Aproximación ética al diagnóstico de muerte bajo criterios neurológicos y cardiocirculatorios. Reflexiones sobre el posicionamiento de la Iglesia Católica sobre la donación de órganos para trasplante / Ethical approach to the diagnosis of death under neurological and cardiocirculatory criteria. Reflections on the position of the Catholic Church on the donation of organs for transplantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159
Author(s):  
Jose María Domínguez-Roldán ◽  
Justo Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Diagnosis Of Death ◽  
The Catholic Church

El diagnóstico de muerte del ser humano tiene dimensiones antropológicas, médicas, religiosas, legales, y culturales. No obstante corresponde a los médicos establecer los criterios de muerte del individuo y precisar el momento en que la muerte se ha producido. La donación de órganos para trasplante provenientes de personas fallecidas debe realizarse lo antes posible a fin de preservar la viabilidad de los órganos. Los criterios para establecer la muerte basándose en aspectos neurológicos nacieron simultáneamente al desarrollo de la trasplantología. La creciente demanda de órganos para trasplante ha dado paso a que la muerte se establezca por criterios cardiocirculatorios. En relación con ello, se revisan aspectos clínicos sobre el tiempo necesario que debe transcurrir desde el comienzo de la parada circulatoria hasta el establecimiento definitivo de la muerte (que actualmente es muy variable en los distintos países), así como los aspectos éticos que pudieran conllevar el hecho de que dichos pacientes van a ser donantes de órganos y la potencial influencia que podría tener en el manejo de los pacientes antes de su fallecimiento. También se lleva a cabo una valoración de la doctrina de la Iglesia Católica, no sólo sobre la donación de órganos para trasplante, sino también sobre los aspectos que la dignidad en el proceso de la muerte de la persona debe conllevar. ---------- The diagnosis of death in humans has anthropological, medical, religious, legal and cultural dimensions. Nevertheless, it falls to clinicians to establish the criteria for death of the individual, and to determine the time at which death occurred. Donation of organs for transplantation from deceased persons should be done as soon as possible, in order to preserve organ viability. The criteria for establishing death based on neurological aspects originated in parallel with the development of transplantology. The growing demand for organs for transplantation has given way to the establishment of death based on cardiocirculatory criteria. In relation thereto, we review the clinical aspects of the time that must elapse from the beginning of circulatory arrest until the definitive establishment of death (which presently varies greatly among different countries). We also examine the ethical aspects that might be entailed in the fact that said patients will be organ donors, and the potential effect that this might have on management of patients before their death. We make an assessment of the doctrine of the Catholic Church, not only with respect to organ donation for transplantation, but to aspects that dignity in the process of dying must encompass.

Związek publicznej obecności Kościoła w Polsce z preferencjami wyborczymi elektoratu w 2011 roku

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (301) ◽  
pp. 72-92
Author(s):  
Karolina Dłuska
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Public Television ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Religious Nature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Catholic Church

The author of the article tries to indicate the relationship between the perceived presence of the Catholic Church in public life and the election preferences of Poles. The subject of the research here is the parliamentary elections in Poland in 2011 in the context of the perception by the electorate of the individual parties of the public presence of the Catholic Church in the selected aspects. Among them, the author points to: the issue of crosses and other religious symbols in public space, including the issue of a cross in the Sejm meeting room. She also recalls such matters as: religion lessons in schools, the religious nature of the military oath, priests appearing on public television, the Church taking a stand on laws passed by the Sejm and priests telling people how to vote in elections. The presented analysis is based on the results of the Polish General Election Study 2011.

Child Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. White ◽  
Karen J. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Excessive Force ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
Sex Abuse ◽  
Police Deviance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The Catholic Church response to its sexual abuse crisis and how the problem should be addressed parallels the “rotten apple” assertions of police deviance. The rotten apple theory, however, does not fully explain police deviance, as there are often also structural explanations. This article employs Kappeler, Sluder, and Alpert's (1998) police deviance framework to characterize and understand the Catholic Church sex abuse scandal, drawing specific comparisons to the intentional use of excessive force by police. Though the analogy has limitations, there are similarities at both the individual and organizational levels, particularly because the Church has implemented accountability mechanisms similar to the police. The article concludes with a discussion of lessons the Church can learn from the police organization as they seek to prevent, control, and effectively respond to sexual abuse of children by their clergy.

scholarly journals Charitable Work of the Church in the Polish Lands in the XIX Century and its Impact on Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Leszek Aftyka ◽  
Piotr Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Charitable Activities ◽  
The Catholic Church

The Catholic Church in the Polish lands in the XIX century has had numerous charity works. The charitable activities were seen as the task of God's commandment of love. The purpose of this activity was to support poor people in the form of satisfying basic material needs and achieving adequate personal development. The article discusses the most important forms of assistance provided by religious orders, as well as clerical and lay organizations. The author draws attention to the charity's impact on education and the formation of humanistic values in society. Many priests set up organisations that had such names as: “Star”, “Aurora”, “Fatherland”, “Rock”. Their main objective was to raise up education standards and stimulate patriotism and solidarity among young people. Therefore, cooperation between educational institutions, families, non-governmental organizations, volunteer movements, charitable foundations for the expansion of active charitable activities, and the creation of a humanistic society is required. Nowadays it is extremely important to revive philanthropy and altruism in every country. Currently, there are foundations, organizations aimed at carrying out charitable activities and attracting to the charity all who wish to serve the cause of raising Christian morality, culture, education, art, support of the poor. Thus, this is important to promote it in the educational field as well. After all, many young people are ready to help financially or spiritually those who need it; they seek to invest time, money and talent into a rapidly growing charity. Here we see an important role of the Catholic Church, which influences the development of the spirituality of the individual.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN DIGNITY AS A BASIS FOR COOPERATION OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH WITH STATE AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS

Skhid ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Anna Laputko
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Catholic Church

The article investigates the understanding of the concept of human dignity in the Catholic social doctrine and secular legal declarations aimed at the protection of personality rights. It is shown that notwithstanding the essential basic prerequisites, the concept of human dignity is foundational for the solution of new social problems. Consequently, human dignity is a basis for a fruitful dialog between the Catholic Church and world in order to create the society of peace, respect and well-being. It is proved that the turn to the systematic use of human right language and the strategies of the protection of human dignity occurred during the Second Vatican Council. This process is a part of the anthropological turn of the Christian religion within the global transformations of religious worldview in the age of late modern and postmodernism. Refreshment of the social teaching of Catholicism occurs within the last encyclical “Fratelli tutti” by the Pope Francis. The principle of the absolute value of human dignity becomes primary for the social teaching of the “Fratelli tutti” encyclical by the Pope Francis. This principle is fully substantiated. The Pope recognize that the absoluteness of human dignity is not obvious for the contemporary social discourse, the personality is more and more reduced to the individual who can be manipulated destroying the natural context of life which for the individual have always been communities. The Pope provides arguments about the dignity of the individual, which are revealed through faith, love, reflection and social dialogue.

scholarly journals Brain-based Criteria of Human Death. Study of the Issue

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Jacek Norkowski
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Problem ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human Death ◽  
The Catholic Church

In this article I first tried to demonstrate that the theory of so-called braindeath is unsustainable from a scientific point of view. +e data that the medicalprofession provides on this subject clearly contradicts such a theory. It is impossibleto prove, on the basis of the knowledge available to this science thatpeople who are in a state of cerebral death are really dead. +e only thing thatthe doctor can say, without exceeding the limits of the discipline he represents,is that these people have a significant degree of brain damage. +is does notmean, however, that the brain is so damaged that is has ceased to perform all its functions. On the contrary, these patients usually show many symptomsof brain activity. Recognition of these sick people as dead, therefore, contradictsthe principles of the medical art.+e acceptance of the theory of so-called brain death has also given riseto many problems from the legal point of view. Recognition as a living or deceasedperson depends on the criteria for brain death, which vary from countryto country. +e law has therefore become arbitrary in such an important areaas human life and death.+e adoption of the theory of brain death on the basis of such un-robustscientific criteria has undoubtedly become possible only through the acceptanceof certain philosophical assumptions that reduce the human to his or herconsciousness. A permanent loss of consciousness was de facto considered to beevidence of human death. +is position contradicts the achievements of Christianthought in the field of philosophical anthropology, which emphasises theunity of the individual and the importance of his or her bodily aspect. Whatis even more important, however, is the fact that modern man tends to thinkin terms of moral utilitarianism. Many people believe that it is possible to sacrificethe life of a person who is seriously ill and who has no hope of improvement(in this case, a person with cerebral death syndrome) for the benefit of otherpatients. +is attitude explains the passivity of many circles and the failureto discuss such an important issue as the rightness or wrongness of the theoryof so-called brain death. It is not without significance that there is a specifictransplant lobby in individual countries, which puts moral pressure on entiresocieties to accept the removal of organs for transplantation from people whoare in a state of so-called brain death, and suppresses the discussion of moralproblems associated with it.It is necessary for the Catholic Church to develop a clear position on thismatter. +is has not yet happened. +ere is even a surprising lack of consensusamong various the authorities. However, some of the hierarchy of the CatholicChurch have already spoken on this matter. +ese include Cardinal Meissner,Archbishop of Cologne, who clearly rejected the theory of brain death as incompatiblewith the principles of the Church’s teaching8'. Pope John Paul IIalso wrote in the encyclical Evangelium Vitae: “Nor can we remain silent aboutthe existence of other, better camouflaged but no less dangerous forms of euthanasia.We would be dealing with them, for example, if, in order to obtain moreorgans for transplantation, we proceeded to collect these organs from donorsbefore they were declared dead according to objective and adequate criteria.”Although these words do not mention the concept of brain death, theyrefer to it indirectly. +is paper was written in order to draw attention to justsuch a moral problem hidden in the concept of so-called brain death.In conclusion, I would like to give the floor to one of the participantsin the discussion on brain death, Dr Tomoko Abe. She wrote: “It is true thatthe latest developments in science and technology have brought many benefits.At the same time, however, they have brought unprecedented confusion in philosophyand culture to our societies. Due to the destructive tendencies of thepresent day, it is becoming increasingly important to establish social standardsto protect the most vulnerable members of society, such as young children andunconscious patients who cannot defend themselves. We therefore concludethat the current diagnostic criteria for brain death should be abolished andthat a worldwide ban on transplants from people with cerebral death syndromeshould be introduced.”88Dr. Abe is not alone in a desire to overthrow the theory of so-called braindeath and to consider its criteria as non-scientific. +e same is demanded bymany other authors. +e voice of the Catholic Church in this matter is undoubtedlyone of the most important. As the greatest authority in the world in mattersof morality and human rights, it cannot fail to explain the issue of so-calledbrain death in its teaching.

Memory as a Constituent Shaping the Identity of the Individual and the Community – the Case of Edith Stein

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 379-397
Author(s):  
Magdalena Raganiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Spiritual Identity ◽  
Edith Stein ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Childhood Memory ◽  
The Catholic Church

The article attempts to show how memory influenced the formation of the unique spiritual identity of Edith Stein, who was born and grew up in the religious tradition of Judaism, but as an adult became the member of the Catholic Church. What seems to be unusual in her religious self-perception is the fact that despite conversion, Edith permanently regarded herself as a Jew and firmly claimed that she constantly belonged to the Jewish community. Her mind-set was immensely influenced by the image of Jesus as a devout Jew portrayed in the New Testament, zealously practicing the sacred rites of Judaism, as well as her later analysis of the Christian and Jewish ways of worship. Her study exposed a deep bond linking Christianity with Judaism and by revealing this bond Edith Stein evoked the forgotten truth about the Jewish roots of Christianity which is deeply rooted in the faith of the Old Testament and draws a lot from the richness of its tradition. Undoubtedly, this important link reminded by Edith Stein, raised and developed later by the official teaching of the Catholic Church, was possible because she remembered the religious tradition in which she grew up and which she experienced in her childhood. Memory, therefore, became the constituent that shaped her own spiritual identity, but also contributed to the reinterpretation of the identity of the Christian community.

Związek publicznej obecności Kościoła w Polsce z preferencjami wyborczymi elektoratu w 2011 roku

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (301) ◽  
pp. 72-92
Author(s):  
Karolina Dłuska
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Public Television ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Religious Nature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Catholic Church

The author of the article tries to indicate the relationship between the perceived presence of the Catholic Church in public life and the election preferences of Poles. The subject of the research here is the parliamentary elections in Poland in 2011 in the context of the perception by the electorate of the individual parties of the public presence of the Catholic Church in the selected aspects. Among them, the author points to: the issue of crosses and other religious symbols in public space, including the issue of a cross in the Sejm meeting room. She also recalls such matters as: religion lessons in schools, the religious nature of the military oath, priests appearing on public television, the Church taking a stand on laws passed by the Sejm and priests telling people how to vote in elections. The presented analysis is based on the results of the Polish General Election Study 2011.

The Catholic Church and Education as Sources of Institutional Panic in the Philippines

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 778-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayeel Serrano Cornelio ◽  
Anne Raffin
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
School System ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern Condition ◽  
Developing Society ◽  
Modern Thinking ◽  
The Catholic Church

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse two important institutions in the modernising society of the Philippines: the Catholic Church and the educational system. If one is to follow conventional modernisation theories, religion can be seen as a backward institution founded on irrationality, whereas education is a critical institution that ushers in modern thinking. As a developing society, the Philippines and hence its institutions present responses to the contemporary modern condition that run counter to the above. In particular, we focus our attention on seeing certain crises within both the Catholic Church and the school system as indicative of what Blum has called an 'institutional panic'. Taking our cue from what is known about panic responses at the level of the individual, we perceive educational and Catholic religious institutions as exhibiting behaviours of hyper-vigilance as an answer to stress-related situations. At the same time, these entities also have periods during which they let down their institutional guard, and may appear as more passive and demoralised. This perspective allows us to look at the variable nature of panic at an institutional level, and investigate institutional patterns of response to situations of vulnerability.

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