scholarly journals The new Popper's epistemology of the criminal trial. Strong scientific evidence and reduction of clues to procedural conjectures. Legal medicine (in memory of Ferdinando Imposimato)

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Gennaro Francione
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Legal Medicine ◽  
International Congress ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
University Professor ◽  
A Cell

Report presented to the International Congress “Present and future of criminology in the criminal system”, Rome, April 2018, with a dedication to Professor Ferdinando Imposimato, judge, senator, lawyer and university Professor. The first Renaissance was represented by the Enlightenment movement, which, virtually crushing the inhuman justice of the inquisitors, sowed the seeds for a revolution of themes still waiting to be realized with our second Renaissance. Emblematic is the fact that even today, a process based on circumstantial evidence takes place with the risk to condemn an innocent, subverting Voltaire's quote: "It is better to risk saving a guilty person than to condemn an innocent one". And, as for the prison, the current hindering lagers - euphemistically defined hotels (8 people in a cell)- betray the code of Beccaria: "The purpose of the punishment is not to torment and afflict a sentient being. The aim is nothing more than to prevent the offender from doing further harm to his compatriots and to keep other people from doing the same. And then: "The safest but most difficult means of preventing crimes is to improve education".

A Tribute to the Late William J. Curran

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
O. Lawrence ◽  
J.D. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Legal Medicine ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
International Institute ◽  
University Professor

In the summer of 1979, a group of experts on law, medicine, and ethics assembled in Siracusa, Sicily, under the auspices of the International Commission of Jurists and the International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Science, to draft guidelines on the rights of persons with mental illness. Sitting across the table from me was a quiet, proud man of distinctive intelligence, William J. Curran, Frances Glessner Lee Professor of Legal Medicine at Harvard University. Professor Curran was one of the principal drafters of those guidelines. Many years later in 1991, after several subsequent re-drafts by United Nations (U.N.) Rapporteur Erica-Irene Daes, the text was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly as the Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care. This was the kind of remarkable achievement in the field of law and medicine that Professor Curran repeated throughout his distinguished career.

scholarly journals The Essential Need for a Validated Potency Assay for Cell-Based Therapies in Cardiac Regenerative and Reparative Medicine. A Practical Approach to Test Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Gómez-Cid ◽  
Lilian Grigorian-Shamagian ◽  
Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz ◽  
Ana S. de la Nava ◽  
Ana I. Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Test Development ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
First Century ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Potency Assay ◽  
Target Disease ◽  
A Cell

AbstractBiological treatments are one of the medical breakthroughs in the twenty-first century. The initial enthusiasm pushed the field towards indiscriminatory use of cell therapy regardless of the pathophysiological particularities of underlying conditions. In the reparative and regenerative cardiovascular field, the results of the over two decades of research in cell-based therapies, although promising still could not be translated into clinical scenario. Now, when we identified possible deficiencies and try to rebuild its foundations rigorously on scientific evidence, development of potency assays for the potential therapeutic product is one of the steps which will bring our goal of clinical translation closer. Although, highly challenging, the potency tests for cell products are considered as a priority by the regulatory agencies. In this paper we describe the main characteristics and challenges for a cell therapy potency test focusing on the cardiovascular field. Moreover, we discuss different steps and types of assays that should be taken into consideration for an eventual potency test development by tying together two fundamental concepts: target disease and expected mechanism of action. Graphical Abstract Development of potency assays for cell-based products consists in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease, identifying potential mechanisms of action (MoA) to counteract it and finding the most suitable cell-based product that exhibits these MoA. When applied, the potency assay needs to correlate bioactivity of the product, via a measurement related to the MoA, with treatment efficacy. However, in the cardiovascular field, the process faces several challenges and high requirements.

A system of circumstantial evidence for fact-finding in criminal trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-261
Author(s):  
Yong-Sok Ri ◽  
Yong-Min Kwon ◽  
Wi-Song Pang
Keyword(s):  
Logical Structure ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Fact Finding

Abstract One of the most intractable, but significant problems in the theory of legal evidence concerns circumstantial evidence. The diversity and complexity of criminal cases cause some bottlenecks and difficulties in developing reasonable methods to prove the criminal issue by means of circumstantial evidence. The main purpose of this paper is to present more effective methods of fact-finding just by means of a system of circumstantial evidence (SCE). On the basis of analysis of the nature of circumstantial evidence, we find it necessary for the prosecution to construct a SCE in order to make a judge or jury accept the prosecution’s conclusion as the best explanation. We also present a reasonable logical structure of such a system and address some legal and logical problems in introducing it.

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