Dire la verità / To tell the truth

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Turoldo
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Reflective Judgement ◽  
Christian Culture ◽  
Professional Fields ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Good Purpose

Dire o non dire la verità? Mentire a fin di bene? Dire subito tutta la verità, oppure farla trapelare progressivamente, tenendo conto della capacità che l’interlocutore ha di sopportarla? Questi dilemmi etici si pongono nei più svariati campi professionali e, prima ancora, nella nostra vita quotidiana. Le diverse tradizioni che hanno dato origine alla cultura occidentale, a cominciare dalla cultura greca e da quella giudaico-cristiana, hanno avuto atteggiamenti diversificati nei confronti della verità e della menzogna? E la modernità come si è posta di fronte a questo tema? Infine, come si è sviluppata la riflessione filosofica su questi temi? Come si sono posti autori quali Platone, Agostino, Machiavelli, Montaigne, Grozio, Kant, Constant, Feyerabend, MacIntyre, Sandel, di fronte a questo problema? Dopo aver preso in esame queste questioni il saggio prova a dare una risposta alla difficile problematica, facendo leva sulla nozione aristotelica di phronesis e su quella kantiana del giudizio riflettente, mettendone alla prova l’efficacia soprattutto nel campo della bioetica e della pratica clinica in medicina. ---------- Can we lie for a good purpose? Is it better to tell the whole truth immediately, or to leak it progressively, taking into account the interlocutor’s capacity to suffer? These ethical dilemmas are often raised in the most varied professional fields and first of all in our daily life. Do the different traditions that gave rise to western culture share similar attitudes towards truth and lies? What about Greek culture? What about Judeo-Christian culture? What about Modernity? How has philosophical reflection developed these topics? What did Plato, Augustine, Machiavelli, Grotius, Kant, Constant, Feyerabend, MacIntyre and Sandel think about these issues? After dealing with these difficult questions, this short essay tries to look for an answer in the Aristotelian concept of phronesis and in the Kantian notion of reflective judgement, testing these conceptual tools through bioethical and clinical medical cases.

Time Goes on Crutches till Love Have All His Rites

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Tutino
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Legal Contract

The last three chapters of this book present specific case studies showing concrete examples of the issues to which probabilism was applied. These chapters bring the theoretical and theological discussions on probabilism into the daily life of early modern men and women, and they demonstrate the fundamental role probabilism assumed in early modern Western culture. This chapter focuses on the question of the validity of East Asian marriages, which were institutionally, legally, and culturally very different from the European West. As Catholic missionaries and theologians confronted these differences, they found probabilism immensely useful for rethinking, updating, and adapting to this new context traditional notions concerning the nature of marriage both as a sacrament and as a legal contract.

scholarly journals FROM PAGAN TO CHRISTIAN: RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY IN MATERIAL CULTURE FROM SAGALASSOS

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 573-607
Author(s):  
Peter Talloen
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
South West ◽  
Christian Culture ◽  
Christian Iconography ◽  
Religious Iconography

The evidence of domestic artefacts bearing religiously inspired imagery from Sagalassos (south-west Turkey) is used here to trace how the religious revolution of Late Antiquity affected daily life and how that evidence may reflect wider patterns in the shift from a pagan to a Christian culture in Late Antiquity. After a period characterised by a common iconographic repertoire shared by pagans and Christians alike, in which the Christian impact on material culture was limited, the material expression of the changing religious atmosphere became more visible from the second half of the 4th c. onwards and eventually resulted in a canonic Christian iconography.

Historical Source Material for the Karagkiozis Performance

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Suny Myrsiades
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Heroic Poetry ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Puppet Theatre

Karagkiozis, or Greek shadow puppet theatre, is a theatrical form that reflects nineteenth-century Greek oral culture. It utilizes a variety of national and regional costumes, dialects, and manners. Having developed in Greece during the period of that nation's modern history, it expresses the continuity of Greek culture and carries its themes, scenes of daily life, and characters. It retains, moreover, vestiges, or perhaps more accurately resurgences, of the pagan as well as the Christian past. Folk characters and types from folk plays and tales – the quack doctor, old man, old woman, devil Jew, Vlach, Moor, Gypsy, swaggering soldier, old rustic, jesting servant, trickster, parasite, stuttering child, ogre, dragon, bald-chin, and the great beauty – are its types as well. Popular folk dances, regional songs, and heroic poetry and ballads appear throughout Karagkiozis performances.

scholarly journals Os Dilemas Éticos que o Profissional Enfermeiro Enfrenta em seu Cotidiano no Atendimento ao Cliente / The Ethical Dilemmas that the Professional Nurse Faces in his Daily Life in Customer Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 57210-57231
Author(s):  
Bianca Flor Mendes ◽  
Rosana Maria Faria Vador ◽  
Fabíola Vieira Cunha ◽  
Fátima Aparecida Ferreira Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Professional Nurse

The Iconicity of Russian Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-33
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Yu. Darenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Matrix ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Christian Culture ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Individual Self

Russian culture should be adequately represented in the modern cultural consciousness as a unique phenomenon. Among new approaches there seem to be three that can be considered the most important and promising. 1) The concept of the iconicity of Orthodox culture, created by V.V. Lepakhin, that is now being developed by a significant number of interesting authors in various aspects. 2) The concept of Russian literature Easterness (Paskhalnost), substantiated by I.A. Yesaulov and potentially applicable to the general specific characteristics of Russian culture as a whole. 3) The concept of Russian culture as the “culture of transformation”, in contrast to the Western culture of individual “self-realization”. The purpose of this article is to review the most important works within the outlined conceptual field and formulate general principles for understanding the iconicity of Russian culture as its ontological basis. From the methodological point of view, we are talking about a kind of “archeology of culture” (by analogy with the “archeology of knowledge” of M. Foucault) – that is, the discovery of the primary historical foundations of Russian culture, which were later obscured by the influence of Western culture, especially in its secular forms. In the West, the original and universal principle of the iconicity of Christian culture was gradually replaced by the principle of “sculpturality”. If iconicity is the focus of man and every creature on the Creator and on his highest heavenly perfection, which presupposes the path of transformation and the clear distinction between the created and non-created; then sculpturality is the self-sufficiency of man and all creations, closing them in their proud self-sufficiency, and thereby closing the way for their transformation. Since the Christian East has preserved Orthodoxy, it is here that the original “matrix” of Christian culture has been preserved, indestructible by any later Western influences, although it has experienced strong deformations and “pseudomorphoses” under their onslaught. Iconicity is the original ontology of culture as such: on the one hand, it preserves the original paradise connection with eternal and perfect existence at the moment of creation; on the other hand, it also carries the act of ontological catastrophe bringing death, evil and imperfection into the world. The concept of Russian culture “iconicity” is considered to be the most important theoretical achievement of modern Russian thought. It combines, on the one hand, cultural and theological accuracy, and, on the other, – the huge practical potential for the revival of the national spirit.

A Greek Christian World?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergus Millar
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Local Context ◽  
The West ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
Roman Near East

The great temple of Artemis at Gerasa (Jerash) in Jordan is one of the finest expressions of Greco-Roman culture in the Near East. Built in the second century, it includes a church that was erected on top of another building. This chapter explores the combination of Greek and Hebrew or Aramaic that characterised the mosaic floors of synagogues of the period from Palestine, across the Jordan to the west, where the roles of the two languages tend to be reversed: Hebrew or Aramaic was used for the strictly religious components while Greek was used for the names of benefactors. More specifically, it considers the combination — or alternation — of co-existence and hostility between Christians and Jews. After providing a background on the Roman Near East, the chapter analyses the language that Jews possibly used in daily life, and whether pagans of the Roman Near East spoke Aramaic. It then examines documentary evidence that offers insights into Greek culture in the Near East in its local context before concluding with a discussion of Greek literary culture in the region.

Some Thoughts about Professional Fields of Ethnomusicologists in Museums

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Matthias Lewy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Professional Fields ◽  
Short Essay

This is a short essay introducing some thoughts the professional fields of ethnomusicologists working within an ethnographic museum. It is of utmost importance to consider the growing responsibility of any kind of musicologists in the context of a wider presentation of historical facts and social relationships that are the contents of exhibitions in museums. This short report reviews some basic ideas and tries to instigate discussions.

scholarly journals Professional and ethical dilemmas of economists (In memoriam János Kornai, 1928–2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-518
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Budget Constraint ◽  
Soft Budget Constraint ◽  
Long Time ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Abstract János Kornai, the most distinguished Hungarian economist passed away on 18 October 2021. This short essay, written by a long-time disciple of Kornai tries to prioritize his scientific achievements spreading over six decades. The conclusion is that Kornai's most important contribution to the principles of economics was already presented in his 1971 book, entitled Anti-equilibrium, and without this book his most respected later works and his other original concepts, like the soft budget constraint or the shortage economy, cannot be understood.

The Epicurean and Skeptic Ways of Life

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Ways Of Life

This chapter discusses the Epicurean and Pyrrhonian skeptic ways of life. It argues that the Epicurean life, however much grounded in the results of philosophical analysis and argument, and however much the psychological motivation provided by firm belief in these results steers Epicureans in living their life, that life cannot be said to involve, in any essential way, the practice of philosophy, that is, of philosophical reflection, analysis, discussion, and argument. The skeptic life, however, beyond its conformism so far as issues of daily life, morality, religion, politics, and so on, may go, also includes a devotion to philosophical discussion and investigation. Skeptics appear to live their lives in a very delicate balance between living as Sextus describes, following his fourfold direction (and also devoting lots of attention to philosophy), and worrying about what would happen to their lives if ever their skill of counterbalancing arguments should fail to undermine an argument of philosophy.

The “Decline of the West” and the “Death” of Humanism

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Anzhelika Ivanovna Sergeyeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Moral Significance ◽  
Christian Humanism ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Christian Culture

The paper analyzes philosophical views on human-ism and culture in the realities of the modern situa-tion. O. Spengler and F. Nietzsche predicted the end of Western culture, which is still relevant today. The study concludes that even in our time humanism remains one of the main worldview principles, but in its essence does not give creative freedom. There-fore, it is quite justified to turn to the teachings of Russian thinkers, for whom the solution of social problems had a universal, moral significance. Their work in the context of the paper is presented in fragments. Western individualism and rationalism were also reflected in the migration policy of West-ern countries. Nietzsche showed the duality of life (Dionysian and Apollonian principles), similarly, in modern politics, you can see the contradiction be-tween migration and the policy of the European Un-ion (EU), Christian culture and politics that does not solve existential problems. Therefore, there is no complete sense of freedom, since migrants become hostages of circumstances when they receive finan-cial assistance. O. Spengler’s reflections lead him to the idea of the failure of educational humanism. Nietzsche rejected Christian humanism, which he saw as a manifestation of “slave morality”.

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