scholarly journals Current antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of typhoidal salmonellae in a referral diagnostic centre

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Shujat ◽  
Aamer Ikram ◽  
Inam Qadir Javaid Hashmi ◽  
Shahid Ahmed Abbasi ◽  
Amna Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Concern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
High Level ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Diagnostic Centre ◽  
Level Resistance

Background: Infections caused by typhoidal salmonellae are an important public health concern in Pakistan. Inappropriate and injudicious use of fluoroquinolones has reduced their efficacy due to development of high level resistance. <br />Aim: To ascertain the current susceptibility pattern of typhoidal salmonellae thus guiding the physicians for better management of typhoid patients.<br />Materials and Methods: A study was conducted at our institution from January 2012 through December 2013 to investigate current susceptibility pattern of typhoidal salmonellae. <br />Results: Out of 200 isolates, 107 (53.5%) were identified as <em>Salmonella</em> Typhi and 93 (46.5%) as <em>Salmonella</em> Paratyphi A. Sensitivities of <em>Salmonella</em> Typhi were as follows: ampicillin (48.6%), chloramphenicol (45.8%), co-trimoxazole (40.1%), ciprofloxacin (11.2%). Sensitivities of <em>Salmonella</em> Paratyphi A were: ampicillin (80.6%), chloramphenicol (89.2%), co-trimoxazole (90.3%), and ciprofloxacin (16.1%). No resistance was detected against third generation cephalosporins. <br />Conclusions: Typhoidal salmonellae are still entirely susceptible to third generation cephalosporins in our setting. Marked rise in resistance to fluoroquinolones has reduced their empirical usage. Sensitivity of <em>Salmonella</em> Paratyphi A to conventional antityphoid drugs was encouraging.

scholarly journals WGS of Commensal Neisseria Reveals Acquisition of a New Ribosomal Protection Protein (MsrD) as a Possible Explanation for High Level Azithromycin Resistance in Belgium

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Tessa de Block ◽  
Jolein Gyonne Elise Laumen ◽  
Christophe Van Dijck ◽  
Said Abdellati ◽  
Irith De Baetselier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integration Site ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ribosomal Protection Protein ◽  
Commensal Neisseria ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Ribosomal Protection

In this study, we characterized all oropharyngeal and anorectal isolates of Neisseria spp. in a cohort of men who have sex with men. This resulted in a panel of pathogenic Neisseria (N. gonorrhoeae [n = 5] and N. meningitidis [n = 5]) and nonpathogenic Neisseria (N. subflava [n = 11], N. mucosa [n = 3] and N. oralis [n = 2]). A high proportion of strains in this panel were resistant to azithromycin (18/26) and ceftriaxone (3/26). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of these strains identified numerous mutations that are known to confer reduced susceptibility to azithromycin and ceftriaxone in N. gonorrhoeae. The presence or absence of these known mutations did not explain the high level resistance to azithromycin (>256 mg/L) in the nonpathogenic isolates (8/16). After screening for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, we found a ribosomal protection protein, Msr(D), in these highly azithromycin resistant nonpathogenic strains. The complete integration site originated from Streptococcus pneumoniae and is associated with high level resistance to azithromycin in many other bacterial species. This novel AMR resistance mechanism to azithromycin in nonpathogenic Neisseria could be a public health concern if it were to be transmitted to pathogenic Neisseria. This study demonstrates the utility of WGS-based surveillance of nonpathogenic Neisseria.

Bacteriology of wound infections and Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Isolates

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Venkateswaramurthy N ◽  
Ashli Raj V ◽  
Nisharani SS ◽  
Limna AL ◽  
Chandini S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
High Level ◽  
Culture Positive

Wound infection has always been a major complication of surgery and trauma. The aim of our study was to determine the bacteriology of wound infections and to study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, Erode. The design of the study was a prospective type. Pus swabs / specimens were collected from hospitalized patients who developed wound infections. Bacterial pathogens were identified by conventional biochemical methods according to standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed on Muller – Hinton agar by the standard disk diffusion method. The incidence of wound infection was more common in males (63%) than in females (37%). Out of 100 culture positive samples, 61 samples were collected from diabetic ulcer patients, 20 samples were from ulcer patients, and 19 samples were from post operative patients. Of the 100 samples (culture positive), 71% collected samples showed mono-microbial growth, 29% showed two type of microbial growth. The prevalence of S. aureus (62.87%) from different wound infections was found to be high, followed by E.coli (48.65%), Klebsiella (30.21%), Pseudomonas (22.16%). Organisms showed diversity in the sensitivity pattern towards the antibiotics tested. High level of sensitivity was observed to Imipenem, Piperacillin tazobactum and Amikacin. High level of resistance was observed to Cephalosporins and Penicillin derivatives. We concluded that the sensitivity pattern of the antibiotics is not based on the infection site but on the type of organisms. This study gives us an insight to the current state of causative pathogens and their sensitivity to different antibiotics used in tertiary care hospital, Erode. The data of this study may be used to determine trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities and to modify antibiotic policy of the Hospital.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial drug resistance in isolates of Salmonella enterica from cases of salmonellosis in humans in Europe in 2000: results of international multi-centre surveillance

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Threlfall ◽  
I. S.T. Fisher ◽  
C Berghold ◽  
P Gerner-Smidt ◽  
H Tschäpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

The Enter-net surveillance system received results of antimicrobial sensitivity tests for isolates from over 27 000 cases of human salmonellosis in 2000 in 10 European countries. Almost 40% of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, with 18% multiresistant. Resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines was common, with over 20% of isolates resistant to at least one of these antimicrobials. Clinical resistance to ciprofloxacin was rare, with only 0.5% of isolates exhibiting such resistance (MIC &gt;1.0 mg/l). Resistance to nalidixic acid coupled with a decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC 0.25-1.0 mg/l) was more common, with 14% of isolates showing these properties. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was rare with only 0.6% of isolates resistant to cefotaxime. In all countries multiple resistance was most common in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, with 51% of isolates multiresistant in total. In England and Wales multiple resistance was also prevalent in S. Virchow and S. Hadar, whereas in other countries multiple resistance was common in serotypes such as S. Blockley.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Salah Uddin Ahmmed ◽  
AKM Asaduzzaman ◽  
Basir Ahmed ◽  
Monsur Alam ◽  
Misbah AL Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
High Level

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the common diseases of the middle ear especially in developing countries. Early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative micro-organisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern ensures prompt clinical recovery and possible complications may be avoided. Objectives: This study was done to determine the pattern of bacterial isolates and to detect their antibiogram. Methods: A total of 103 patients clinically diagnosed of CSOM were enrolled in the study and the samples were obtained from each patient using sterile cotton swabs and cultured for bacterial isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolates were performed using Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Among the cases females were more affected than males. Out of the 103 cases, bacteriological investigation revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42 (44.68%) and Staphylococcus aureus 31(32.97%) were the predominant bacteria. Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime revealed high level of sensitivity whereas high resistance rates were observed for Amoxycillin, Gentamicin and Cephalexin. Conclusion: The study concluded that an appropriate knowledge of the etiological agents and antibacterial susceptibility of microorganisms would contribute to a rational use of antibiotics, success of treatment and reduce the complications of CSOM. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2016; 22(2): 90-95.

scholarly journals The profile of microorganisms that associate with acute tonsillitis in children and their antibiotics sensitivity pattern in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maduka Donatus Ughasoro ◽  
James Onuorah Akpeh ◽  
Nneamaka Echendu ◽  
Nneka Gertrude Mgbachi ◽  
Somkene Okpala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
High Level

AbstractAcute tonsillitis remains one of the common childhood diseases in developing countries. Prompt and appropriate treatment based on the knowledge of the causative microbiota and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern will improve the treatment outcome and reduce time and resources spent on treatment. This study aims to determine the pattern of microbiota isolates and their susceptibility pattern. The study was a combination of the retrospective and cross-sectional method. The medical records of children treated for tonsillitis were retrieved, as well as those of children who presented with acute tonsillitis for the study. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, as well as document information retrieved from their medical record: presenting symptoms, treatments received. Swab sample was taken for culture and antibiotic susceptibility test. Out of the 72 swab cultures, 29 (40.3%) yielded insignificant growth of gram positive cocci. A total of nine (9) different isolates were obtained from all the significant swab cultures. Streptococcus species (13, 18.6%) and staphylococcus species (11, 15.3%) were the commonest isolates. Imipenem and levofloxacin revealed high level of susceptibility, while Ampicillin and Cefexine recorded high resistance rates. The proportion of the cultures that were positive of significant growth, the proportion of these positive isolates that were Streptococcus spp. and varied sensitivity pattern obtained underpinned the importance to advocate for culture isolates and susceptibility pattern guided treatment. These will not only an efficient approach to management of acute tonsillitis, but also a strong approach towards effective implementation of antibiotic stewardship.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in south-west Germany, 2004 to 2015: increasing minimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline but no resistance to third-generation cephalosporins

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Regnath ◽  
Thomas Mertes ◽  
Ralf Ignatius
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
South West ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
High Level ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, particularly to third-generation cephalosporins, has been reported in many countries. We examined the susceptibility (determined by Etest and evaluated using the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) of 434 N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected from 107 female and 327 male patients in Stuttgart, south-west Germany, between 2004 and 2015. During the study period, high proportions of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (70.3%), tetracycline (48.4%; increasing from 27.5% in 2004/2005 to 57.7% in 2014/2015; p = 0.0002) and penicillin (25.6%). The proportion of isolates resistant to azithromycin was low (5.5%) but tended to increase (p = 0.08). No resistance and stable minimum inhibitory concentrations were found for cefixime, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin. High-level resistance was found for ciprofloxacin (39.6%) and tetracycline (20.0%) but not for azithromycin; 16.3% of the isolates produced betalactamase. Thus, cephalosporins can still be used for the treatment of gonorrhoea in the study area. To avoid further increasing resistance to azithromycin, its usage should be limited to patients allergic to cephalosporins, or (in combination with cephalosporins) to patients for whom no susceptibility testing could be performed or those co-infected with chlamydiae.

Spectrum of Aerobic Bacterial Pathogen isolated from Pus samples and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Soni Soni ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Kalpana Chauhan ◽  
Deepali Saini
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
High Level ◽  
Culture Positive

Background:Wound infection continues to be a significant problem in clinical practice where empirical treatment of infection is required while waiting for culture report to prevent emergence of resistance. Objectives:To study the spectrum of aerobic bacterial pathogen isolated from pus samples and to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the bacteria isolated. Method: The samples of pusreceived in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory were processed during the study period to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens as per standard bacteriologicaltechniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines 2017. Result:Out of the total of 1474pus samples processed, 21.98% samples were culture positive. Majority of culture positive samples were from IPD patients.Predominance of gram negative bacteria (77.4%) was seen as compared to gram positive bacteria (22.60%) both in IPD and OPD samples. High level of resistance to various antimicrobials was seen among the clinical isolates. Conclusion: Emergence of antibiotic resistant strains in pus sample is a matter of concern. Therefore, knowledge of the spectrum of microorganisms causing pus discharge and its susceptibility pattern is required and this data may contribute to an effective management of cases of wound infection

scholarly journals Opening Pandora’s box: high level resistance to antibiotics of last resort in Gram negative bacteria from Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O Ogbolu ◽  
Laura J V Piddock ◽  
Mark A Webber
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem but information about the prevalence and mechanisms of resistance in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. We determined the percentage of drug resistant isolates and resistance mechanisms in 307 Gram negative isolates randomly collected from south western Nigeria. Susceptibility testing revealed 78.1%, 92.2% and 52.6% of all isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems respectively. There were more resistant isolates from the stools of uninfected patients than from specimens of patients with symptoms of infections. Only a small proportion of E. coli (10%) and Klebsiella (7%) isolates produced a carbapenemase. Whole genome sequencing of selected isolates identified the presence of globally disseminated clones. This depicts a crisis for the use of first line therapy in Nigerian patients, it is likely that Nigeria is playing a significant role in the spread of AMR due to her high population and mobility across the globe.

Bacterial Microbiota and Antibiogram Profile in Children With Acute Tonsillitis. A Guide to Treatment.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maduka Ughasoro ◽  
James Akpeh ◽  
Nneamaka Echendu ◽  
Nneka Mgbachi ◽  
Somkene Okpala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Purpose: Acute tonsillitis remains one of the common childhood diseases in developing countries. Prompt and appropriate treatment based on the knowledge of the causative microbiota and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern will improve the treatment outcome and reduce time and resources spent on treatment. This study aimed to determine the pattern of microbiota isolates and their susceptibility pattern. Methods: The study was a combination of retrospective and cross-sectional method. The medical records of children treated for tonsillitis were retrieved, as well as children who presented with acute tonsillitis were recruited in the study. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, as well as document information retrieved from their medical record: presenting symptoms, treatments received. Swab sample was taken for culture and antibiotic susceptibility test. Results: Out of the 72 swab cultures, most 29 (40.3%) yielded insignificant growth of gram positive cocci. A total of nine (9) different isolates were obtained from all the significant swab culture. Streptococcus species (13, 18.6%) and staphylococcus species (11, 15.3%) were the commonest isolates. Imipenem and levofloxacin revealed high level of susceptibility, while Ampicillin and Cefixine recorded high resistance rates. Conclusion: The proportion of the cultures that were positive of significant growth, the proportion of these positive isolates that were Streptococcus Spp. and varied sensitivity pattern obtained underpinned the important to advocate for culture isolates and susceptibility pattern guided treatment. This will not only an efficient approach to management of acute tonsillitis, but also a strong approach towards effective implementation of antibiotic stewardship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document