scholarly journals Apoptosis and genes involved in oral cancer - a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Dwivedi ◽  
Rahul Pandey ◽  
Shaleen Chandra ◽  
Divya Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Key Words Apoptosis ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Oral cancers needs relentless research due to high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Despite of the comparable ease in accessibility to these sites, more than 2/3rd cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Molecular/genetic studies augment clinical assessment, classification and prediction of malignant potential of oral lesions, thereby reducing its incidence and increasing the scope for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers. Herein we aim to review the role of apoptosis and genes associated with it in oral cancer development in order to aid in early diagnosis, prediction of malignant potential and evaluation of possible treatment targets in oral cancer. An internet-based search was done with key words apoptosis, genes, mutations, targets and analysis to extract 72 articles after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The knowledge of genetics and genomics of oral cancer is of utmost need in order to stop the rising prevalence of oral cancer. Translational approach and interventions at the early stage of oral cancer, targeted destruction of cancerous cells by silencing or promoting involved genes should be the ideal intervention.

scholarly journals Factors Responsible for the Diagnostic Delay in Oral Cancer Patients: A Hospital Based Sociodemographic Study in Kolkata

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Pramitasri Bhattacharyya ◽  
Dwaipayan Mukherjee ◽  
Snehasis Barman ◽  
Tushar Kanti Dey ◽  
Jaydip Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

Introduction Oral cancer is a challenging health problem globally. Delay in diagnosis is an important factor in determining the outcome of the disease. It is a major determinant of mortality and morbidity of oral cancer patients. Present observational study was conducted with the objective of finding the factors responsible for delay in diagnosis of oral cancer in patients. Materials and Methods Hospital based observational study where patient register was used as data source from 15th Nov, 2013-15th Jan, 2014. Results Among the causes for delay in reporting to hospital, financial constraint (84%) and illiteracy (56.5%) have been found to contribute the most. The risk of primary delay is 3.53 times more among illiterate in comparison with literate. Age, gender, stage of cancer, religion, caste, tobacco use and delayed referral from the first physician were the other factors found to be significant in relation to primary delay. Discussion Early diagnosis is a major factor for favorable outcome of a disease and several factors hinder early diagnosis. Some of these factors can be easily modified through Information, Education and Communication (IEC). Conclusion Some important factors that lead to delay are identified and some of them are preventable. So, IEC regarding cancer among general population will not only provide knowledge to them, but also will break myths regarding cancer and reduce the burden of disease. These identified predictors of delay may be used for designing an educational intervention program for patients with oral cancers.

scholarly journals Oral Carcinoma of Squamous Cells with Early Diagnosis: Case Report and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Yadira V. Boza Oreamuno DDS, MSc
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Oral Cancer Screening ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Frequent Localization

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin in the oral cavity, usually affecting men over 40 years of age. The most frequent localization sites are the tongue and the floor of the mouth. The etiology is multifactorial being tobacco and alcohol the most important risk factors. The clinical presentation is variable and although it is preceded by visible changes in the oral mucosa, the diagnosis is usually made late. An early diagnosis is critically important to improve survival and treatment outcomes. Oral cancer screening is effective in reducing the mortality and morbidity of oral cancer. The purpose of this study was to present a case of OSCC and to highlight the importance of an early diagnosis using oral cancer screening, and the review of the relevant literature as for this pathology.

scholarly journals Genetics – Need to Evaluate its Role in Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Urvashi Singla ◽  
Snehlata Kulhari
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Genetics ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Oral Abnormalities

ABSTRACT The concept of cancer genetics is relatively new and considered more in prostate and breast cancer. Its role in OSCC has never been given much attention, which is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. It is a tumour which can be treated by simple surgical procedure, if diagnosed at an early stage. Oral cavity and oropharynx are easily accessible for visualization. But high prevalence of oral abnormalities (5-15%) detected as a result of oral screening programmes (OSP) subjects large number of patients for biopsy which is impractical. Detection of early stage oral cancer is significantly impaired by absence of classic clinical characteristics of advanced oral cancer in early stage lesions. This influences 5 year survival rate for 80% of patients, despite major advances in surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Many gene alterations have been implicated in development and progression of OSCC. Genetic differences is an important consideration to determine individual differences in susceptibility to chemical carcinogens. Many genetic changes are commonly observed in oral cancers. Salivary Transcriptome Diagnostics, based on specific mRNA signature in saliva as diagnostic marker, can be a suitable tool for development of non invasive diagnostic, chemoprevention, prognostic and follow up tests for cancer and also to detect cancer conversion of premalignant lesions. To summarize research on genetics will open new directions for estimation of risk of human cancer and its early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Oral Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Xiao ◽  
Zhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Optimized Treatment ◽  
Developed World

Oral cancer is a frequent head and neck cancer in developing countries and some developed world. According to the World Health Organization classification 2017, oral cancer influences the anatomical subsites including buccal mucosa, the anterior two-third of the tongue, lip, palate, vestibule, alveolus, floor of the mouth, and gingivae. A variety of premalignant lesions are related with the development of oral cancer, such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, et al. The predominant histological type of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tobacco and alcohol consumption are regarded as critical etiological factors. Due to the unspecific symptoms in early stage, the majority are diagnosed in advanced stages. Despite the development of medicine over decades, the mortality rate of oral cancer remains high, indicating the importance of optimized treatment and screening strategies.

scholarly journals Considerations for the Care of Women with Gynecological Cancers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Vinitha Reddy Palwai ◽  
Monica Irukulla
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Gynecological Cancers ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Timely Treatment

AbstractDelivering care for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic can pose a significant challenge, given the fact that cancer patients face a higher risk of morbidity and mortality from the infection. Outcomes in gynecological cancers are heavily stage-dependent, ranging from 5-year survival 95% in early stage to less than 15% in advanced stages. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are therefore of the utmost importance, but they should be balanced, considering the availability of local expertise and resources and the local pandemic status. This article outlines the management guidelines for the care of women with gynecological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Salivary RNA Signatures in Oral Cancer Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth Panta ◽  
Venkat Raghavender Venna
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are common malignancies that affect almost a million people every year. The key issue in reducing mortality and morbidity associated with OSCC is to develop novel strategies to identify OSCC at an early stage. One such strategy is the identification of biomarkers. So far, more than 100 biomarkers are recognized in the detection of oral cancer and they range from proteins to nucleic acids (DNAs, RNAs). Detection of ribose nucleic acids in saliva is a recent trend in diagnosing oral cancer. Studies have shown statistically significant changes in the levels of salivary transcriptomes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. These biomarkers have displayed high sensitivity and specificity. Also, new point-of-care platforms such as oral fluid nanosensor test are now available that will soon emerge as chair-side tools for early detection of oral cancer. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of salivary transcriptomes in oral cancer detection.

scholarly journals Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9160
Author(s):  
Silvio Abati ◽  
Chiara Bramati ◽  
Stefano Bondi ◽  
Alessandra Lissoni ◽  
Matteo Trimarchi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Vital Staining ◽  
World Health ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
The World ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Oral cancer (OC) is an uncommon malignancy in Western countries, being one of the most common cancers in some high-risk areas of the world. It is a largely preventable cancer, since most of the different risk factors identified, such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing, are behaviors that increase the likelihood of the disease. Given its high mortality, early diagnosis is of utmost importance. Prevention and the anticipation of diagnosis begin with identification of potentially malignant lesions of the oral mucosa and with local conditions promoting chronic inflammation. Therefore, every lesion must be recognized promptly and treated adequately. The clinical recognition and evaluation of oral mucosal lesions can detect up to 99% of oral cancers/premalignancies. As stated by the World Health Organization, any suspicious lesion that does not subside within two weeks from detection and removal of local causes of irritation must be biopsied. Surgical biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of oral cancer. Adjunctive tools have been developed and studied to help clinicians in the diagnostic pathway, such as toluidine blue vital staining and autofluorescence imaging. In the near future other methods, i.e., identification of salivary markers of progression may help in reducing mortality due to oral cancer.

scholarly journals CAN BASE EXCESS BE USED FOR PREDICT TO NEONATAL SEPSIS IN PRETERM NEWBORNS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e2019014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema Arayıcı
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Background: Neonatal sepsis remains an important and potentially life-threatening clinical syndrome and a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study to investigate whether values of base excess before the onset of clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis indicate infection in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Methods: In this study a total of 118 infants were enrolled. The infants were classified into two groups: group 1 (sepsis, n=49) and group 2 (control, n=69). Blood gas analysis investigated for screening of neonatal sepsis. Results: A total of 49 newborns with neonatal sepsis and 69 healthy controls were enrolled. A comparison of markers of sepsis revealed C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 level to be significantly higher and pH, pCO2, HCO3 and base excess values to be significantly lower in newborns with sepsis compared healthy controls (p<0.01). The optimum cut-off value in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was found to be -5 mmol/L for base excess. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this base excess cut-off for neonatal sepsis were 75, 91, 86 and 84% respectively. Conclusion: This is the first study to determine the relationship between the decrease value of base excess and early stage of neonatal sepsis. If the value of base excess <-5 mmol/L without an underlying another reason, may need close follow up of infants for neonatal sepsis and it may help early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Oral Carcinoma of Squamous Cells with Early Diagnosis: Case Report and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Yadira V. Boza Oreamuno DDS, MSc
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Oral Cancer Screening ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Frequent Localization

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin in the oral cavity, usually affecting men over 40 years of age. The most frequent localization sites are the tongue and the floor of the mouth. The etiology is multifactorial being tobacco and alcohol the most important risk factors. The clinical presentation is variable and although it is preceded by visible changes in the oral mucosa, the diagnosis is usually made late. An early diagnosis is critically important to improve survival and treatment outcomes. Oral cancer screening is effective in reducing the mortality and morbidity of oral cancer. The purpose of this study was to present a case of OSCC and to highlight the importance of an early diagnosis using oral cancer screening, and the review of the relevant literature as for this pathology.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Dental Practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Saxena ◽  
M Kaur ◽  
YP Samantha ◽  
G Chawla ◽  
G Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Exfoliative Cytology ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cytological Smear ◽  
Oral Exfoliative Cytology

ABSTRACT Early detection of oral cancers is not easy, because oral precancerous lesions and early oral cancers can mimic many benign conditions in the mouth, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. There is a need to emphasize the early diagnosis of oral cancers in order to reduce the unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Oral exfoliative cytology can be a powerful tool for early detection of malignant and premalignant lesions as well as for some viral and fungal infections. The use of oral exfoliative cytology in clinical practice declined due to the subjective nature of its interpretation and because there may be only a small number of abnormal cells identifiable in a smear. The more recent application of quantitative techniques, together with advances in immunocytochemistry, has refined the potential role of cytology, stimulating a reappraisal of its value in the diagnosis of oral cancer. The limitations of the method should be thoroughly understood and appreciated by the dental clinician. The aim of the publication is to encourage maximum participation of dental professional in early detection and control of oral cancer by means of early diagnosis through use of cytological smear.

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