to detect the air pressure of the places we concerned. Three different nasal flow quantity are used to represent different breathing conditions: high (1100 ml s-1), medium (560 ml s-1), and low (180 ml s-1). In medium and low nasal flow quantities, our CFD results are in good agreement with the experimental pressure values. On this basis, we analyzed the characteristics of nasal airflow in normal people. The method used in this study to measure the pressure in the nasal cavities can be used in experimental measurements of the partial resistance of the nasal cavity. With proper modification, it can be applied to the clinical practice for nasal resistance, giving more help for the design of the operation plan.

Alae nasi activation decreases nasal resistance during hyperoxic hypercapnia

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Xin Shi ◽  
Margaret Seto-Poon ◽  
John R. Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Nasal Vestibule ◽  
Nasal Decongestant ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Before And After

It has been proposed that decreases in nasal resistance (Rn) during hypercapnia are entirely due to vasoconstriction in the nasal cavity. We hypothesized that alae nasi (AN) muscle activity dilates the nasal vestibule and contributes to the decrease in Rn during hypercapnia. Nine normal subjects were studied during hyperoxic hypercapnia (HH). Rn and vestibular resistance (Rvest) for one nasal passage were measured simultaneously with the AN electromyogram before and after nasal decongestion. HH decreased Rvest from 1.6 ± 0.6 to 0.8 ± 0.9 cmH2O ⋅ l−1 ⋅ s (predecongestant) and from 1.3 ± 0.8 to 0.6 ± 0.7 cmH2O ⋅ l−1 ⋅ s (postdecongestant; both P < 0.01). Nasal decongestant decreased Rn but not Rvest. Significant inverse linear relationships between Rvest and AN electromyogram were demonstrated for all subjects. We conclude that in normal subjects during HH 1) decreases in Rvest are predominantly due to increases in AN activity; and 2) decreases in Rn are due to a combination of mucosal vasoconstriction and AN activation.

Acoustic rhinometry: influence of paranasal sinuses

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hilberg ◽  
O. F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Measured Volume ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses ◽  
Made In

The influence of the maxillary sinuses in acoustic rhinometry (AR) has not been evaluated, and this is the aim of the present study. We examined six subjects with AR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after nasal decongestion to compare the area-distance relationships determined by the two methods. From the MRI data we obtained copies of the nasal cavities with and without maxillary sinuses, which were made in plastic by a stereolithographic method. AR curves from models without maxillary sinuses differed from AR curves with sinuses included but were in agreement with MRI curves without inclusion of sinuses. A similar difference in AR was seen in two subjects before and after the nasal cavities were flushed with saline to fill up the maxillary sinuses. The measured volume in the first 50 mm of the nasal cavity models was unaffected by the sinuses, but the volume in the first 70 mm corresponding to the length of the nasal cavity septum was increased slightly but significantly (from 10.8 to 11.3 cm3; P = 0.05). The presence of maxillary sinuses increased the volume of the epipharynx (70-100 mm from the nostril) from 12.2 to 21.3 cm3 (P < 0.01), and this increase was not due to the influence from the contralateral nasal cavity. We conclude that the maxillary sinuses may significantly contribute to the acoustically determined areas in the posterior part of the nasal cavity and the epipharynx, especially during decongestion, and may explain a part of the difference between area-distance curves obtained by AR and MRI, whereas contribution from the contralateral nasal cavity does not.

Neoplastic lesions in the nasal cavities of dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-377
Author(s):  
J. Spużak ◽  
M. Jankowski ◽  
K. Kubiak ◽  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
M. Grzegory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

Abstract This paper aims at evaluating the frequency of nasal cavity tumors in dogs as well as comparing an endoscopic examination with a histopathological evaluation of the collected biopsy specimens. The study was conducted on 68 dogs. During the endoscopic examination, proliferative lesions were recognized in 20 dogs. During the histopathological examination, neoplastic lesions were confirmed in 95% of the dogs in which proliferative lesions were identified in the endoscopic examination. Adenocarcinoma occurred most frequently in the population under study

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