scholarly journals Report on Non-fatal events cardio-cerebro-vascular to ten years in a Southern Italy cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Capuano ◽  
Norman Lamaida ◽  
Rocco Capuano ◽  
Eduardo Capuano ◽  
Sergio Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
European Standard Population

Background: Data relating to non-fatal cardiovascular events are poor but these data are essential to organize targeted interventions on the territory and to understand their effectiveness. Methods: We calculated the rates of morbidity from cardiovascular events covering the period 1998/99 - 2008/09, in a cohort of 1200 persons (600 men and 600 women) aged 25 to 74 years. Data were standardized using the European standard population. Results: The incidence of events to ten years of nonfatal myocardial infarction was 2,2% in men and of 1,8% in women. PCI interventions to ten year have been 3,3% in men and 3,4% in women, the interventions of aorto-coronary bypass have been 2,4% and 0,5% for men and women respectively. While all major cardiovascular events have been more frequent in men, in women there was a higher incidence of stroke (1,6% vs 0,9%). Conclusion: Although by comparison with other European countries Italy is among the countries considered at low-risk of coronary heart disease, in Campania cardiovascular diseases reach higher rates than the rest of the country. Our results are in keeping with the literature data and confirm that cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem. Local analysis are useful in providing additional information for planning prevention interventions targeted to its own territory.

scholarly journals Ten year cardio-cerebro-vascular mortality and morbidity in a Southern Italy cohort: the VIP Project data

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Capuano ◽  
Norman Lamaida ◽  
Sergio Torre ◽  
Ernesto Capuano ◽  
Maria Immacolata Borrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
European Standard Population

Rationale: In Italy the mortality data were obtained almost exclusively from the data RENCAM (Name Causes of Death Register), while there are few prospective surveys. In order to assess whether there are particular epidemiological conditions in the geographical area of Mercato S. Severino, in Southern Italy, we have studied, and reassessed at ten years (1998/99 - 2008/09), a cohort of adult general population in a project of cardiovascular epidemiology and prevention. Materials and Methods: We calculated the rates of mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular events covering the period 1998/99 - 2008/09, in a cohort of 1200 persons (600 men and 600 women) aged 25 to 74 years. Data were standardized using the European standard population. Results: Mortality from cardiovascular causes was 46,5% in men and 48,7% in women; it was mainly concentrated in the age group 65-74 years where it occurred on 62,9% of deaths in men and 66,7% in women. Regarding morbidity, the incidence of events to ten years of non-fatal myocardial infarction was 2,2% in men and of 1,8% in women. PTCA interventions to ten year have been 3,3% in men and 3,4% in women, the interventions of aorto-coronary bypass have been 2,4% and 0,5% for men and women respectively. While all major cardiovascular events have been more frequent in men, in women there was a higher incidence of stroke (1,6% vs 0,9%). Conclusions: Although by comparison with other European countries Italy is among the countries considered at low-risk of coronary heart disease, in Campania cardiovascular diseases reach higher rates than the rest of the country. Our results are in line with the literature data and confirm that cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem. Local analysis to propose means to provide useful information for planning prevention interventions targeted to their own territory.

scholarly journals Dating and relationship violence victimization and perpetration among 11–16 year olds in Wales: a cross-sectional analysis of the School Health Research Network (SHRN) survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honor Young ◽  
Sara Jayne Long ◽  
G J Melendez-Torres ◽  
Hyun Sue Kim ◽  
Gillian Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
School Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background This study examines the prevalence of dating and relationship violence (DRV) victimization, perpetration and joint victimization and perpetration, and associations between DRV and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional self-report data from 74 908 students aged 11–16 from 193 schools across Wales were collected and analysed using generalized estimating equations to examine prevalence and predictors of emotional and physical DRV victimization, perpetration and joint victimization and perpetration. Results More girls reported emotional victimization (28%) and perpetration (18%) than boys (20% and 16%, respectively). More girls (8%) than boys (7%) reported physical perpetration. However, boys (17%) reported more physical victimization than girls (12%). Age-related trajectories of DRV victimization and perpetration were stronger in girls than in boys. Students from single or step parent homes, those in care, and certain ethnic minority groups had increased odds of DRV. No association was found between socioeconomic status and DRV. Conclusions Age-related trajectories and the lack of social patterning by socioeconomic status point to the value of early, universal interventions, while some evidence of ethnic patterning and family structure-related risk factors suggest areas for further research and targeted interventions. DRV continues to be a major public health problem for which little UK-specific intervention evidence exists.

scholarly journals Assessment of cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients in an urban area of Kancheepuram district, India: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4098
Author(s):  
Mareeswaran N. ◽  
R. Umadevi ◽  
A. K. Savitha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem. Non communicable diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, obesity are increasing in number and overtakes the communicable diseases with respect to morbidity and mortality. Diabetic populations have a higher risk of developing CAD than the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients.Methods: This is a cross sectional study done among the urban adult population in Kancheepuram district. Sample size of 400 diabetic patients was studied by using consecutive sampling method. Data was collected by administering a pre tested structured questionnaire. Cardiovascular risk was assessed based on PROCAM scoring, a 10 years risk assessment score. The study was done for a period of three months from January to March 2018. Data analysis was done in SPSS software version 22.Results: Among the diabetic patients, 53.5% of them are in high risk category based on PROCAM score for developing cardiovascular disease. A statistical significant association was found between cardiovascular risk and factors like socioeconomic status and overweight/obesity.Conclusions: This study reveals that the diabetic populations are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Hence awareness about the risk should be created and appropriate intervention at early stages should be implemented at primary health care level. 

Epidemiology of Cholera in Bangladesh: Findings From Nationwide Hospital-based Surveillance, 2014–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1635-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraful Islam Khan ◽  
Md Mahbubur Rashid ◽  
Md Taufiqul Islam ◽  
Mokibul Hassan Afrad ◽  
M Salimuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Food History ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite advances in prevention, detection, and treatment, cholera remains a major public health problem in Bangladesh and little is known about cholera outside of limited historical sentinel surveillance sites. In Bangladesh, a comprehensive national cholera control plan is essential, although national data are needed to better understand the magnitude and geographic distribution of cholera. Methods We conducted systematic hospital-based cholera surveillance among diarrhea patients in 22 sites throughout Bangladesh from 2014 to 2018. Stool specimens were collected and tested for Vibrio cholerae by microbiological culture. Participants’ socioeconomic status and clinical, sanitation, and food history were recorded. We used generalized estimating equations to identify the factors associated with cholera among diarrhea patients. Results Among 26 221 diarrhea patients enrolled, 6.2% (n = 1604) cases were V. cholerae O1. The proportion of diarrhea patients positive for cholera in children <5 years was 2.1% and in patients ≥5 years was 9.5%. The proportion of cholera in Dhaka and Chittagong Division was consistently high. We observed biannual seasonal peaks (pre- and postmonsoon) for cholera across the country, with higher cholera positivity during the postmonsoon in western regions and during the pre–monsoon season in eastern regions. Cholera risk increased with age, occupation, and recent history of diarrhea among household members. Conclusions Cholera occurs throughout a large part of Bangladesh. Cholera-prone areas should be prioritized to control the disease by implementation of targeted interventions. These findings can help strengthen the cholera-control program and serve as the basis for future studies for tracking the impact of cholera-control interventions in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Prevalence of metabolic syndrome within hypertensive population and the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Gabriel Cristian BEJAN ◽  
◽  
Dumitru MATEI ◽  
Adela IANCU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Hypertensive Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases

Metabolic syndrome, also called insulin resistance syndrome or excess of catecholamines, is represented by several cardiometabolic factors that result in increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Due to sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric food, with a high percent of saturated fats and carbohydrates, that characterize modern lifestyle of the population, especially in urban areas, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome recorded an ascending slope that makes it a very topical issue for the medical world. During the years 2013-2014 we conducted an observational study on a sample of 111 hypertensive patients without major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke, with age between 48 and 83 years, in whom we determined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The survey results showed an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, considering that we related to a hypertensive population, and an increased risk of non-fatal atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in men and fatal cardiovascular events in next 10 years especially for women.

scholarly journals Benefits and harms of high-dose haemodiafiltration versus high-flux haemodialysis: the comparison of high-dose haemodiafiltration with high-flux haemodialysis (CONVINCE) trial protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Blankestijn ◽  
Kathrin I Fischer ◽  
Claudia Barth ◽  
Krister Cromm ◽  
Bernard Canaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
All Cause Mortality

IntroductionEnd-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a major public health problem affecting more than 2 million people worldwide. It is one of the most severe chronic non-communicable diseases. Haemodialysis (HD) is the most common therapeutic option but is also associated with a risk of cardiovascular events, hospitalisation and suboptimal quality of life. Over the past decades, haemodiafiltration (HDF) has become available. Although high-dose HDF has shown some promising survival advantage compared to conventional HD, the evidence remains controversial. A Cochrane systematic review found, in low-quality trials, with various convective forms of dialysis, a reduction in cardiovascular, but not all-cause mortality and the effects on non-fatal cardiovascular events and hospitalisation were uncertain. In contrast, an individual patient data analysis suggested that high-dose HDF reduced both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to HD. In view of these discrepant results, a definitive trial is required to determine whether high-dose HDF is preferable to high-flux HD. The comparison of high-dose HDF with high-flux HD (CONVINCE) study will assess the benefits and harms of high-dose HDF versus a conventional high-flux HD in adults with ESKD.Methods and analysisThis international, prospective, open label, randomised controlled trial aims to recruit 1800 ESKD adults treated with HD in nine European countries. Patients will be randomised 1:1 to high-dose HDF versus continuation of conventional high-flux HD. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality at 3 years’ follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include cause-specific mortality, cardiovascular events, all-cause and infection-related hospitalisations, patient-reported outcomes (eg, health-related quality of life) and cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationThe CONVINCE study will address the question of benefits and harms of high-dose HDF compared to high-flux HD for kidney replacement therapy in patients with ESKD with a focus on survival, patient perspectives and cost-effectiveness.Trial registration numberNetherlands National Trial Register (NTR 7138).

A Systematic Review of School-Based Interventions Aimed at Preventing, Treating, and Responding to Suicide- Related Behavior in Young People

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Robinson ◽  
Georgina Cox ◽  
Aisling Malone ◽  
Michelle Williamson ◽  
Gabriel Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
School Based ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Suicide Attempted

Background: Suicide, in particular among young people, is a major public health problem, although little is known regarding effective interventions for managing and preventing suicide-related behavior. Aims: To review the empirical literature pertaining to suicide postvention, prevention, and early intervention, specifically in school settings. Method: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT) as well as citation lists of relevant articles using terms related to suicide and schools were searched in July 2011. School-based programs targeting suicide, attempted suicide, suicidal ideation, and self-harm where intent is not specified were included. No exclusion was placed on trial design. All studies had to include a suicide-related outcome. Results: A total of 412 potentially relevant studies were identified, 43 of which met the inclusion criteria, as well as three secondary publications: 15 universal awareness programs, 23 selective interventions, 3 targeted interventions, and 2 postvention trials. Limitations: Overall, the evidence was limited and hampered by methodological concerns, particularly a lack of RCTs. Conclusions: The most promising interventions for schools appear to be gatekeeper training and screening programs. However, more research is needed.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

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