scholarly journals CARBON ATOMIC WIRES: FROM STARS TO NANOTECHNOLOGY

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo S. Casari
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Wire Length ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Atomic Wires ◽  
Molecular Group ◽  
The Status ◽  
Novel Devices

Carbon can produce a wide variety of systems and nanostructures with different dimensionality as exemplified by fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene, all with peculiar properties of great interest for fundamental and applied research. In this framework sp-hybridized carbon atoms can arrange to form atomic wires with size dependent functional properties. The sp form of carbon has a long story passing through astrophysics and minerals found in meteor craters and, although still considered elusive and unstable, nowadays a number of nano-systems constituted by or containing sp-carbon wires have been produced and characterized. As graphene is considered the thinnest material (one-atom thick), carbon atomic wires represent true 1-dimensional systems (one- atom diameter) with a great potential for nanoscience and nanotechnology. The status of research on carbon atomic wires is here discussed, starting from the description of ideal systems to real structures, showing that the properties can be tuned by controlling the wire length (i.e. number of carbon atoms) and termination (atom, molecular group or nanostructure). Synthesis techniques are presented as well as strategies to have stable wires. A particular attention will be given to the use of vibrational spectroscopy to provide insight on the structure and electronic properties of these systems. Perspectives for novel devices based on the exploitation of the electronic properties of these systems are also discussed.

scholarly journals Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 480-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Milani ◽  
Matteo Tommasini ◽  
Valeria Russo ◽  
Andrea Li Bassi ◽  
Andrea Lucotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wire Length ◽  
Molecular Group ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman

Graphene, nanotubes and other carbon nanostructures have shown potential as candidates for advanced technological applications due to the different coordination of carbon atoms and to the possibility of π-conjugation. In this context, atomic-scale wires comprised of sp-hybridized carbon atoms represent ideal 1D systems to potentially downscale devices to the atomic level. Carbon-atom wires (CAWs) can be arranged in two possible structures: a sequence of double bonds (cumulenes), resulting in a 1D metal, or an alternating sequence of single–triple bonds (polyynes), expected to show semiconducting properties. The electronic and optical properties of CAWs can be finely tuned by controlling the wire length (i.e., the number of carbon atoms) and the type of termination (e.g., atom, molecular group or nanostructure). Although linear, sp-hybridized carbon systems are still considered elusive and unstable materials, a number of nanostructures consisting of sp-carbon wires have been produced and characterized to date. In this short review, we present the main CAW synthesis techniques and stabilization strategies and we discuss the current status of the understanding of their structural, electronic and vibrational properties with particular attention to how these properties are related to one another. We focus on the use of vibrational spectroscopy to provide information on the structural and electronic properties of the system (e.g., determination of wire length). Moreover, by employing Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering in combination with the support of first principles calculations, we show that a detailed understanding of the charge transfer between CAWs and metal nanoparticles may open the possibility to tune the electronic structure from alternating to equalized bonds.

Intervention Research in Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: An Analysis of Studies from 1980–1993

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Dunlap ◽  
Karen E. Childs
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Status

The purpose of the current study was to examine the status of experimental research on interventions designed to modify behaviors of children and youth with emotional and/or behavioral disorders (EBD). Twelve journals published between 1980 and 1993 were surveyed to explore possible trends in five descriptive dimensions of the research, including subject characteristics, settings, research design, dependent variables, and independent variables (interventions). In addition, the database was examined to determine whether interventions were based on individualized processes of assessment. The results showed negligible trends, and very few studies reported interventions that were individualized on the basis of assessment data. The discussion addresses the general status of intervention research and the need for applied research.

scholarly journals Recent Advances on Nanocomposite Resists With Design Functionality for Lithographic Microfabrication

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Martínez ◽  
A. Prado ◽  
M. Gonzalez ◽  
S. Anguiano ◽  
L. Tosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Materials ◽  
Host Matrix ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Functional Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Novel Devices ◽  
Near Future

Nanocomposites formed by a phase-dispersed nanomaterial and a polymeric host matrix are highly attractive for nano- and micro-fabrication. The combination of nanoscale and bulk materials aims at achieving an effective interplay between extensive and intensive physical properties. Nanofillers display size-dependent effects, paving the way for the design of tunable functional composites. The matrix, on the other hand, can facilitate or even enhance the applicability of nanomaterials by allowing their easy processing for device manufacturing. In this article, we review the field of polymer-based nanocomposites acting as resist materials, i.e. being patternable through radiation-based lithographic methods. A comprehensive explanation of the synthesis of nanofillers, their functionalization and the physicochemical concepts behind the formulation of nanocomposites resists will be given. We will consider nanocomposites containing different types of fillers, such as metallic, magnetic, ceramic, luminescent and carbon-based nanomaterials. We will outline the role of nanofillers in modifying various properties of the polymer matrix, such as the mechanical strength, the refractive index and their performance during lithography. Also, we will discuss the lithographic techniques employed for transferring 2D patterns and 3D shapes with high spatial resolution. The capabilities of nanocomposites to act as structural and functional materials in novel devices and selected applications in photonics, electronics, magnetism and bioscience will be presented. Finally, we will conclude with a discussion of the current trends in this field and perspectives for its development in the near future.

Electronic properties of size-dependent MoTe 2 /WTe 2 heterostructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 107101
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Ya-Qiang Ma ◽  
Ya-Wei Dai ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Size Dependent

Electronic Properties of Organic-Based Interfaces

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeor Kronik ◽  
Norbert Koch
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
And Control

AbstractOrganic-based interfaces can possess a range of surprising electronic properties that are of intense interest from both the basic science and the applied research points of view. In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we provide state-of-the-art overviews of selected topics involving three complementary aspects of the electronic properties of organic-based interfaces: the nascent electronics technologies that would gain from improved understanding and control of such interfaces; the novel properties that organic-based interfaces may possess; and the experimental and theoretical challenges afforded by such studies.

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