scholarly journals Review on the consequences of using Improvac TM in modern pig production

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Katharina Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Boar Taint ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Better Than

In Europe growing concerns regarding animal welfare issues in pig production have forced the pig industry to introduce alternative methods to conventional castration procedures. Besides the raising of entire males and castration in combination with analgesia and anaesthesia the vaccination against GnRF (Gonadotropin-releasing factor) seems to be the most promising long-term solution. Immunised male pigs (IM) show higher average daily weight gain than surgically castrated males (CM). Additionally the feed intake in IM is lower than in CM and feed conversion ratio is consequently better. Carcass weight, back fat depth and dressing percentage of IM pigs are intermediate between CM and entire males while meat quality seems not to be influenced by castration technique since CM and IM show comparable results. Steroid hormone concentrations in IM decline to very low levels (below detection line) after the second administration of the anti-GnRF vaccine and boar taint compounds are reliably metabolized. Pigs which received two injections of the anti-GnRF vaccine reduce their sexual and aggressive behaviour to levels of CM pigs which results in low incidents of injury and carcass damages. Surveys analyzing the consumers’ attitude to vaccination against boar taint reveal that if profound information on the technique is provided, the acceptance of meat from vaccinated animals is even better than the acceptance of meat from pigs castrated under current farm conditions. Furthermore economic analyses reveal that immunisation against GnRF provides a potential for a return on investment since better feed efficiency compensates for the additional costs of drug and labour time.

scholarly journals Effects of glutamine and glutamate on nursery piglets fed diets with different digestible lysine content

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3919-3930
Author(s):  
Maykelly da Silva Gomes ◽  
◽  
Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Ronaldo Lopes Cunha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Better Than

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine and glutamate (Gln/Glu) on the growth performance and immune response of nursery pigs fed different digestible lysine content. Two hundred and sixteen piglets, weaned at 21 days old, were assigned to a randomized block design according to their initial body weight (BW), in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of lysine (control-lys and low-lys) and two levels of Gln/Glu (0 and 12 g kg-1), with nine replicates. At 26 d, piglets consuming the low-lys diet not supplemented with Gln/Glu presented a higher (P < 0.01) incidence of diarrhea than the other treatments. From 21 to 32 d of age, the piglets fed the control-lys diets performed better than those fed low-lys diets (P < 0.01). From 21 to 42 d of age, there was a correlation (P < 0.01) between lysine level and Gln/Glu supplementation for average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion (FC). Gln/Glu supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the ADFI of pigs fed the low-lys diets, resulting in a higher (P < 0.01) average daily weight gain (ADG) and BW; however, worse (P < 0.05) FC. Piglets consuming control-lys diets had higher (P < 0.05) serum urea nitrogen concentration (SUN) and IgG than low-lys piglets. In addition, Gln/Glu supplementation correlated with higher (P < 0.01) SUN. Dietary supplementation of glutamine and glutamate improved the growth performance of weaned piglets from 21 to 42 days of age, regardless of the diets’ lysine levels. In addition, reducing lysine levels 10% below the requirement negatively affects the growth performance and the immune response of nursery piglets.

scholarly journals Response of camels and cow calves to 100% and 50% roughage rations fed consequently

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. El-Badawi ◽  
A. Hassan ◽  
A. Abedo ◽  
M. Yacout ◽  
M. Khalel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background Dromedary camels could be a successful and economic meat provider in poor greenery lands where feeds and water are scarcely available. Moreover, camels need lower amounts of protein in their rations than other ruminants, since they have an exceptional ability to recycle urea as a source of nitrogen when dietary protein is unavailable. The present preliminary study aimed to detect influence of feeding all roughage ration on growth performance of growing camels in comparison with cow calves and their response to the abrupt change into 50% roughage ration fed in the fed-lot condition. Results The results illustrated that with feeding 100% R ration camels could utilize available nutrients better than calves, and although the maintenance level of CP was not met for both species, camels exert higher resistance in losing weight than calves (− 93.7 vs. − 160.7 g/d). Shifting camels and calves on 50% R ration showed nearly similar nutritive values and comparable daily weight gain (942.75 g for camels and 968.50 g for calves). Feed conversion efficiency as Mcal ME and g DCP/kg gain was, respectively, 18.39 and 527 for camels and 18.42 and 555 for calves. Blood serum biochemical constituents were improved with 50% R than 100% R ration particularly for calves. Blood protein of camels was not influenced by changing ration. Urea concentration was higher in camel’s blood than calves with either 100% or 50% R rations. Camels clearly had lower contents of cholesterol and triglycerides than calves under the two feeding regimes. Conclusion The results revealed that growing camels could utilize the 100% R ration of very low protein content more efficiently than cow calves and had similar growth rate as that of calves with the 50% R ration.

Performance evaluation of growing rabbits fed varying levels of rumen content and blood rumen-content mixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
F. A. S Dairo ◽  
O. O. Aina ◽  
A. R. Asafa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

A total of 42 growing rabbits of different crossbreds with initial average weight of 1.20kg were fed rations in wghuch rumen content (RC) and blood-rumen content (BRC) proteins were substituted for groundnut cake protein in a completely randomized design. they were grouped into 7 treatments for 3 replicates, each containing 2 rabbits. They were fed RC and BRC in a practical diet at 10, 20 and 30% dietary inclusion levels for 56 days. The average daily feed intake(ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not significantly influenced (P>0.05) by the treatments. The dry matter and protein digestibility coefficients were significantly (P<0.05) affected. The feed cost per kg diet and feed per kg gain were significantly(P<0.05)influenced. Among the internal organs evaluated, the liver and the kidney weights, small intestine and caecum length were also significantly (P<0.05) influenced. The dressing percentage was also affected significantly (P<0.05). The study showed that RC and BRc could be influenced at 305 dietary inclusion in growing rabbit's ration without deleterious effect. However, further investigation into long-term effect of feeding on the orgns of the animal is suggested 

Penjadwalan Mesin dengan Metode Integer Linear Programming pada PT. XYZ

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Lauson Matondang ◽  
Rosnani Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Integer Programming ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
Total Settlement ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Maximum Completion Time ◽  
Completion Times ◽  
Better Than

PT XYZ sering mengalami keterlambatan waktu karena dalam setiap keterlambatan yang dilakukan selalu ada penalty yang diberikan kepada perusahaan dan hal ini mengakibatkan tambahan biaya , oleh karena itu hal ini harus dihindari dengan membuat penjadwalan yang efisien, dalam hal ini dilakukanlah perbaikan dengan meminimisasi waktu penyelesaian maksimum Cmax pada mesin paralel yang berpola aliran flowshop (dan tidak boleh dilakukan interupsi yang dilakukan pada pekerjaan yang sedang diproses, untuk melakukan pekerjaan lainnya, satu lintasan hanya memproduksi satu produk dan hanya satu produk juga yang dikerjakan secara langsung. Waktu penyelesaian yang berbeda dari setiap mesin dengan pengerjaannya juga adalah masalah yang dihadapi untuk menjadikan mesin mesin ini sesuai menjadi satu penjadwalan yang terintegrasi dengan metode integer programming yang membuat penjadwalan dengan konsep riset operasi dengan metode pendekatan 0-1 utuk menjadi lebih efisien lagi , dihasilkan minimisasi keterlambatan total penyelesaian order dengan 42,28 menit lebih baik dari sebelumnya.   PT XYZ often experiences time delays because in every delay made there is always a penalty given to the company and this results in additional costs, therefore this must be avoided by making efficient scheduling, in this case repairs are carried out by minimizing the maximum completion time of Cmax on parallel machines that are patterned with flowshop flow (and no interruptions should be carried out on the work being processed, to do other work, one track only produces one product and only one product is directly worked. Different completion times of each machine with the workmanship is also the problem faced to make this machine suitable to be one scheduling integrated with integer programming methods that makes scheduling with the operational research concept with the 0-1 approach method to be more efficient, resulting in minimization of the delay in the total settlement of orders with 42.28 minutes was better than before.

scholarly journals Locking down the Impact of New Zealand’s COVID-19 Alert Level Changes on Pets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Fiona Esam ◽  
Rachel Forrest ◽  
Natalie Waran
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on human-pet interactions within New Zealand, particularly during lockdown, was investigated via two national surveys. In Survey 1, pet owners (n = 686) responded during the final week of the five-week Alert Level 4 lockdown (highest level of restrictions—April 2020), and survey 2 involved 498 respondents during July 2020 whilst at Alert Level 1 (lowest level of restrictions). During the lockdown, 54.7% of owners felt that their pets’ wellbeing was better than usual, while only 7.4% felt that it was worse. Most respondents (84.0%) could list at least one benefit of lockdown for their pets, and they noted pets were engaged with more play (61.7%) and exercise (49.7%) than pre-lockdown. Many respondents (40.3%) expressed that they were concerned about their pet’s wellbeing after lockdown, with pets missing company/attention and separation anxiety being major themes. In Survey 2, 27.9% of respondents reported that they continued to engage in increased rates of play with their pets after lockdown, however, the higher levels of pet exercise were not maintained. Just over one-third (35.9%) of owners took steps to prepare their pets to transition out of lockdown. The results indicate that pets may have enjoyed improved welfare during lockdown due to the possibility of increased human-pet interaction. The steps taken by owners to prepare animals for a return to normal life may enhance pet wellbeing long-term if maintained.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as Substitute of Fishmeal in Diets for Layer Chicks and Growers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6074
Author(s):  
Esther Khayanga Sumbule ◽  
Mary Kivali Ambula ◽  
Isaac Maina Osuga ◽  
Janice Ghemoh Changeh ◽  
David Miano Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
The Impact

The acceptance of eco-friendly black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as sustainable alternative protein ingredient in poultry feeds continues to gain momentum worldwide. This study evaluates the impact of BSFLM in layer chick and grower diets on the growth, carcass quality and economic returns. Mean weekly weight gain and total live weight per chick and grower varied significantly. The highest final weight gain was achieved when birds were provided diet with 25.6% BSFLM. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG) and overall weight gain of the chick varied significantly, except for the feed conversion ratio (FCR). For grower birds, ADFI, ADG, FCR and overall weight gain did not vary significantly across the various feeding regimes. The weight of the wings and drumsticks had a quadratic response with a maximum weight obtained at 33% inclusion of BSFLM. The weight of the internal organs were not significantly affected by dietary types. Positive cost–benefit ratio and return on investment was recorded for diet types with higher BSFLM inclusion levels (>75%). Diets with 25% and 100% BSFLM inclusion were the most suitable and cost-effective, respectively. Thus, BSFLM represents a promising alternative source of protein that could be sustainably used in the poultry industries.

scholarly journals A Novel LSTM Model with Interaction Dual Attention for Radar Echo Extrapolation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Chuyao Luo ◽  
Xutao Li ◽  
Yongliang Wen ◽  
Yunming Ye ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Radar Echo ◽  
Hidden States ◽  
Better Than

The task of precipitation nowcasting is significant in the operational weather forecast. The radar echo map extrapolation plays a vital role in this task. Recently, deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (ConvRNN) models have been designed to solve the task. These models, albeit performing much better than conventional optical flow based approaches, suffer from a common problem of underestimating the high echo value parts. The drawback is fatal to precipitation nowcasting, as the parts often lead to heavy rains that may cause natural disasters. In this paper, we propose a novel interaction dual attention long short-term memory (IDA-LSTM) model to address the drawback. In the method, an interaction framework is developed for the ConvRNN unit to fully exploit the short-term context information by constructing a serial of coupled convolutions on the input and hidden states. Moreover, a dual attention mechanism on channels and positions is developed to recall the forgotten information in the long term. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted on CIKM AnalytiCup 2017 data sets, and the results show the effectiveness of the IDA-LSTM in addressing the underestimation drawback. The extrapolation performance of IDA-LSTM is superior to that of the state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Velody 2—Resilient High-Capacity MIDI Steganography for Organ and Harpsichord Music

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Eric Järpe ◽  
Mattias Weckstén
Keyword(s):  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Music Technology ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
File Size ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

A new method for musical steganography for the MIDI format is presented. The MIDI standard is a user-friendly music technology protocol that is frequently deployed by composers of different levels of ambition. There is to the author’s knowledge no fully implemented and rigorously specified, publicly available method for MIDI steganography. The goal of this study, however, is to investigate how a novel MIDI steganography algorithm can be implemented by manipulation of the velocity attribute subject to restrictions of capacity and security. Many of today’s MIDI steganography methods—less rigorously described in the literature—fail to be resilient to steganalysis. Traces (such as artefacts in the MIDI code which would not occur by the mere generation of MIDI music: MIDI file size inflation, radical changes in mean absolute error or peak signal-to-noise ratio of certain kinds of MIDI events or even audible effects in the stego MIDI file) that could catch the eye of a scrutinizing steganalyst are side-effects of many current methods described in the literature. This steganalysis resilience is an imperative property of the steganography method. However, by restricting the carrier MIDI files to classical organ and harpsichord pieces, the problem of velocities following the mood of the music can be avoided. The proposed method, called Velody 2, is found to be on par with or better than the cutting edge alternative methods regarding capacity and inflation while still possessing a better resilience against steganalysis. An audibility test was conducted to check that there are no signs of audible traces in the stego MIDI files.

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