scholarly journals Types of terrorism: From the Red Brigades to Al Qaeda, from the Palestinian Brigade to ISIS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Gravante
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
The Public ◽  
Red Brigades ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Concept Of Information

It is necessary to link the phenomenon of terrorism to the concept of information and communication. Information that comes from the propaganda that every terrorist organization makes of itself and from the communication produced by the media to inform the public opinion about the facts. In the 70's, in Italy, the Red Brigades used flyers as real ideological treatises, intended for the media. Thirty years later, the jihadist organization of Al Qaeda inaugurated the season of the new global terrorism; on 11th of September 2001, a new type of propaganda was born, which exploited the television channels and the web, reaching all the rest of society. Nowadays, we are faced with ISIS, which has managed to set up a very articulated and complex recruitment work based on online propaganda, through the diffusion of photos, audio and video messages on the Internet, succeeding in making proselytes even among Europeans. The aim of this in-depth study is to demonstrate how all terrorist movements are organised and lucidly determined to plan their actions and messages. The historical context that gave birth to the organizations, the internal structure, the ideology, the modus operandi and the media dimension; the role of women and children, the enrolment, the new scenarios and the extra-European measures of prevention in the fight against terrorism have been deepened.

scholarly journals The Invisible Institution? Reconstructing the History of BAFTA and the 1958 Merger of the British Film Academy with the Guild of Television Producers and Directors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-472
Author(s):  
Emma Pett ◽  
Helen Warner
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
British Society ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Post War ◽  
Training Schemes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Television Producers

As a cultural institution of national and global significance, the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) is notably absent from existing scholarship on the media industries. More importantly, BAFTA's role as an independent arts charity set up by the industry to support and develop new talent is often overlooked. Instead, references to BAFTA made by media and film scholars most frequently take the form of footnotes or digressions that detail particular awards or nominations. Drawing on a range of archival sources, including BAFTA's own records, we address this significant omission within existing scholarship on the British cultural and creative industries. In particular, we examine the period 1947–68, focusing on the 1958 merger of the British Film Academy with the Guild of Television Producers and Directors to form a new institution, known as the Society of Film and Television Arts (SFTA, later renamed BAFTA). This was achieved despite the well-documented tensions existing between the two industries throughout the period, which we identify and analyse within this historical context. We argue that a crucial factor driving the 1958 merger was the desire to develop quality training schemes across both industries. This, in turn, was partly enabled by an egalitarian turn in post-war British society towards the development of greater social equality and mobility. In reconstructing these events, we therefore interrogate and reassess the role played by this key national institution on the development of the creative and cultural industries, offering an expansion and revision of scholarship on media histories of post-war Britain.

scholarly journals Reducing Violence against Health Professionals

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Indranil Chakravorty
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Manchester City

There is a rising trend of violence against healthcare professionals across the world, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries report between 43-75% of professionals experiencing at least one incident in any annual survey. The most recent incident of doctors and healthcare staff in a Manchester City General Practice raised alarms. As the healthcare infrastructure and services are severely stretched following the disruption of 2020, there are more reasons for disquiet and frustration from the public. The media and political portrayal of primary care physicians as not caring enough to provide face-to-face appointments in the UK is believed to increase the public angst. There are protests from professional organisations but this is not heard by the public. In any violence prevention strategy, a multi-system approach is critical. While tackling misinformation is essential, so is the tackling the root causes, the waiting lists and a balanced information to the public. Political and organisational leaders need to be visible and vocal in explaining why the healthcare infrastructure is beyond breaking point. This will justify the additional resources needed and reduce the frustrations of the public, in need of care. There is also a vital need to help new doctors and nurses as well as all frontline staff in violence dissipation techniques, self-preservation. The Voluntary community organisations including those that support professional groups have a vital role to play. The NHS People Plan has recommended that VSCEs should join robust and reliable partnerships with Integrated Care Organisations in developing strategies and interventions. There is more work to be done. This article is a call for action and invites all VSCEs interested in the reduction of violence against staff to join with employing organisations to set up collaborative working groups with specific actions to implement. This is essential to reduce harm and reduce the demoralisation of an already burnt-out healthcare workforce.

scholarly journals Does the COVID-19 Vaccine Still Work That “Most of the Confirmed Cases Had Been Vaccinated”? A Content Analysis of Vaccine Effectiveness Discussion on Sina Weibo during the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Nanjing

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Hao Gao ◽  
Qingting Zhao ◽  
Chuanlin Ning ◽  
Difan Guo ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Sina Weibo ◽  
The Public ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up

In July 2021, breakthrough cases were reported in the outbreak of COVID-19 in Nanjing, sparking concern and discussion about the vaccine’s effectiveness and becoming a trending topic on Sina Weibo. In order to explore public attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine and their emotional orientations, we collected 1542 posts under the trending topic through data mining. We set up four categories of attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, and used a big data analysis tool to code and manually checked the coding results to complete the content analysis. The results showed that 45.14% of the Weibo posts (n = 1542) supported the COVID-19 vaccine, 12.97% were neutral, and 7.26% were doubtful, which indicated that the public did not question the vaccine’s effectiveness due to the breakthrough cases in Nanjing. There were 66.47% posts that reflected significant negative emotions. Among these, 50.44% of posts with negative emotions were directed towards the media, 25.07% towards the posting users, and 11.51% towards the public, which indicated that the negative emotions were not directed towards the COVID-19 vaccine. External sources outside the vaccine might cause vaccine hesitancy. Public opinions expressed in online media reflect the public’s cognition and attitude towards vaccines and their core needs in terms of information. Therefore, online public opinion monitoring could be an essential way to understand the opinions and attitudes towards public health issues.

scholarly journals Information and Communication – The Limits of Media Discourse. Case Study – Romanian School in the News

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenia Negrea ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Media Discourse ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective

In this study we propose an analysis of the media discourse on education. This paper is based on questions such as: in what manner is the media an echo for the public policy authors, for the dominant ideology, and what are the stories featuring the school topic. Using the content analysis, we aimed to find the narrative frames, and a map of the most cited journalistic sources. We found that the media is a very important source for public agenda. In fact, the media is one of the most powerful public and social policy agents. Our analysis covers the journalistic discourse in Romania for a period of one year, from the moment of declaring the state of emergency. One of the hypotheses was that the type of journalistic discourse under analysis is specific to crisis communication. Regarding the corpus of texts, we selected a publication where there are published only features on education, edupedu.ro, a quality publication with stories from different fields, including education, libertatea.ro, and a soft publication, kanald.ro. The texts were analysed from a multidisciplinary perspective, in order to define and describe a narrative pattern. One of our main findings is this fear of contaminating the quality press with false information. And, as a consequence, we have found a journalistic conformism and a lake of creativity and new approaches, respectively assuming a role of facilitating the information, of carrier, rather than of a watchdog.

scholarly journals Digital Media and the Public Information Environment: A Retrospective Assessment

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles Ruggles
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media

Abstract: Ten years after the emergence of the World Wide Web, the implications of new digital technologies for the news and public information function of the media are still a topic of vigorous debate. This paper, which is merely a preliminary report on an unfinished review of the literature pre-dating that event, revisits some of the critical analyses that had been articulated about the new digital media when the Web emerged. The intent of this larger, not-yet-completed project is to evaluate some major tendencies, already mapped a decade ago by research in the political economy of telecommunication, against the actual outcomes of the intervening decade of development and use of the new digital technologies of information and communication. Where the early predictions are confirmed, this re-evaluation may provide a simple means to distinguish persistent structural distortions in the public information environment from transitory or local effects, superficial influences, and alarmist predictions. Where the early results are refuted or less clearly confirmed, it may provide insight into the limits of political-economic methods of analysis.

Viral News Content, Instantaneity, and Newsworthiness Criteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 763-780
Author(s):  
Lila Luchessi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Information Selection ◽  
Traditional Logic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
The Web

Social networks have modified the activities of the press, the actions of audiences, and the perceptions of societies. The strategies displayed to avoid losing consumers aim at fulfilling the audience's needs and the gap between the producers' and the consumers' interests tends to widen. This leads to a crisis point in news financing, affecting the traditional logic of the media industry; while advertisers are now able to reach their audiences without its mediation, viralization and instantaneity force the media to publish information incompatible with the public interest as considered by the press. In this way, traditional newsworthiness criteria are replaced by other criteria that redefine the concept of information. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the way in which instantaneity and viralization have affected not only the journalistic activity but also the information selection criteria and the audiences' input on the web.

Viral News Content, Instantaneity, and Newsworthiness Criteria

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Lila Luchessi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Information Selection ◽  
Traditional Logic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
The Web

Social networks have modified the activities of the press, the actions of audiences, and the perceptions of societies. The strategies displayed to avoid losing consumers aim at fulfilling the audience's needs and the gap between the producers' and the consumers' interests tends to widen. This leads to a crisis point in news financing, affecting the traditional logic of the media industry; while advertisers are now able to reach their audiences without its mediation, viralization and instantaneity force the media to publish information incompatible with the public interest as considered by the press. In this way, traditional newsworthiness criteria are replaced by other criteria that redefine the concept of information. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the way in which instantaneity and viralization have affected not only the journalistic activity but also the information selection criteria and the audiences' input on the web.

Introspection into the Battle over Broadcast Regulations in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regulatory Controls

Across the world, media entities are subjected to regulations following the universal perception that media content and media operations radically influence political debate, social policies and economic growth. This is accompanied by the tension of how to regulate the media and how to secure a free independent media on the other. Though regulation of the media content can take on several forms ranging from direct control of the government, guidelines from the industry associations, pressure from advertisers or suggestions by the civil society groups, it is normally aimed at protecting the public from perceived harm, or with enriching their knowledge or appreciation of culture. In India, the state has zealously guarded its control over broadcast news media, however, the emergence of new stakeholders in the postliberalization era has resulted in a complex mesh of regulatory controls. This paper traces the historical context of the broadcast regulatory framework in India and explores the various sites of contestations between the various stakeholders, particularly the state and the broadcasters, with specific reference to news on television.

Biogeocaching – a scavenger hunt for the treasures of biology around Lake Lunz

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Hödl ◽  
Katrin Attermeyer ◽  
Laura Coulson ◽  
Astrid Harjung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Freshwater Biology ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Research Facilities

<p>Climate change and decreasing biodiversity are currently hot topics in the media. Freshwaters in the alpine region are good indicators of climate change and, hence, perfect examples for illustrating these threats. Here, we want to share our idea for a Geocaching path (similar to the popular treasure hunt game) that is used to educate the public about the biology of freshwaters. We want to educate the visitors about the natural environment and the consequences of climate change and decreasing biodiversity for our aquatic ecosystems and livelihoods. In particular, we want to show the approaches of scientists to understand and predict these threats and, furthermore, how our society can find solutions to protect aquatic ecosystems.</p><p>Lake Lunz is a very popular place for tourists. Visitors enjoy walks around the lake as well as swimming. Close by is also one of the oldest lake research stations (WasserCluster Lunz – Biologische Station), where scientists from all over the world are currently conducting on aquatic ecosystems. The project received funding from the EGU Public Engagement Grant in 2019. The GPS coordinates for the Geocache (a small treasure box) will be hidden in the answers to several questions about freshwater biology that will lead the participants around the lake, a search we termed “Biogeocaching”. The answers can be found on different informational signs that will be set up around the lake and at the experimental sites and research facilities of WasserCluster Lunz. After finishing the path, the participants will have learned about ecology of alpine lakes and the research activities at WasserCluster Lunz.</p><p>We think that geocaching as a treasure hunt is a playful way for people of all ages to discover nature. The combination of an outdoor recreational activity with information about freshwaters, climate change, and decreasing biodiversity –Biogeocaching - will sensitize the public to and raise awareness of these hot topics in the field of Earth Sciences. We hope to encourage other researchers and research institutes to develop something similar on their topic and research.</p>

E-Government and E-Democracy in the Making

2011 ◽  
pp. 1318-1322
Author(s):  
Birgit Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
General Outline ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Administrative Tasks

The development of electronic or digital government (egovernment) has varied throughout the world. Although we give it the same name, we know from different studies that, for example, the concept of Information Society can be interpreted in different ways in different cultural settings (Jaeger, Slack, & Williams, 2000; Sancho, 2002). This article provides a general outline of the development of e-government in the West and is primarily based on European and Scandinavian experiences. It is only possible to give an introduction to e-government if we can define what we are talking about. E-government is still a rather new concept, but most people agree that egovernment includes the following features: • E-government is based on information and communication technologies (ICTs). • E-government is taking place in public administration. • E-government concerns electronic ways to perform all kinds of internal administrative tasks. • E-government also concerns the communication between the public administration and the citizens and other actors in the surrounding society (Jaeger, 2003: 50).

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