scholarly journals Obesity: systemic and pulmonary complications, biochemical abnormalities, and impairment of lung function

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnaldo José Lopes ◽  
Thiago Thomaz Mafort ◽  
Rogério Rufino ◽  
Cláudia Henrique Costa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Effect ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Obesity is currently one of the major epidemics of this millennium and affects individuals throughout the world. It causes multiple systemic complications, some of which result in severe impairment of organs and tissues. These complications involve mechanical changes caused by the accumulation of adipose tissue and the numerous cytokines produced by adipocytes. Obesity also significantly interferes with respiratory function by decreasing lung volume, particularly the expiratory reserve volume and functional residual capacity. Because of the ineffectiveness of the respiratory muscles, strength and resistance may be reduced. All these factors lead to inspiratory overload, which increases respiratory effort, oxygen consumption, and respiratory energy expenditure. It is noteworthy that patterns of body fat distribution significantly influence the function of the respiratory system, likely via the direct mechanical effect of fat accumulation in the chest and abdominal regions. Weight loss caused by various types of treatment, including low-calorie diet, intragastric balloon, and bariatric surgery, significantly improves lung function and metabolic syndrome and reduces body mass index. Despite advances in the knowledge of pulmonary and systemic complications associated with obesity, longitudinal randomized studies are needed to assess the impact of weight loss on metabolic syndrome and lung function.

scholarly journals Orlistat and cardiovascular risk profile in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: the ARCOS study

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Zanella ◽  
Marcelo Hiroshi Uehara ◽  
Artur Beltrame Ribeiro ◽  
Marcelo Bertolami ◽  
Ana Claudia Falsetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The Impact

Weight loss improves metabolic abnormalities and reduces cardiovascular risk in obese hypertensive patients. To evaluate the impact of a sustained weight loss on coronary risk, 181 hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome underwent to orlistat therapy, 120 mg, t.i.d., plus diet for 36 weeks. During therapy, Framingham risk scores (FRS) were calculated for determination of coronary heart disease risk in ten years. Body mass index decreased from 35.0 ± 4.2 to 32.6 ± 4.5 kg/m² (p< 0.0001) and waist circumference from 108.1 ± 10.1 to 100.5 ± 11.1 cm (p< 0.0001), at the end of the study period (week 36). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed reductions after the two first weeks, which were maintained up to the end of the study. A clear shift to the left in FRS distribution curve occurred at the end of the study, compared to baseline, indicating a reduction in coronary risk. Over all patients at risk, 49.2% moved to a lower risk category. A weight loss > 5% occurred in 64.6% of all patients, associated with improvement in glucose metabolism. Among those with abnormal glucose metabolism, 38 out 53 patients (71.7%) improved their glucose tolerance (p< 0.0005). In conclusion, long-term orlistat therapy helps to reduce and maintain a lower body weight, decreasing risk of coronary disease and improving glucose metabolism, thus protecting against type 2 diabetes.

The weight change impact on metabolic syndrome: a 17-year follow-up study

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kwaśniewska ◽  
Dorota Kaleta ◽  
Anna Jegier ◽  
Tomasz Kostka ◽  
Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroduction: Data on long-term patterns of weight change in relation to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of weight change on the risk of MetS in men. Material and Methods: Prospective longitudinal observation (17.9 ± 8.1 years) of apparently healthy 324 men aged 18–64 years. Metabolic risk was assessed in weight gain (⩾ 2.5 kg), stable weight (> −2.5 kg and < 2.5 kg) and weight loss (⩽ −2.5 kg) groups. Adjusted relative risk (RR) of MetS was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of MetS over follow-up was 22.5%. There was a strong relationship between weight gain and worsening of MetS components among baseline overweight men. Long-term increase in weight was most strongly related with the risk of abdominal obesity (RR=7.26; 95% CI 2.98–18.98), regardless of baseline body mass index (BMI). Weight loss was protective against most metabolic disorders. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with energy expenditure > 2000 metabolic equivalent/min/week was associated with a significantly lower risk of MetS. Conclusions: Reducing weight among overweight and maintaining stable weight among normal-weight men lower the risk of MetS. High LTPA level may additionally decrease the metabolic risk regardless of BMI.

scholarly journals Effect of the Mediterranean diet with and without weight loss on surrogate markers of cholesterol homeostasis in men with the metabolic syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Richard ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
Sophie Desroches ◽  
Suzanne Benjannet ◽  
Nabil G. Seidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

The mechanisms implicated in the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering effects of the Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) are unknown. The present study assessed the impact of the MedDiet consumed under controlled feeding conditions, with and without weight loss, on surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption, synthesis and clearance using plasma phytosterols, lathosterol and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) concentrations, respectively, in men with the metabolic syndrome. The subjects' diet (n19, 24–62 years) was first standardised to a baseline North American control diet (5 weeks) followed by a MedDiet (5 weeks), both under weight-maintaining isoenergetic feeding conditions. The participants then underwent a 20-week free-living energy restriction period (10 (sd3) % reduction in body weight,P < 0·01), followed by the consumption of the MedDiet (5 weeks) under controlled isoenergetic feeding conditions. The LDL-C-lowering effect of the MedDiet in the absence of weight loss ( − 9·9 %) was accompanied by significant reductions in plasma PCSK9 concentrations ( − 11·7 %,P < 0·01) and in the phytosterol:cholesterol ratio ( − 9·7 %,P < 0·01) compared with the control diet. The addition of weight loss to the MedDiet had no further impact on plasma LDL-C concentrations and on these surrogate markers of LDL clearance and cholesterol absorption. The present results suggest that the MedDiet reduces plasma LDL-C concentrations primarily by increasing LDL clearance and reducing cholesterol absorption, with no synergistic effect of body weight loss in this process.

scholarly journals The Impact of Rapid Weight Loss on Oxidative Stress Markers and the Expression of the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Tumova ◽  
Wensheng Sun ◽  
Peter H. Jones ◽  
Michal Vrablik ◽  
Christie M. Ballantyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Impact

Objective. Obesity is linked with a state of increased oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the etiology of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress markers in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Design and Methods. We measured oxidative stress markers in 40 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS+), 40 obese subjects without metabolic syndrome (MetS−), and 20 lean controls (LC) at baseline and after three months of very low caloric diet.Results. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels decreased by 12% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a reduction in total cholesterol (TC), even after adjustment for age and sex. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) activity decreased by 4.7% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a drop in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TC, and insulin levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a model including ox-LDL, LpPLA2activity, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) improved prediction of MetS status among obese individuals compared to each oxidative stress marker alone.Conclusions. Oxidative stress markers were predictive of MetS in obese subjects, suggesting a higher oxidative stress. Rapid weight loss resulted in a decline in oxidative stress markers, especially in MetS+ patients.

Abstract 127: The Mediterranean Diet With and Without Weight Loss Improves Several Features of Low-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism in Men With Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Richard ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
Sophie Desroches ◽  
Benoît Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Ldl Particle Size ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
The Impact

Objective To assess the impact of a Mediterranean type diet (MedDiet), without weight loss (-WL) and with weight loss (+WL), on features of LDL and LDL- apolipoprotein (apo) B metabolism in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods and Results The diet of 19 men with MetS (NCEP-ATP III, age 24-62 years) was first standardized to a typical North American control diet that they consumed for 5 weeks under isoenergetic feeding conditions (all foods and beverages provided). Subjects were then fed a MedDiet for 5 weeks also under isoenergetic conditions (MedDiet-WL), after which they underwent a 20-week weight loss period in free-living conditions (average weight loss -10.2 ± 2.9% body weight, P<0.01). This was followed by consumption of the MedDiet (5 weeks) under isoenergetic conditions (MedDiet+WL). Features of LDL and apo B kinetics were assessed at the end of the three controlled feeding periods. MedDiet-WL reduced VLDL-apoCIII (-41.5%), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (-7.0%) and hepatic lipase concentrations (-7.1%), reduced the proportion of small LDL (LDL<255 å, -11.7%) and increased LDL peak particle diameter (LDL-PPD, +0.7%) as well as the proportion of medium size LDL (LDL255-260 å, +11.1%) vs. control diet (all P<0.05). MedDiet-WL also decreased LDL-apoB pool size (PS, -14.2%) and increased the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of LDL-apoB (+30.4%) vs. the control diet (both P<0.05), with no change in LDL-apoB production rate (PR). MedDiet+WL was associated with further increase in LDL-PPD (0.2%) and further reduction in VLDL-apoCIII concentrations (-28.7%) compared with MedDiet-WL (both P<0.05) but had no further impact on LDL-apoB PS and on LDL-apoB FCR. Conclusion Data from this controlled feeding study suggest that consumption of MedDiet, even in the absence of weight loss, decreases LDL-C concentrations and LDL-apoB pool size primarily by enhancing the clearance of LDL particles in men with MetS. This is accompanied by a reduction in the proportion of small dense LDL and an increase in LDL particle size. Combining weight loss to MedDiet has no additional impact on LDL-apoB pool size and catabolism but may have further beneficial effects on the LDL particle size phenotype in men with MetS.

scholarly journals Adiponectin, Inflammation, and the Expression of the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Individuals: The Impact of Rapid Weight Loss through Caloric Restriction

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2697-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios M. Xydakis ◽  
Christopher C. Case ◽  
Peter H. Jones ◽  
Ron C. Hoogeveen ◽  
Mine-Yine Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of weight loss beyond lung function: benefit with respect to asthma outcomes

Pulmonology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lília Maia Santos ◽  
Bárbara Ramos ◽  
João Almeida ◽  
Cláudia Chaves Loureiro ◽  
Carlos Robalo Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Asthma Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

The Impact Of Metabolic Syndrome On The Rate Of Longitudinal Lung Function Decline

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Kyoung Koo ◽  
Eun Young Heo ◽  
Deog Kyeom Kim ◽  
Hee Soon Chung ◽  
Chang-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Advanced Molecular Imaging (MRI/MRS/1H NMR) for Metabolic Information in Young Adults with Health Risk Obesity

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Khin Thandar Htun ◽  
Jie Pan ◽  
Duanghathai Pasanta ◽  
Montree Tungjai ◽  
Chatchanok Udomtanakunchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
The Impact

Background: Obesity or being overweight is a medical condition of abnormal body fat accumulation which is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The distinct body fat depots on specific parts of the anatomy have unique metabolic properties and different types of regional excessive fat distribution can be a disease hazard. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolome and molecular imaging phenotypes among a young adult population. Methods: The amount and distribution of fat and lipid metabolites profile in the abdomen, liver, and calf muscles of 46 normal weight, 17 overweight, and 13 obese participants were acquired using MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. The serum metabolic profile was obtained using proton NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were integrated into seven integration regions, which reflect relative metabolites. Results: A significant metabolic disorder symptom appeared in the overweight and obese group, and increased lipid deposition occurred in the abdomen, hepatocytes, and muscles that were statistically significant. Overall, the visceral fat depots had a marked influence on dyslipidemia biomarkers, blood triglyceride (r = 0.592, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.484, p < 0.001). Intrahepatocellular lipid was associated with diabetes predictors for hemoglobin (HbA1c%; r = 0.379, p < 0.001) and for fasting blood sugar (r = 0.333, p < 0.05). The lipid signals in serum triglyceride and glucose signals gave similar correspondence to biochemical lipid profiles. Conclusions: This study proves the association between alteration in metabolome in young adults, which is the key population for early prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study suggests that dyslipidemia prevalence is influenced mainly by the visceral fat depot, and liver fat depot is a key determinant for glucose metabolism and hyperglycemia. Moreover, noninvasive advanced molecular imaging completely elucidated the impact of fat distribution on the anthropometric and laboratory parameters, especially indices of the metabolic syndrome biomarkers in young adults.

scholarly journals The impact of fat distribution on the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome

Hepatology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onpan Cheung ◽  
Ashwani Kapoor ◽  
Puneet Puri ◽  
Sakita Sistrun ◽  
Velimir A. Luketic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact
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