scholarly journals Innocuousness of conjunctival vaccination with Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1 in pregnant Iranian fat-tailed ewes

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Alamian ◽  
Ramin Bagheri Nejad ◽  
Hamid Reza Jalali ◽  
Armin Kalantari ◽  
Afshar Etemadi
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Excretion In Milk ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Antibody Titers

<em>Brucella</em> <em>melitensis</em> strain Rev.1 is the most effective vaccine against brucellosis in sheep and goats. In Iran, mass vaccination is carried out all over the country in which adult animals are immunized by subcutaneous injection of reduced doses of the vaccine. However, due to antibody responses elicited by vaccination, concomitant implementation of test-andslaughter is impossible. To overcome the problem, vaccination through conjunctival route is recommended. In this study, serological responses of six pregnant Iranian fat-tailed ewes to conjunctival vaccination with standard doses of the vaccine were evaluated using modified Rose Bengal test, serum agglutination test and indirect ELISA. Besides, vaccine strain excretion in milk and vaginal discharges was also examined by microbiological culture of milk and vaginal swab samples taken one day post-parturition. Animals were vaccinated during the second half of gestation. As the results, antibody titers of five (83.3%) ewes decreased to the levels not detectable by the tests within three months after vaccination. No vaccine-induced abortions occurred and vaccinated ewes delivered healthy lambs 50.33±15.56 (mean ± standard deviation) days post-vaccination. Vaccine strain was not isolated from milk and vaginal swab samples. Generally, our study shows full doses of <em>B. melitensis</em> strain Rev.1 can be used conjunctively to vaccinate pregnant Iranian sheep during late pregnancy without abortifacient effects, prolonged antibody responses and vaccine strain excretion in milk and vaginal discharges. Nevertheless, further studies are required to determine safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in field conditions.

scholarly journals Interferon gene expression as marker of immune maturation and response to vaccination

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S61-S61
Author(s):  
Raquel Giacomelli Cao ◽  
Bennett Smith ◽  
Eleonora Bunsow ◽  
Santtu Heinonen ◽  
Sara Mertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Board Member ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Transcriptional Profiles ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Interferon Gene ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Interferons (IFN) play a major role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Studies in adults and older children demonstrated significant correlations between IFN gene expression and antibody responses to influenza vaccines. However, there is still an incomplete understanding of the role of IFN in the ontogeny of the infant immune system and how they affect the immune response to vaccines in this population. Our objective with this study is to define longitudinal age-related changes in interferon gene expression and the changes induced by routine vaccinations. Methods We enrolled 2 cohorts of healthy children: 81 children aged &lt; 2 years evaluated at one-time point to assess age-dependent changes in IFN gene expression; and 47 &lt; 1 year olds evaluated at three times, before vaccination (day (d) 0) and d7 and d30 post-vaccination. Peripheral blood samples were collected to measure: (a) immune transcriptional profiles by microarrays; (b) immune cell populations by flow cytometry, and (c) antibody titers to PCV13, Hib and DTaP in the vaccination cohort. Results Analysis of first cohort demonstrated significant underexpression of IFN genes (n = 120) in infants aged &lt;6 months compared with those 12–24 months. By 9 months IFN expression was similar to the older children. IFN gene expression correlated with the numbers of neutrophils and monocytes across all age groups. The second cohort was evaluated at three time points (d0, d7, and d30) during routine vaccinations at 2, 6, and 12 months. We compared transcriptional profiles post-vaccination with d0 for each group and observed consistent overexpression of IFN-related genes at d7 in the three age groups. In 2-month-old infants, we observed significant correlations between IFN genes (TAP1, IFIT1/2/3, OASL and GBP1) at d0 (before vaccination) and increase in antibody titers of the three vaccines analyzed (r = 0.5–0.7; P &lt; 0.05). Among the top 15 genes who have the most significant correlations, eight are exclusively induced by type I IFN, six by type II IFN, and one is shared between the two types. Conclusion IFN gene expression at baseline is markedly reduced in infants &lt;6 months. Routine vaccines were associated with marked increased in IFN gene expression at 2, 6, and 12 months. Baseline IFN expression at 2 months correlated with antibody responses to vaccines. Disclosures O. Ramilo, Abbvie: Board Member, Consulting fee; Regeneron: Board Member, Consulting fee; Janssen: Board Member and Investigator, Consulting fee and Research grant; NIH: Grant Investigator, Research grant

scholarly journals No effect of resistance exercise on antibody responses to influenza vaccination in older adults: a randomized control trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud T Elzayat ◽  
Melissa M Markofski ◽  
Richard J Simpson ◽  
Mitzi Laughlin ◽  
Emily C LaVoy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Titers

Older adults are at elevated risk for morbidity and mortality caused by influenza. Vaccination is the primary means of prophylaxis, but protection is often compromised in older adults. As acute eccentric resistance exercise mobilizes immune cells into muscle, it may enhance vaccination response. PURPOSE: Compare antibody responses to influenza vaccination in older adults who performed resistance exercise prior to vaccination to those who did not exercise. METHODS: 29 resistance training-naive older adults (20 women, 73.9 +/- 5.3 years) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: vaccination in the same arm that exercised (Ex-S), vaccination in the opposite arm that exercised (Ex-OP), and seated rest (No-Ex). Exercise was unilateral and consisted of 10 sets of 5 eccentric repetitions at 80% of the pre-determined concentric one repetition maximum. Lateral raises were alternated with bicep curls. No-Ex sat quietly for 25 min. Following exercise or rest, all subjects received the 2018 quadrivalent influenza vaccine (Seqirus Afluria) in the non-dominant deltoid. Antibody titers against the four influenza vaccine strains were determined by hemagglutinin inhibition assays at baseline, 6-, and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Group differences in antibody titers by time were assessed by restricted maximum likelihood mixed models. Fold-changes in antibody titers 6- and 24-weeks from baseline were compared between groups by Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: No significant group x time effects were found for any strain. Groups did not differ in fold-increase of antibody titers 6- and 24-weeks post-vaccination. Although seroconversion rates remained low, only one subject (Ex-S) reported flu-like symptoms 18 weeks post-vaccination. CONCLUSION: Acute arm eccentric exercise did not influence antibody titers to the influenza vaccine delivered post-exercise in older adults. More strenuous exercise may be required for exercise to act as an adjuvant.

scholarly journals Evaluation the efficacy of immunological response in sheep vaccinated with Brucella melitensis strain Rev 1

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0A) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
W. S. AL- Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Antibody Titers

The present study aimed to identify the efficacy of Brucella melitensis vaccine strain Rev 1 in induction of antibodies by different doses and routes of administration; also to obtain the specificity of the serological tests, the study included 28 ewes divided into four equal groups . the animals of first and second groups vaccinated subcutaneously with 2×109 and 2×107 colony forming units (CFU) respectively while the animals of third and fourth groups vaccinated conjunctively with 2×109 and 2×107 CFU respectively . The sera were collected at zero time, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 24 and 28 weeks of the experiment and the antibodies response were evaluated using classical tests ( Rose Bengal, serum agglutination and 2-mercaptoethanol tests ) compared with competitive ELISA test , and brucellin test was used to detect the cellular response . The results showed that antibody titers were higher and remained for longer period in subcutaneously vaccinated groups in both doses compared with those vaccinated conjunctively and the 2-mercaptoethanol test show the best specificity in all vaccinated groups; also the subcutaneously vaccinated groups recorded significant increase in skin thickness in brucellin test after 12 week post vaccination .There was a significant increase in neutrophils activity for reduction of nitrobluetetrazolium stain in all groups between 2nd and 8th post vaccination

scholarly journals Antibody responses induced by trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Thailand: A matched cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253028
Author(s):  
Sutthichai Nakphook ◽  
Jayanton Patumanond ◽  
Manash Shrestha ◽  
Kriengkrai Prasert ◽  
Malinee Chittaganpitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
P Values ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background We compared influenza antibody titers among vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods During 1st June– 30th September 2018, four groups of cohort participants—vaccinated pregnant, unvaccinated pregnant, vaccinated non-pregnant, and unvaccinated non-pregnant women were selected by matching age, gestational age, and the week of vaccination. Serum antibody titers against each strain of 2018 Southern Hemisphere inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (IIV3) were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay on Day 0 (pre-vaccination) and Day 28 (one month post-vaccination) serum samples. Geometric mean titer (GMT), GMT ratio (GMR), seroconversion (defined as ≥4 fold increase in HI titer), and seroprotection (i.e. HI titer ≥1:40) were compared across the study groups using multilevel regression analyses, controlling for previous year vaccination from medical records and baseline antibody levels. Results A total of 132 participants were enrolled in the study (33 in each of the four study groups). The baseline GMTs for influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B vaccine strains were not significantly different among all four groups (all p-values >0.05). After one month, both vaccinated groups had significantly higher GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection than their unvaccinated controls (all p-values <0.05). The seroconversion rate was over 60% for any strain among the vaccinated groups, with the highest (88.8%) observed against A(H1N1) in the vaccinated pregnant group. Similarly, at least 75% of the vaccinated participants developed seroprotective antibody levels against all three strains; the highest seroprotection was found against A(H3N2) at 92.6% among vaccinated non-pregnant participants. Antibody responses (post-vaccination GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection) were not significantly different between pregnant and non-pregnant women for all three strains of IIV3 (all p>0.05). Conclusions The 2018 seasonal IIV3 was immunogenic against all three vaccine strains and pregnancy did not seem to alter the immune response to IIV3. These findings support the current influenza vaccination recommendations for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Antibody responses induced by trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Thailand: a matched cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthichai Nakphook ◽  
Jayanton Patumanond ◽  
Manash Shrestha ◽  
Kriengkrai Prasert ◽  
Malinee Chittaganpitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
P Values ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractBackgroundWe compared influenza antibody titers among vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women.MethodsDuring 1st June – 30th September 2018, four groups of cohort participants - vaccinated pregnant, unvaccinated pregnant, vaccinated non-pregnant, and unvaccinated non-pregnant women were selected by matching age, gestational age, and the week of vaccination. Serum antibody titers against each strain of 2018 Southern Hemisphere inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (IIV3) were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay on Day 0 (pre-vaccination) and Day 28 (one month post-vaccination) serum samples. Geometric mean titer (GMT), GMT ratio (GMR), seroconversion (defined as ≥4 fold increase in HI titer), and seroprotection (i.e. HI titer ≥1:40) were compared across the study groups using multilevel regression analyses, controlling for previous year vaccination from medical records and baseline antibody levels.ResultsA total of 132 participants were enrolled in the study (33 in each of the four study groups). The baseline GMTs were similar for influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B vaccine strains among all four groups (all p-values >0.05). After one month, both vaccinated groups had significantly higher GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection than their unvaccinated controls (all p-values <0.05). The seroconversion rate was over 60% for any strain among the vaccinated groups, with the highest (88.8%) observed against A(H1N1) in the vaccinated pregnant group. Similarly, at least 75% of the vaccinated participants developed seroprotective antibody levels against all three strains; the highest seroprotection was found against A(H3N2) at 92.6% among vaccinated non-pregnant participants. Pregnant women had similar antibody responses (post-vaccination GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection) to non-pregnant women for all three strains of IIV3 (all p>0.05).ConclusionsThe 2018 seasonal IIV3 was immunogenic against all three vaccine strains and pregnancy did not seem to alter the immune response to IIV3. These findings support the current influenza vaccination recommendations for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Control of the infection with Brucella melitensis in cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Hussein A. S.
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Viable Organism

Sera from1722 cattle of different age (3 months to 8 years) wereexamined by the Rose Bengal and tube agglutination test: 134 cow givepositive result and the overal Brucella seroprevalence was (8%) milksamples zeropositive milking cattle were cultured on Brucella selecativemedia.Seropositive cattle (102) were treated for the first time with long actingoxytetracyclin at the dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight administeredintramuscularly (i.m) every 2 days for 30 days and streptomycin at 25mg/kg (i.m) every 2 days for 16 days.The regimen was found to be effective in eliminating the shedding ofBrucella organisms by cattle in milk.Moreover all treated cattle became zeronegative within 16 months aftertreatment…zeronegative cattle (1588)were vaccinated for the first timewith the Br.Melitensis as follows1. 362 young cattle(aged three months to one year)were each inoculatedsubcutaneously with a full dose(1×106)viable organisms in 1 ml, Brucellaantibody titers were detected 2-4 weeks post vaccination then decreasedgradually until the animals became zeronegative 8 months aftervaccination.2. 1226cattle aged more than one year were each inoculatedsubcutaneously with reduced dose (1×103 viable organism in 1ml)antibody titers measured 2-4 weeks post vaccination then decreasedgradually until the animals became zeronegative 3 months postvaccination.No Brucella organisms were seen from repeated udeersecretion samples from all vaccinated milking cattle, and no abortionswere recorded among pregnant vaccinated cattle.

scholarly journals Single Dose Vaccination in Healthcare Workers Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Saadat ◽  
Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani ◽  
James Logue ◽  
Michelle Newman ◽  
Matthew B. Frieman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Correlates Of Protection ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Vaccine Shortages

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine shortages have led some experts and countries to consider untested dosing regimens. We studied antibody responses to a single dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines in healthcare workers (HCW) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection and compared to them to antibody responses of HCW who were IgG negative to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. HCW with prior COVID-19 showed clear secondary antibody responses to vaccination with IgG spike binding titers rapidly increasing by 7 days and peaking by days 10 and 14 post-vaccination. At all time points tested, HCW with prior COVID-19 infection showed statistically significant higher antibody titers of binding and functional antibody compared to HCW without prior COVID-19 infection (p<.0001for each of the time points tested). In times of vaccine shortage, and until correlates of protection are identified, our findings preliminarily suggest the following strategy as more evidence-based: a) a single dose of vaccine for patients already having had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19; and b) patients who have had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 can be placed lower on the vaccination priority list.

scholarly journals A single dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine elicits high antibody responses in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection comparable to that of double dose vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infection naïve individuals

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Gelanew ◽  
Andargachew Mulu ◽  
Markos Abebe ◽  
Timothy A Bates ◽  
Liya Wassie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background A single dose COVID-19 vaccines, mostly mRNA-based vaccines, are shown to induce robust antibody responses in individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the sufficiency of a single dose to those individuals. However, these important data are limited to developed nations and lacking in resource-limited countries, like Ethiopia. Methods We compared receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibodies in 40 SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants and 25 participants previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, who received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. We measured the antibody response in post-vaccination blood samples from both groups of participants collected at four different post-vaccination time points: 8- and 12-weeks after each dose of the vaccine administration using an in-house developed ELISA. Results We observed a high level of anti-RBD IgG antibodies titers 8-weeks after a single dose administration (16/27; 59.3%) among naïve participants, albeit dropped significantly (p<0.05) two months later, suggesting the protective immunity elicited by the first dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine will likely last for a minimum of three months. However, as expected, a significant (p<0.001) increase in the level of anti-RBD IgG antibodies titers was observed after the second dose administration in all naïve participants. By contrast, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine-induced anti-RBD IgG antibody titers produced by the P.I participants at 8- to 12-weeks post-single dose vaccination were found to be similar to the antibody titers seen after a two-dose vaccination course among infection- naïve participants and showed no significant (p>0.05) increment following the second dose administration. Conclusion Taken together, our findings show that a single ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals elicits similar antibody responses to that of double dose vaccinated naïve individuals. Age and sex were not associated with the level of vaccine-elicited immune responses in both individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are required to assess the need for a booster dose to extend the duration and amplitude of the specific protective immune response in Ethiopia settings, especially following the Omicron pandemic.

scholarly journals Design and assessment of TRAP-CSP fusion antigens as effective malaria vaccines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chafen Lu ◽  
Gaojie Song ◽  
Kristin Beale ◽  
Jiabin Yan ◽  
Emma Garst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Repeat Region ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
Malaria Vaccines ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Antibody Titers

AbstractThe circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP) are major targets for pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine development. However, the most advanced CSP-based vaccine RTS,S provides only partial protection, highlighting the need for innovative approaches for vaccine design and development. Here we design and characterize TRAP-CSP fusion antigens, and evaluate their immunogenicity and protection against malaria infection. TRAP N-terminal folded domains were fused to CSP C-terminal fragments consisting of the C-terminal αTSR domain with or without the intervening repeat region. Homogenous, monomeric and properly folded fusion proteins were purified from mammalian transfectants. Notably, fusion improved expression of chimeras relative to the TRAP or CSP components alone. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the P. berghei TRAP-CSP fusion antigens formulated in AddaVax adjuvant elicited antigen-specific antibody responses. Remarkably, fusion antigens containing the CSP repeat region conferred complete sterile protection against P. berghei sporozoite challenge, and furthermore, mice that survived the challenge were completely protected from re-challenge 16 weeks after the first challenge. In contrast, fusion antigens lacking the CSP repeat region were less effective, indicating that the CSP repeat region provided enhanced protection, which correlated with higher antibody titers elicited by fusion antigens containing the CSP repeat region. In addition, we demonstrated that N-linked glycans had no significant effect on antibody elicitation or protection. Our results show that TRAP-CSP fusion antigens could be highly effective vaccine candidates. Our approach provides a platform for designing multi-antigen/multi-stage fusion antigens as next generation more effective malaria vaccines.

scholarly journals Induction of Mucosal Protection against Primary, Heterologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by a DNA Vaccine

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 3309-3317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Heydenburg Fuller ◽  
Premeela A. Rajakumar ◽  
Lawrence A. Wilson ◽  
Anita M. Trichel ◽  
James T. Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Mucosal Protection ◽  
Mucosal Transmission ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT An effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should protect against mucosal transmission of genetically divergent isolates. As a safe alternative to live attenuated vaccines, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine containing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain 17E-Fr (SIV/17E-Fr) gag-pol-env was analyzed in rhesus macaques. Significant levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), but low to undetectable serum antibody responses, were observed following multiple immunizations. SIV-specific mucosal antibodies and CTL were also detected in rectal washes and gut-associated lymphoid tissues, respectively. Vaccinated and naive control monkeys were challenged intrarectally with SIV strain DeltaB670 (SIV/DeltaB670), a primary isolate whose env is 15% dissimilar to that of the vaccine strain. Four of seven vaccinees were protected from infection as determined by the inability to identify viral RNA or DNA sequences in the peripheral blood and the absence of anamnestic antibody responses postchallenge. This is the first report of mucosal protection against a primary pathogenic, heterologous isolate of SIV by using a commercially viable vaccine approach. These results support further development of a DNA vaccine for protection against HIV.

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