scholarly journals An unusual association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Agarwal ◽  
N. Singh ◽  
A.N. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Unusual Association ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is rarely described outside the setting of asthma or cystic fibrosis. The occurrence of ABPA in other structural lung diseases included scars of old healed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is also unknown. In this case, we report a 62- year old lady treated for PTB 40 years ago who presented with increasing dyspnea on exertion, cough with expectoration of blackish brown mucus plugs and wheezing. High-resolution computed tomographic scan of the thorax showed parenchymal fibrosis and volume loss in left upper lobe while central bronchiectasis, mosaic attenuation, centrilobular nodules with a tree-in-bud pattern were observed in the other lobes. Investigations revealed a diagnosis of ABPA. The patient was treated with prednisolone and showed a significant response. We review the current literature on this unusual association of previous and cured TB with ABPA, and also discuss the hypothesis of this possible relationship.

Cerebral Cavernous Angiomas in the First Year of Life

Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Gangemi ◽  
Pieluigi Longatti ◽  
Francesco Maiuri ◽  
Giuseppe Cinalli ◽  
Alessandro Carteri
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Cavernous Angiomas ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mixed Tumors

Abstract Two rare cases of cerebral cavernous angiomas in two infants. 9 and 6 months old, respectively, are reported and the other 11 cases in the literature concerning patients in the first year of life are reviewed. Cavernous angiomas of the brain occur rarely in the first year of life and present with seizures and head enlargement. On computed tomographic scan they typically appear as large, hyperdense, unenhanced masses, with large cysts and must be differentiated from tumors more common in infants, such as teratomas, ependymomas, and mixed tumors. Total removal is often possible, even with large lesions, because of the small amount of bleeding and the well-defined limits of the mass.

Narrow internal auditory canal syndrome: parasaggital reconstruction

2000 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Sun Cho ◽  
Dong Gyu Na ◽  
Jae Yun Jung ◽  
Sung Hwa Hong
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Image ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vestibulocochlear Nerve ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Canal Syndrome

Narrow internal auditory canal (IAC) syndrome is a malformation of the temporal bone, that is defined as an IAC diameter of only 1–2 mm on high-resolution computed tomographic scans (HRCT). This syndrome is known to be caused by the absence (aplasia or hypoplasia) of the vestibulocochlear nerve. We present a case of unilateral narrow IAC syndrome which was diagnosed by HRCT. The aplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve was confirmed using parasigittal reconstruction magnetic resonance image (MRI). The IAC was composed of two separate canals, one of which contained a facial nerve and the other was empty with aplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve.

The Growth of Cerebral Cavernous Angiomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Pozzati ◽  
Giuliano Giuliani ◽  
Giacomo Nuzzo ◽  
Massimo Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capsule Formation ◽  
Cavernous Angiomas ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan ◽  
History Of

Abstract The natural history of cavernous angiomas is poorly understood, and their growth has rarely been documented. We report three cases of cavernous angiomas that grew to large size in 6 years, 2 years, and 2 months, respectively. An initial computed tomographic scan disclosed no abnormalities in one patient and demonstrated two “minimal” lesions in the other two. The mechanisms of growth of these lesions are discussed; subsequent hemorrhages and capsule formation played a major role in their enlargement.

Computer-Controlled Hrem Alignment Using Automated Diffractogram Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 532-533
Author(s):  
G.Y. Fan ◽  
O.L. Krivanek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Skilled Operator ◽  
Automatic Alignment ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Recorded Image

Full alignment of a high resolution electron microscope (HREM) requires five parameters to be optimized: the illumination angle (beam tilt) x and y, defocus, and astigmatism magnitude and orientation. Because neither voltage nor current centering lead to the correct illumination angle, all the adjustments must be done on the basis of observing contrast changes in a recorded image. The full alignment can be carried out by a computer which is connected to a suitable image pick-up device and is able to control the microscope, sometimes with greater precision and speed than even a skilled operator can achieve. Two approaches to computer-controlled (automatic) alignment have been investigated. The first is based on measuring the dependence of the overall contrast in the image of a thin amorphous specimen on the relevant parameters, the other on measuring the image shift. Here we report on our progress in developing a new method, which makes use of the full information contained in a computed diffractogram.

scholarly journals Relationship between rifampin MICs for and rpoB mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Japan.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ohno ◽  
H Koga ◽  
S Kohno ◽  
T Tashiro ◽  
K Hara
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

We analyzed the relationship between rifampin MICs and rpoB mutations of 40 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A point mutation in either codon 516, 526, or 531 was found in 13 strains requiring MICs of > or = 64 micrograms/ml, while 21 strains requiring MICs of < or = 1 microgram/ml showed no alteration in these codons. However, 3 of these 21 strains contained a point mutation in either codon 515 or 533. Of the other six strains requiring MICs between 2 and 32 micrograms/ml, three contained a point mutation in codon 516 or 526, while no alteration was detected in the other three. Our results indicate that the sequencing analysis of a 69-bp fragment in the rpoB gene is useful in predicting rifampin-resistant phenotypes.

scholarly journals Allergic Diseases Caused by Aspergillus Species in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Aidan K. Curran ◽  
David L. Hava
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Th2 Immune Response ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids

Aspergillus spp. are spore forming molds; a subset of which are clinically relevant to humans and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. A. fumigatus causes chronic infection in patients with chronic lung disease such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). In patients with CF, A. fumigatus infection can lead to allergic disease, such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) which is associated with high rates of hospitalizations for acute exacerbations and lower lung function. ABPA results from TH2 immune response to Aspergillus antigens produced during hyphal growth, marked by high levels of IgE and eosinophil activation. Clinically, patients with ABPA experience difficulty breathing; exacerbations of disease and are at high risk for bronchiectasis and lung fibrosis. Oral corticosteroids are used to manage aspects of the inflammatory response and antifungal agents are used to reduce fungal burden and lower the exposure to fungal antigens. As the appreciation for the severity of fungal infections has grown, new therapies have emerged that aim to improve treatment and outcomes for patients with CF.

scholarly journals Neutron Imaging Using a Fine-Grained Nuclear Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Katsuya Hirota ◽  
Tomoko Ariga ◽  
Masahiro Hino ◽  
Go Ichikawa ◽  
Shinsuke Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Neutron Detector ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystal Oscillator ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cold Neutrons ◽  
Track Analysis

A neutron detector using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion has a sub-micron spatial resolution and thus has potential to be applied as high-resolution neutron imaging. In this paper, we present two approaches to applying the emulsion detectors for neutron imaging. One is using a track analysis to derive the reaction points for high resolution. From an image obtained with a 9 μm pitch Gd grating with cold neutrons, periodic peak with a standard deviation of 1.3 μm was observed. The other is an approach without a track analysis for high-density irradiation. An internal structure of a crystal oscillator chip, with a scale of approximately 30 μm, was able to be observed after an image analysis.

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