scholarly journals Guidance to post-mortem collection and storage of biological specimens for the diagnosis of Covid-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco D'Aleo ◽  
Milena Arghittu ◽  
Claudio Bandi ◽  
Marco Conte ◽  
Roberta Creti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection ◽  
Regional Reference

The following document is based on the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and the related disease (COVID-19). The Italian Institute of Health (ISS) is monitoring the virus spread throughout the country through daily reports sent by individual regions and regional reference laboratories. The diagnosis of infection is based on the use of standardized and validated molecular tests for the search for viral RNA in different sets of biological samples, from patients suspected of having contracted the infection. This document provides a specific guidance for the collection and storage of biological samples from deceased persons. It also provides recommendations on safety practices to be adopted during both collection and handling of specimens, and during autopsy procedures. With regard autopsy, it is recommended to follow the procedures for the execution of diagnostic findings in patients died with SARS-CoV-2 infection issued by ISS Working Group on Causes of Death from COVID-19, published on March 27, 2020.

scholarly journals Life expectation in organic brain disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jolley ◽  
David Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
Life Expectation ◽  
Organic Brain Disease ◽  
Organic Brain

The purpose of this review is to outline current knowledge on the life expectation of people suffering from organic brain disease, the techniques available for describing and comparing life expectation in populations, factors which are associated with longer and shorter life expectation, and the causes of death among patients with this condition.

Which Biomarkers Can Be Used as Diagnostic Tools for Infection in Suspected Sepsis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 662-671
Author(s):  
Pedro Póvoa ◽  
Luis Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

AbstractThe diagnosis of infection in patients with suspected sepsis is frequently difficult to achieve with a reasonable degree of certainty. Currently, the diagnosis of infection still relies on a combination of systemic manifestations, manifestations of organ dysfunction, and microbiological documentation. In addition, the microbiologic confirmation of infection is obtained only after 2 to 3 days of empiric antibiotic therapy. These criteria are far from perfect being at least in part responsible for the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, in the community and in hospital, and probably the main drive for antibiotic resistance. Biomarkers have been studied and used in several clinical settings as surrogate markers of infection to improve their diagnostic accuracy as well as in the assessment of response to antibiotics and in antibiotic stewardship programs. The aim of this review is to provide a clear overview of the current evidence of usefulness of biomarkers in several clinical scenarios, namely, to diagnose infection to prescribe antibiotics, to exclude infection to withhold antibiotics, and to identify the causative pathogen to target antimicrobial treatment. In recent years, new evidence with “old” biomarkers, like C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, as well as new biomarkers and molecular tests, as breathomics or bacterial DNA identification by polymerase chain reaction, increased markedly in different areas adding useful information for clinical decision making at the bedside when adequately used. The recent evidence shows that the information given by biomarkers can support the suspicion of infection and pathogen identification but also, and not less important, can exclude its diagnosis. Although the ideal biomarker has not yet been found, there are various promising biomarkers that represent true evolutions in the diagnosis of infection in patients with suspected sepsis.

Standard Food Safety Practices From Receiving to Cleaning in the Restaurant

2022 ◽  
pp. 123-150
Author(s):  
Suzita Ramli ◽  
Jun Xian Wong
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
And Storage

Transmission of hazardous materials could be aggravated by inappropriate handling and storage practices. This results in cross-contamination to foodstuff or cooking utensils. The introduced hazards in the food supply chain might lead to client and reputation loss. The implementation of food safety is necessary to secure safety concerns. All employees should take initiative to be aware and have good attitudes regarding proper hygiene and sanitary practices to assure their product integrity and safety for human consumption. Therefore, this chapter delivered the appropriate and standard food safety protocols to all individuals involved in food storage, preparation, and serving. The scope was structured into (1) identification of hazardous ingredients, (2) purchasing and receiving raw materials, (3) transporting and storage, (4) cooking and reheating, (5) food serving and displaying, (6) leftover storage, and (7) cleaning and sanitation.

Automation in biobanking from a laboratory medicine perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Baber ◽  
Michael Kiehntopf
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
History Plays ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Sample Quality ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Critical Process

Abstract Biobanks are important infrastructures to support clinical research and developments in personalized medicine. Although biobanking is not a new invention it has gained importance in the last few years due to increased quality requirements for biological samples in biomedical research and new high resolution Omics-technologies. Moreover, quality-assured collection, processing and storage of biological samples with defined pre-analytical history plays a key role for reproducibility in scientific research and paves the path towards precision medicine. Due to the increasing need for large numbers of samples, both in basic as well as in translational research, particular attention must be paid to sample acquisition and preparation in order to guarantee the highest possible sample quality. This can be achieved by following best practices or implementation and operation of specific biobank quality management systems that are compliant with the new DIN EN ISO 20387. Moreover, automation of critical process steps in biobanking can help to reach the highest quality standard and consistent sample quality. The following article will present and discuss currently available solutions for process automation in biobanking.

scholarly journals Exosomal Communication Goes Viral

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 5200-5203 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Meckes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Tumor Viruses ◽  
Communication Events ◽  
Epstein Barr

Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from cells that participate in intercellular communication events. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that host exosome pathways are hijacked by viruses and that virally modified exosomes contribute to virus spread and immune evasion. In the case of tumor viruses, recent findings suggest that alterations in normal exosome biology may promote the development and progression of cancer. These studies will be discussed in the context of our current knowledge of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-modified exosomes.

scholarly journals Diverse Roles of Cellular Senescence in Skeletal Muscle Inflammation, Regeneration, and Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Saito ◽  
Takako S. Chikenji
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Muscle Stem Cells ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Age Related

Skeletal muscle undergoes vigorous tissue remodeling after injury. However, aging, chronic inflammatory diseases, sarcopenia, and neuromuscular disorders cause muscle loss and degeneration, resulting in muscular dysfunction. Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, acts during normal embryonic development and remodeling after tissue damage; when these processes are complete, the senescent cells are eliminated. However, the accumulation of senescent cells is a hallmark of aging tissues or pathological contexts and may lead to progressive tissue degeneration. The mechanisms responsible for the effects of senescent cells have not been fully elucidated. Here, we review current knowledge about the beneficial and detrimental effects of senescent cells in tissue repair, regeneration, aging, and age-related disease, especially in skeletal muscle. We also discuss how senescence of muscle stem cells and muscle-resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors affects muscle pathologies or regeneration, and consider the possibility that immunosenescence leads to muscle pathogenesis. Finally, we explore senotherapy, the therapeutic targeting of senescence to treat age-related disease, from the standpoint of improving muscle regeneration.

scholarly journals Guidelines for collection of biological samples for giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis Gmelin, 1788) and Neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis Olfers, 1818)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Furtado ◽  
Livia de Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Miriam Marmontel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Pteronura Brasiliensis ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Lontra Longicaudis

To optimize the health evaluation of Giant and Neotropical otters in the wild and under human care and  to guarantee the quality of the information collected and maximize efforts in research projects, Brazilian veterinarians developed two protocols: 1) Protocol for collection, processing and storage of biological samples from live Giant and Neotropical otters, 2) Protocol for collection of biological material during necropsy. 

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 as a key regulator of cognitive function

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhong Fan ◽  
Zhenyu Zhao ◽  
Deming Wang ◽  
Ji Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Related Disease

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved and multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. GSK-3 is originally thought to be an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis. It was subsequently found that GSK-3 influences many critical cellular functions, such as cell structure, neural plasticity, gene expression, and neuronal survival. Recently, GSK-3 has been found to be associated with cognition, and its dysregulation leads to cognitive impairments in many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, depression, Parkinson’s disease, and others. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the structure of GSK-3, the regulation of GSK-3 activity, and its role in cognitive function and cognitive-related disease.

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