scholarly journals A novel device for non-invasive cerebral perfusion assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Tessari ◽  
Anna Maria Malagoni ◽  
Maria Elena Vannini ◽  
Paolo Zamboni
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Non Invasive

Currently brain perfusion can be assessed by the means of radio-invasive methods, such as single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography, or by hightech methods such as magnetic resonance imaging. These methods are known to be very expensive, with long examination time, and finally, cannot be used for assessing brain oxygen distribution in relation to exercise and/or cognition-tests. The near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique. In real time it is capable of measuring tissue oxygenation using portable instrumentation with a relative low cost. We and other groups previously adopted this instrument for investigation of the oxygen consumption in the muscles at rest and during exercise. NIRS can be now used to assess brain perfusion through the intact skull in human subjects by detecting changes in blood hemoglobin concentrations. Changes in perfusion can be related to both arterial and venous problems. This novel equipment features allow for a wide field of innovative applications where portability, wearability, and a small footprint are essential. The present review shows how to use it in relation to exercise protocols of the upper and lower extremities, measured in healthy people and in conditions of arterial and chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency.

scholarly journals The slope of cerebral oxyhemoglobin oscillation is associated with vascular reserve capacity in large artery steno-occlusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Jung Kim ◽  
Jae-Myoung Kim ◽  
Soo-Hyun Park ◽  
Jong-Kwan Choi ◽  
Hyeon-Min Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Vascular Reserve ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

AbstractInadequate cerebral perfusion is a risk factor for cerebral ischemia in patients with large artery steno-occlusion. We investigated whether prefrontal oxyhemoglobin oscillation (ΔHbO2, 0.6–2 Hz) was associated with decreased vascular reserve in patients with steno-occlusion in the large anterior circulation arteries. Thirty-six patients with steno-occlusion in the anterior circulation arteries (anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and internal carotid artery) were included and compared to thirty-six control subjects. Patients were categorized into two groups (deteriorated vascular reserve vs. preserved vascular reserve) based on the results of Diamox single- photon emission computed tomography imaging. HbO2 data were collected using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The slope of ΔHbO2 and the ipsilateral/contralateral slope ratio of ΔHbO2 were analyzed. Among the included patients (n = 36), 25 (69.4%) had deteriorated vascular reserve. Patients with deteriorated vascular reserve had a significantly higher average slope of ΔHbO2 on the ipsilateral side (5.01 ± 2.14) and a higher ipsilateral/contralateral ratio (1.44 ± 0.62) compared to those with preserved vascular reserve (3.17 ± 1.36, P = 0.014; 0.93 ± 0.33, P = 0.016, respectively) or the controls (3.82 ± 1.69, P = 0.019; 0.94 ± 0.29, P = 0.001). The ipsilateral/contralateral ΔHbO2 ratio could be used as a surrogate for vascular reserve in patients with severe steno-occlusion in the anterior circulation arteries.

scholarly journals Endoglin/CD105-Based Imaging of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4804
Author(s):  
Vincent Q. Sier ◽  
Joost R. van der Vorst ◽  
Paul H. A. Quax ◽  
Margreet R. de Vries ◽  
Elham Zonoobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nirf Imaging ◽  
Efficient Detection

Molecular imaging of pathologic lesions can improve efficient detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A shared pathophysiological feature is angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Endoglin (CD105) is a coreceptor for ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family and is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells. Therefore, endoglin-based imaging has been explored to visualize lesions of the aforementioned diseases. This systematic review highlights the progress in endoglin-based imaging of cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysm, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and ultrasound imaging. PubMed was searched combining the following subjects and their respective synonyms or relevant subterms: “Endoglin”, “Imaging/Image-guided surgery”. In total, 59 papers were found eligible to be included: 58 reporting about preclinical animal or in vitro models and one ex vivo study in human organs. In addition to exact data extraction of imaging modality type, tumor or cardiovascular disease model, and tracer (class), outcomes were described via a narrative synthesis. Collectively, the data identify endoglin as a suitable target for intraoperative and diagnostic imaging of the neovasculature in tumors, whereas for cardiovascular diseases, the evidence remains scarce but promising.

Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECT

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 573-577
Author(s):  
Alessia Gimelli ◽  
Riccardo Liga
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Invasive Evaluation

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) photons as a medical imaging technique detects the radiation emitted by radioisotopes injected into the body to provide in vivo measurements of regional tissue function. From its introduction in the cardiologic clinical field, nuclear imaging has classically represented the reference technique for the non-invasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion, becoming the most frequently performed imaging modality for the functional assessment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Uptake of 99mTc-exametazime shown by single photon emission computed tomography before and after lithium withdrawal in bipolar patients: Associations with mania

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy M. Goodwin ◽  
Jonathan T. O. Cavanagh ◽  
M. F. Glabus ◽  
R. F. Kehoe ◽  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lithium Withdrawal

BackgroundEarly manic relapse following lithium discontinuation offers an important opportunity to investigate the relationship between symptoms, effects of treatment and regional brain activation in bipolar affective disorder.MethodFourteen stable bipolar patients on lithium were examined with neuropsychological measures, clinical ratings and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after acute double-blind withdrawal of lithium. Brain perfusion maps were spatially transformed into standard stereotactic space and compared pixel-by-pixel. A parametric analysis was used to examine the change in brain perfusion on lithium withdrawal, and the relationship between symptom severity and brain perfusion separately both between and within subjects.ResultsLithium withdrawal was associated with an important redistribution of brain perfusion, with increases in inferior posterior regions and decreases in limbic areas, particularly anterior cingulate cortex. Seven of the 14 patients developed manic symptoms during the placebo phase, correlating with relative increases in perfusion of superior anterior cingulate and possibly left orbito-frontal cortex.ConclusionsThe important effect of lithium withdrawal on brain perfusion implies that after withdrawal of lithium, the brain develops an abnormal state of activity in limbic cortex. The structures involved did not co-localise with those apparently modulated by manic symptoms.

scholarly journals NIRF-Molecular Imaging with Synovial Macrophages-Targeting Vsig4 Nanobody for Disease Monitoring in a Mouse Model of Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zheng ◽  
Siyu Luo ◽  
Zhenlin Ouyang ◽  
Jinhong Zhou ◽  
Huanye Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Arthritis ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nirf Imaging

Nanobody against V-set and Ig domain-containing 4 (Vsig4) on tissue macrophages, such as synovial macrophages, could visualize joint inflammation in multiple experimental arthritis models via single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. Here, we further addressed the specificity and assessed the potential for arthritis monitoring using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) Cy7-labeled Vsig4 nanobody (Cy7-Nb119). In vivo NIRF-imaging of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was performed using Cy7-Nb119. Signals obtained with Cy7-Nb119 or isotope control Cy7-NbBCII10 were compared in joints of naive mice versus CIA mice. In addition, pathological microscopy and fluorescence microscopy were used to validate the arthritis development in CIA. Cy7-Nb119 accumulated in inflamed joints of CIA mice, but not the naive mice. Development of symptoms in CIA was reflected in increased joint accumulation of Cy7-Nb119, which correlated with the conventional measurements of disease. Vsig4 is co-expressed with F4/80, indicating targeting of the increasing number of synovial macrophages associated with the severity of inflammation by the Vsig4 nanobody. NIRF imaging with Cy7-Nb119 allows specific assessment of inflammation in experimental arthritis and provides complementary information to clinical scoring for quantitative, non-invasive and economical monitoring of the pathological process. Nanobody labelled with fluorescence can also be used for ex vivo validation experiments using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.

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