scholarly journals Report of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the Pliocene of Borgomanero, Novara (Piedmont, NW Italy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pasini ◽  
Alessandro Garassino ◽  
Piero Damarco
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Brachyuran Crabs ◽  
Nw Italy ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Some brachyuran crabs from the Pliocene of a new outcrop nearby Borgomanero (Novara, Piedmont, NW Italy) are reported. This study allows us to recognize a peculiar brachyuran crabs assemblage including: Macropipus cf. M. tuberculatus Prestandrea, 1833 (Polybiidae Ortmann, 1893), first report for this species from the Pliocene fossil record, and an indeterminate representative of Mursia Leach in Desmarest, 1822 (Calappidae De Haan, 1833), genus never recorded previously in the Mediterranean basin. Finally, a single chela is referred to Calappa sp. (Calappidae De Haan, 1833).

scholarly journals First report of Verticillium wilt and mortality of Ailanthus altissima caused by Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum sensu lato in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepció Moragrega ◽  
Júlia Carol ◽  
Enric Bisbe ◽  
Enric Fabregas ◽  
Isidre Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vascular Discoloration ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) swingle is a highly invasive tree that has become established worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean Basin because of its good drought resistance. Ailanthus altissima is included in the list of Invasive Alien Species of the EU, so measures for eradication and management are required. Assessment for potential biological control agents is of great interest to manage this invasive tree in natural ecosystems. Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Verticillium nonalfalfae Inderb. et al. (formerly V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold) have been reported as the causal agents of Verticillium wilt and mortality of ailanthus (Shall and Davis 2009; Rebbeck et al., 2013; Snyder et al., 2013; Brooks et al. 2020). Ailanthus trees with Verticillium wilt symptoms (wilt, premature defoliation, terminal dieback, yellow vascular discoloration, and mortality) were detected for the first time in 2007 in Celrà (42.040466N, 2.864436E) (Catalonia, Northeastern Spain), then spread to neighboring ailanthus populations. In 2018, ailanthus trees in a 570 km2 area in Catalonia were surveyed for disease symptoms. The incidence of wilt disease in ailanthus trees in forest ecosystems ranged from 50 to 90%, and the severity, 60 to 92%. One hundred and fifty branch samples showing wilt symptoms were collected and disinfected by immersion in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, then cut into 5mm pieces. These were placed onto PDA plates and incubated at 22.5 °C and 12 h light photoperiod for 7-10 days. Eighty-four tentative Verticillium sp. isolates were recovered and subcultured on modified water agar (WA-p) and PDA for identification (Inderbitzin et al. 2011, 2013). The majority of isolates (77 %) were identified as V. dahliae based on morphology; production of brown-pigmented microsclerotia and conidia features and dimensions (5.7 ± 0.9 μm long). Sequencing of mycelial DNA using primer pair ITS1-F and ITS4, resulted in consensus sequences of 503 bp. BLASTn analysis of ITS sequence of native isolate VdGi688 gave 100% identity to the ITS sequences of V. dahliae type strain PD322 (92% coverage) and Vd16_9 (100% coverage). In addition, 23% isolates morphologically corresponded to V. albo-atrum or V. nonalfalfae; melanized resting mycelia and round to oval-shaped conidia (5.2 ± 0.9 μm × 2.2 ± 0.5 μm). The ITS consensus sequence (544 bp) of native isolate VaaGi02 gave 99% identity (90-100 % coverage) to V. albo-atrum isolates CBS 127169, PSU 140, Vaa_TN1 and to V. nonalfalfae type PD592, CBS5451.88 and Vert 18. Sequences from isolates VdGi688 and VaaGi02 were deposited in GenBank as MW624723 and MW624724, respectively. Koch’s postulates for seven V. dahliae isolates and eight V. albo-atrum isolates were fulfilled by injection of 1 mL of 1 x 107 conidia/mL suspension into the stem of A. altissima seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Six plants were inoculated per isolate in two independent experiments. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. All isolates caused leaf chlorosis, defoliation, and apical stem death, as well as internal necrosis and vascular discoloration. Control plants remained asymptomatic. The pathogens were re-isolated from internal symptomatic tissues of inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum sensu lato causing Verticillium wilt on A. altissima in Spain. The study suggests the potential of native isolates of Verticillum spp. in the biological control of ailanthus in the Mediterranean Basin. This work was funded by the Diputació de Girona (Spain) (2017/8719, 2019/3091, 2020/7565, and 2021/1468).

First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe platani in Ailanthus altissima, the tree-of-heaven, in the Mediterranean basin, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-431
Author(s):  
Alessandra Marchica ◽  
Claudia Pisuttu ◽  
Antonella Calzone ◽  
Rodolfo Bernardi ◽  
Giacomo Lorenzini
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

Unfinished and Less Authored Texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. C. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Jewish Writers

The concept of textual unfinishedness played a role in a wide variety of cultures and contexts across the Mediterranean basin in antiquity and late antiquity. Chapter 2 documents examples of Greek, Roman, and Jewish writers reflecting explicitly in their own words about unfinished texts. Many writers claimed to have written unfinished texts on purpose for specific cultural reasons, while others claimed to have written texts that slipped out of their hands somehow with their permission.

The Alphabet and its Legacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Madadh Richey
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Generative Power ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Alphabetic Writing ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The alphabet employed by the Phoenicians was the inheritor of a long tradition of alphabetic writing and was itself adapted for use throughout the Mediterranean basin by numerous populations speaking many languages. The present contribution traces the origins of the alphabet in Sinai and the Levant before discussing different alphabetic standardizations in Ugarit and Phoenician Tyre. The complex adaptation of the latter for representation of the Greek language is described in detail, then some brief attention is given to likely—Etruscan and other Italic alphabets—and possible (Iberian and Berber) descendants of the Phoenician alphabet. Finally, it is stressed that current research does not view the Phoenician and other alphabets as inherently simpler, more easily learned, or more democratic than other writing systems. The Phoenician alphabet remains, nevertheless, an impressive technological development worthy, especially by virtue of its generative power, of detailed study ranging from paleographic and orthographic specifications to social and political contextualization.

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