scholarly journals The physiological basis and clinical significance of lung volume measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Faisal Lutfi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Lung Volume Measurements ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Volume Measurements

From a physiological standpoint, the lung volumes are either dynamic or static. Both subclasses are measured at different degrees of inspiration or expiration; however, dynamic lung volumes are characteristically dependent on the rate of air flow. The static lung volumes/capacities are further subdivided into four standard volumes (tidal, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual volumes) and four standard capacities (inspiratory, functional residual, vital and total lung capacities). The dynamic lung volumes are mostly derived from vital capacity. While dynamic lung volumes are essential for diagnosis and follow up of obstructive lung diseases, static lung volumes are equally important for evaluation of obstructive as well as restrictive ventilatory defects. This review intends to update the reader with the physiological basis, clinical significance and interpretative approaches of the standard static lung volumes and capacities.

scholarly journals THE LUNG VOLUME IN HEART DISEASE

1923 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. L. Binger
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Total Lung Volume ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Residual Air

The lung volumes in a group of individuals suffering from chronic cardiac disease have been studied by a method which is applicable to patients suffering from dyspnea. In a number of instances the same patients were investigated during various stages of decompensation and compensation. The values found have been compared with those determined in a group of normal subjects. Lung volumes have been considered from three points of view: (1) relative lung volumes or subdivisions of total lung volume expressed as percentage of total lung volume; (2) the absolute lung volumes of patients with heart disease have been compared with lung volumes calculated for normal individuals having similar surface areas or chest measurements; and (3) in individual cases absolute lung volumes have been measured in various stages of compensation and decompensation. (1) In patients with heart disease it has been observed that the vital capacity forms a portion of the total lung volume relatively smaller than in normal individuals, and that the mid-capacity and residual air form relatively larger portions. When the patient progresses from the compensated to the decompensated state these changes become more pronounced. (2) When the absolute lung volumes determined for patients are compared with volumes of the same sort, as calculated for normal individuals of the same surface areas and chest measurements, the following differences are found. The vital capacities are always smaller in the patients and the volumes of residual air are always larger. There is a tendency for middle capacity and total capacity to be smaller, though, when the patients are in a compensated state, these volumes may approximate normal. (3) When decompensation occurs the absolute lung volumes undergo changes as follows: (a) vital capacity, mid-capacity, and total capacity decrease in volume; and (b) the residual air may either increase or decrease according to the severity of the state of decompensation. The significance of these changes has been discussed and an explanation offered for the occurrence of a residual air of normal volume in patients with heart disease. It results from a combination of two tendencies working in opposite directions: one to increase the residual air—stiffness of the lungs (Lungenstarre); the other to decrease it—distended capillaries (Lungenschwellung), edema, round cell infiltration.

Lung volume specificity of inspiratory muscle training

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Tzelepis ◽  
D. L. Vega ◽  
M. E. Cohen ◽  
F. D. McCool
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Inspiratory Capacity ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Before And After

We examined the extent to which training-related increases of inspiratory muscle (IM) strength are limited to the lung volume (VL) at which the training occurs. IM strength training consisted of performing repeated static maximum inspiratory maneuvers. Three groups of normal volunteers performed these maneuvers at one of three lung volumes: residual volume (RV), relaxation volume (Vrel), or Vrel plus one-half of inspiratory capacity (Vrel + 1/2IC). A control group did not train. We constructed maximal inspiratory pressure-VL curves before and after a 6-wk training period. For each group, we found that the greatest improvements in strength occurred at the volume at which the subjects trained and were significantly greater for those who trained at low (36% for RV and 26% for Vrel) than at high volumes (13% for Vrel + 1/2IC). Smaller increments in strength were noted at volumes adjacent to the training volume. The range of vital capacity (VC) over which strength was increased was greater for those who trained at low (70% of VC) than at high VL (20% of VC). We conclude that the greatest improvements in IM strength are specific to the VL at which training occurs. However, the increase in strength, as well as the range of volume over which strength is increased, is greater for those who trained at the lower VL.

scholarly journals Ventilatory limitations are not associated with dyspnea on exertion or reduced aerobic fitness in pectus excavatum: a critical information that must be highlighted to prevent inappropriate interventions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise LUPON ◽  
ALEXANDRE GASTON Lellouch ◽  
Benoit Chaput ◽  
Curtis Cetrulo ◽  
Jean Pierre Chavoin
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Pectus Excavatum ◽  
Lung Volume Measurements ◽  
Cover Letter ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Pulmonary Impairment ◽  
Pediatric Pulmonology ◽  
Volume Measurements

Cover letter Pediatric Pulmonology Dear Editor, Enclosed is a manuscript to be considered in Pediatric Pulmonology that does not require an abstract , usually. This letter to the editor entitled “Ventilatory limitations are not associated with dyspnea on exertion or reduced aerobic fitness in pectus excavatum: a critical information that must be highlighted to prevent inappropriate interventions” comments the reports by Hardie and al. which tested the hypothesis that PEX deformities are associated with a pulmonary impairment during exercise and concluded that resting lung volume measurements were associated with the anatomic degree of PEX severity.

Acute lung injury monitored with radiolabelled transferrin and lung volume measurements

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wetterberg ◽  
E. Svensjö ◽  
A. Larsson ◽  
G. Sigurdsson ◽  
Z. G-Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Lung Volume Measurements ◽  
Volume Measurements

scholarly journals STUDIES OF LUNG VOLUME

1918 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garvin ◽  
Christen Lundsgaard ◽  
Donald D. Van Slyke
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Residual Air

The total capacity, middle capacity, and residual air have been determined in twenty adult women suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. The chest volumes have been determined in each case and the normal lung volumes calculated by means of the ratios worked out in Paper I and applied to thirty-one men in Paper II. The excursions of the diaphragm have been determined by fluoroscopy in all cases. Of eight patients with incipient tuberculosis, five had lung capacities like those of men in the same group; i.e., about normal total capacity, slightly increased residual air, and consequently somewhat decreased vital capacity. Three had considerably diminished total capacity. In these three patients, however, clinical abnormalities were found (extensive miliary tuberculosis, obstruction of bronchus, fixation of diaphragm in expiratory position). In twelve patients with moderately advanced and advanced tuberculosis, the results agreed with those found in men, the total capacity and vital capacity being decreased, while the residual air was practically normal.

A Syringe Simulation of Biological Controls for Quality Assessment of Prospective Lung Volume Measurements

Respiration ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten K. Ninaber ◽  
Robert Schot ◽  
Laura Fregonese ◽  
Jan Stolk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Lung Volume Measurements ◽  
Volume Measurements
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document