scholarly journals Application of omic technologies in cancer research

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wagner ◽  
Graham R. Ball ◽  
A. Graham Pockley ◽  
Amanda K. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Complex Datasets

Understanding the biology of health and diseases such as cancer, generating insight into the triggers and potentiators of disease and the development of therapeutic approaches to counter and treat disease requires detailed interrogation of inherited genes, and the dynamic positioning of the transcriptome and proteome. In the last 10 years, significant technological developments and increases in sample throughput capabilities have led to a dramatic increase in the size and complexity of the datasets that can be generated. A key challenge now is to develop robust approaches for analysing and interpreting these, and converting data into biologically- and clinically-relevant information. Herein, we provide an overview of approaches for acquiring, integrating and interpreting complex datasets generated using multiple omic platforms, with a focus on the field of cancer research, and highlight key successful data handling and integration applications.

Special Issue on "Immunomodulatory and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases"

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious diseases and consequent immune imbalancesare major constraint in human health managementthroughout the world. However, in recentdecades enormous efforts have been made to elucidatethe immunomodulatory approaches againstinfectious diseases. Immunomodulation is a therapeuticapproach in which we try to intervene inauto regulating processes of the defense system toadjust the immune response at a desired level.The present special issue on cutting edge issues inImmunomodulation like Immune stimulation, Immunesuppression, Immune potentiating and immunereinforcement summarizes our current understandingof this complex mosaic. The accompanyingselection of recent articles from across theworld provides further insight into this topic. 

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Function, Biology, and Role in Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1960-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Murphy ◽  
Hossein Ardehali ◽  
Robert S. Balaban ◽  
Fabio DiLisa ◽  
Gerald W. Dorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects ◽  
Exciting Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Cardiovascular disease is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and elsewhere. Alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly being recognized as a contributing factor in myocardial infarction and in patients presenting with cardiomyopathy. Recent understanding of the complex interaction of the mitochondria in regulating metabolism and cell death can provide novel insight and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this statement is to better define the potential role of mitochondria in the genesis of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia and heart failure. To accomplish this, we will define the key mitochondrial processes that play a role in cardiovascular disease that are potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. This is an exciting time in mitochondrial research. The past decade has provided novel insight into the role of mitochondria function and their importance in complex diseases. This statement will define the key roles that mitochondria play in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide insight into how mitochondrial defects can contribute to cardiovascular disease; it will also discuss potential biomarkers of mitochondrial disease and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus: An ominous combination

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Banovic ◽  
Lavanya Athithan ◽  
Gerry P McCann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus are both progressive diseases which, if left untreated, result in significant morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that the prevalence of diabetes is substantially increased in patients with aortic stenosis and those with diabetes have increased rates of progression from mild to severe aortic stenosis. There are good data supporting the hypothesis that aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus are associated with diabetes mellitus being detrimental towards the quality of life and survival of patients. Thus, a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of both of these disease processes and the relationship between them aids in designing appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches. This review aims to give a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into the influence of diabetes mellitus on patients with degenerative aortic stenosis, as well as the prognosis and therapeutic approach to these patients.

scholarly journals What do general neurologists need to know about neuropathic pain?

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3a) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Schestatsky ◽  
Osvaldo José M. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Post Herpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Nociceptive Pathway

Neuropathic pain (NP) is defined as pain caused by lesion or dysfunction of the somatosensory system, as a result of abnormal activation of the nociceptive pathway (small fibers and spinothalamic tracts). The most common causes of this syndrome are the following: diabetes, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, HIV infection, cancer. In the last few years, the NP has been receiving special attention for two main reasons: (1) therapeutical refractoriness of a variety of pain syndromes with predominant neuropathic characteristics and (2) the development of diagnostic tools for neuropathic pain complaints. The present review article provides relevant information on the understanding and recognition of NP, as well as evidence-based therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals The Value of Abstraction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K Ho ◽  
David Abel ◽  
Tom Griffiths ◽  
Michael L. Littman
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Abstract Representations ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
Crucial Ingredient ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Agents that can make better use of computation, experience, time, and memory can solve a greater range of problems more effectively. A crucial ingredient for managing such finite resources is intelligently chosen abstract representations. But, how do abstractions facilitate problem solving under limited resources? What makes an abstraction useful? To answer such questions, we review several trends in recent reinforcement-learning research that provide insight into how abstractions interact with learning and decision making. During learning, abstraction can guide exploration and generalization as well as facilitate efficient tradeoffs---e.g., time spent learning versus the quality of a solution. During computation, good abstractions provide simplified models for computation while also preserving relevant information about decision-theoretic quantities. These features of abstraction are not only key for scaling up artificial problem solving, but can also shed light on what pressures shape the use of abstract representations in humans and other organisms.

State-of-the-Art Information Retrieval Tools for Biological Resources

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Shashi Bhushan Lal ◽  
Anu Sharma ◽  
Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi ◽  
Mohammad Samir Farooqi ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Biological Databases ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Insight Into

With the advancements in sequencing technologies, there is an exponential growth in the availability of the biological databases. Biological databases consist of information and knowledge collected from scientific experiments, published literature and statistical analysis of text, numerical, image and video data. These databases are widely spread across the globe and are being maintained by many organizations. A number of tools have been developed to retrieve the information from these databases. Most of these tools are available on web but are scattered. So, finding a relevant information is a very difficult, and tedious task for the researchers. Moreover, many of these databases use disparate storage formats but are linked to each other. So, an important issue concerning present biological resources is their availability and integration at single platform. This chapter provides an insight into existing biological resources with an aim to provide consolidated information at one place for ease of use and access by researchers, academicians and students.

The Influence of Social Networks on Communication Satisfaction within the Organizations

2012 ◽  
pp. 545-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Lalic ◽  
Ugljesa Marjanovic ◽  
Bojan Lalic
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Communication Satisfaction ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Framework

Today, technological achievements that significantly influence communication management are Social Networks in virtual environment. The latest research clearly indicates that this trend is going to last in the future. It is considered as a fact that there are many changes and innovations in the field of information and communication technologies during the past few decades. Development of communication technologies has provided a new framework for organizing corporate communication processes, both internally and externally. Channels for the transfer of relevant information had been faced with huge technological improvement, but fact analysis and former research do not provide insight into specific motivation patterns for usage of Social Networks among employees, nor into their influence on Communication Satisfaction within the organizations.

Molecular targeted therapy: novel therapeutic approach for head and neck cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swatantra Shrivastava ◽  
Ravleen Nagi ◽  
Saurabh Sharma ◽  
Sajid Ahmed Rasul Sanadi ◽  
Elbadri Taha Dafallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Tumor Specificity ◽  
Insight Into

Cancer is a major public health burden worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. One of the major hallmarks of cancer is rapid growth and progression by evasion of host immune responses. Tumor resistance to conventional anticancer drugs by several mechanisms, such as drug inactivation, efflux pumps and enhanced toxicity to normal cells decreases their clinical efficacy. These limitations resulted in the development of new targeted agents, such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that have high tumor specificity. This paper discusses the therapeutic applications of novel molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy as an alternative treatment option for head and neck cancers, as well as provides insight into future therapeutic approaches for advanced head and neck cancers.

scholarly journals Humane treatment versus means of control: coercive measures in Norwegian high-security psychiatry, 1895–1978

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
Magne Brekke Rabben ◽  
Øyvind Thomassen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Coercive Measures ◽  
High Security ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Insight Into

This article analyses the use of coercive measures in two national institutions for high-security psychiatry in Norway – Kriminalasylet (Criminal Asylum) and Reitgjerdet – during the period 1895–1978. Historical study of coercion in psychiatry is a fruitful approach to new insight into the moral and ethical considerations within the institutions. We approach the topic through a qualitative study of patient case files and ward reports from the institutions’ archives, as well as a comprehensive quantification of the coercive measures used. The data show shifting considerations of humane treatment and changes in the respect for human dignity in the institutions’ practices. They also show that technological developments, such as the introduction of new psychopharmaceuticals, did not necessarily lead to higher standards of treatment.

scholarly journals Perioperative Organ Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Bartels ◽  
Jörn Karhausen ◽  
Eric T. Clambey ◽  
Almut Grenz ◽  
Holger K. Eltzschig
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Despite the fact that a surgical procedure may have been performed for the appropriate indication and in a technically perfect manner, patients are threatened by perioperative organ injury. For example, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, or acute gut injury are among the most common causes for morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. In the current review, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of perioperative organ injury, and provide select examples for novel treatment concepts that have emerged over the past decade. Indeed, the authors are of the opinion that research to provide mechanistic insight into acute organ injury and identification of novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention or treatment of perioperative organ injury represent the most important opportunity to improve outcomes of anesthesia and surgery.

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